RU2400959C1 - Seeding element of seed-fertiliser seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: element comprises a framework with a mulch stubble sweep, cutter wheels, seed-fertiliser grain tubes and a rollers. The element is provided with an L-brace having a hinge in its centre. Support arms pivotally attached together by a length adjustable rod are rigidly fixed to the front and back pieces of the L-brace. The rod is spring loaded. The top of the front piece of the L-brace is equipped with a bushing, and a front spindle is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the brace. A central disk blade is mounted on the spindle. The off-set spindles with the disk blades mounted thereon are rigidly attached to the back piece of the L-brace on its both sides. The roller is pivotally connected to the end of the L-brace. One fertiliser tube is mounted behind the central disk blade, and the others - behind the disk blades mounted on the spindles.

EFFECT: reduced energy consumption ensured by the combination of a number of technological operations, improved crop quality due to higher field emergence by seeds laying on a hard seed bed followed by soil consolidation thereover, higher fertiliser effectiveness by simultaneous starter and bulk application, higher crop yield resulted from directed distribution of a basic fertiliser relative to the root system.

10 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a device for sowing grain crops with simultaneous local application of mineral fertilizers and can be used on grain fertilizer seeders.

Known opener [SU 1688796 A1, 5 A01C 7/20; 11/07/1991], intended for grain seeders with close-up working bodies. The double disc coulter comprises a housing and flat discs mounted at an angle to each other. Between the disks there is a seed guide and a cultivator with an acute angle of entry into the soil, the edge of which is made along a curve. In the lower part of the ripper, a stabilizer is fixed with wings raised up. When the coulter moves, a cultivator with a stabilizer forms a v-shaped groove in the soil. Disks push the soil apart and keep it from shedding into the groove. Sowing material along the guide gets into the groove and is filled with soil after the passage of the discs. Soil reaction forces press the discs against the edges of the wedge of the cultivator, preventing plant residues from getting between the discs and cultivators. The vertical component of the reaction force of the soil, acting on the stabilizer, contributes to the deepening of the coulter and reduces the vibrations of the coulter in a longitudinally vertical plane. The disadvantage of this design is: the absence of elements providing fertilizer below the sowing level, weed cutting is not carried out in the sowing area, the soil is not compacted above the rows of seeds.

Known combined opener [RU 2249936 C1, 7 AC 7/20; 04/20/2005], intended for sowing crops. The combined opener includes a housing with a mounting unit for the seeder opener to the lead of the seeder, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, and a guide rail. The coulter is equipped with a pipeline for local liquid fertilizer application, a section of spring harrow teeth attached to the upper part of the guide rod, and an anchor-bed forger. The bed anchor consists of two sidewalls, one of which is the outer one, made in the form of a vertical wall bent at an angle, stretched along the outer side of the guide rail with respect to the disk with rotation of its front removable part - the scraper shield - at an angle equal to or less than the soil friction angle on the work surface, before touching the disc. The rear part of the side of the bed anchor is extended in the longitudinal direction behind the seed guide, forming one of its cheeks, to which the liquid fertilizer pipe and the seed diffuser are attached with its working surface installed under the guide tube. The other sidewall of the anchor-layer — the inner one — is located between the seventh guide with the upper part attached to it and the disk extending along its trace to the level of the outer sidewall, forming the second cheek of the anchor-layer. The disadvantage of this design is: the absence of elements providing fertilizer below the sowing level, weed vegetation is not trimmed in the sowing zone, the sowing depth is not controlled, the soil is not compacted over the rows of seeds.

Known opener [SU 1676484 A1, 5 A01C 7/20; 09/15/1991], designed for direct sowing machines with terminating working bodies. The coulter contains a housing made in the form of a U-shaped frame with the displacement of the racks in the longitudinal direction, a seed guide fixed by an arm on the housing, front and rear discs mounted on the axles. The plane of the anterior disc is not perpendicular to the axis, and the plane of the posterior disc is perpendicular to the axis. The housing is connected to the frame of the seeder through an arm and a leash. When the drill moves, the disks move in the longitudinal direction and simultaneously rotate around the axes, because Since the front disc is not perpendicular to the axis, it oscillates in the horizontal plane relative to the intersection of the axis and the plane of the front disc, due to which it is easily embedded in the soil, and the rear disc protects the funnel through which seeds are sown from shedding the soil. The disadvantage of this design is: the absence of elements providing fertilizer below the sowing level, weed vegetation is not trimmed in the sowing zone, the sowing depth is not controlled, the soil is not compacted over the rows of seeds.

Known opener [RU 2166242 C1, 7 A01C 7/20; 05/10/2001], intended for sowing grain crops. The coulter contains a housing and discs. Disks are mounted on bearings at an angle to each other. The recesses of the side surfaces of the disks, forming a wedge shape at the cutting edge, are filled with a layer of hydrophobic plastic mass to prevent sticking. The lateral layers of the plastic mass are interconnected through the radial holes available on the disk. The disadvantage of this design is: the absence of elements providing fertilizer below the sowing level, weed vegetation is not trimmed in the sowing zone, the sowing depth is not controlled, the soil is not compacted over the rows of seeds.

The objective of the invention is the reduction of energy costs by combining a number of technological operations; improving the quality of sowing by increasing the field germination of seeds by laying them on a solid sowing bed with subsequent compaction of the soil above them; increasing the efficiency of fertilizers by simultaneously applying the sowing and main doses; grain yield increase as a result of oriented placement of the main fertilizer relative to the root system.

The essence of the invention will be clear from the following description of the device and the presented drawings.

Figure 1 - sowing section, side view (first option).

Figure 2 - sowing section, a top view (first option).

Figure 3 - sowing section, front view (first option).

Figure 4 is a scan of a planar lancet paw together with a rack (second option).

5 is a side view of the seed section (second option).

Figure 6 - sowing section of a top view (second option).

7 is a scan of a planar lancet paw with a notch on the toe (second option).

On Fig - layout of seeds and fertilizers in the soil.

The sowing section of the grain-seeder seeder contains a L-shaped stand 1, a hinge 2, a sleeve 3, a front axle 4, a central disk knife 5, a plane-cutting lancet paw 6, a stand 7, a fertilizer duct 8, an axis 9, circular knives 10, brackets 11, a fertilizer 12, bracket 13, rod 14, bracket 15, spring 16, roller 17, leash 18, bracket 19, adjustable rod 20.

The sowing section of the grain fertilizer seeder through the sleeve 3 and the bracket 21 is rigidly attached to the frame of the seeder 22.

The sowing section of the grain-seeder seeder includes a L-shaped pillar 1 having a hinge in the middle part 2. The upper end of the front of the L-shaped pillar 1 is equipped with a sleeve 3, below which the bracket 15 is rigidly fixed, and the front axle 4 is rigidly fixed to the bottom which is installed on the Central disk knife 5, on the cutting edge of which the teeth are made, and the edges of the teeth facing the direction of movement are made in a convex arc.

The axis 7 in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is facing up, is attached to the axis 4 of the central disk knife 10, and the lower one is made in conjunction with a plane-cutting lancet foot 6 located at the rear of the central disk knife 5, and the rack 7 is pressed against the side surface of the central disk knife 5, and its front edge is oblique at an acute angle to the direction of movement, and to the rear there is a rigid pipe 8, the lower end of which is located below the cutting edge of the plane-cutting lancet paw 6, but above the level p zhuschey central circular knife edge 5, wherein one end of the lancet ploskorezhuschey legs 6 facing towards the placement of the central circular knife 5, is displaced in a horizontal plane relative to the other back.

Or, to the rear end of the front of the L-shaped rack 1, the rack 7 is attached to the central disk knife 5 with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and its front edge is made in an arc with a radius equal to or greater than the radius of the central disk knife 5, and the pipe duct is rigidly fixed to its rear part 8. A plane-cutting lancet paw 6 is rigidly attached to the end of the strut 7, the cutting edge of which is located above the level of the cutting edge of the central disk knife 5, and the nose of the plane-cutting lancet paw 6 is in contact with the cutting edge of the chain a neutral circular knife 5, and behind the plane-cutting lancet paw 6 along the axis of symmetry there is a protrusion located under the duct and bent down to an acute angle to the direction of movement, or along the symmetry axis on the toe of the plane-cutting lancet paw 6 there is a recess in which the cutting edge of the central disk is located knife 5, and behind - a protrusion located under the duct, and bent down at an acute angle to the direction of movement.

Axes 9 are rigidly attached to the rear of the L-shaped rack on both sides with offset relative to each other, on which circular blades 10 of the same size are installed with a diameter smaller than that of the central circular blade 5, and their cutting edges are located at the level of the cutting edge lancet paws 6 and are equipped with teeth whose faces facing the direction of movement are made in a convex arc, while the axes 9 are offset relative to each other by a distance greater than the radius of the disk knives 10 and are deflected backwards and down motion at angles not exceeding 10 °. Brackets 11 are rigidly attached to the axes 9 behind the disk knives 10, directed back along the disk knives 10, and the fertilizer wire 12 is rigidly attached to their ends, and their length does not exceed the length of the radius of the disk knife 10, or to the ends of which the fertilizer wire 12 rigidly attached pipes, and the total length of the fertilizer line 12 and the flexible pipe does not exceed the radius of the disk knife 10.

To the front and rear parts of the L-shaped rack 1, the bracket 13 and the bracket 15 are rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to each other by a length-adjustable rod 14 equipped with a spring 16.

The roller 17 is pivotally attached to the end of the back of the L-shaped rack 1 by a leash 18, to which the bracket 19 is rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to the bracket 13 by an adjustable rod 20. The roller 17 is made with height adjustment relative to the rear of the L-shaped rack 1 by changing the length of the adjustable rod 20, and the axis of symmetry of the roller 17 coincides with the axis of symmetry of the Central disk knife 5.

The sowing section of the grain fertilizer seeder works as follows.

When lowering it to the working position, first the central disk knife 5, then the flat-cutting paw 6 and the stand 7 are immersed in the soil. The central circular knife 5 cuts the crop residues and rhizomes of weeds. The central disk knife 5 and the end of the fertilizer line 8 form a gap, where the main dose of mineral fertilizers that feeds two rows of crops (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4), or the central circular knife 5 and the protrusion of the flat-cutting lancet paws 6 form a gap (Fig. 5, Fig. 7), where the main dose of mineral fertilizers enters through the piping 8. The possible clogging by the plant residues of the space between the central disk knife 5 and the rack 7 of the planar lancet paw 6 is eliminated by pressing the rack 7 to the side surface of the central disk knife 5 (Fig. 1), or due to the interaction of the toe of the planar lancet paw 6 with the cutting edge of the central disk knife 5 (Fig. 5), or by placing the cutting edge of the central disk knife 5 in the recess of the toe of a flat-armed lancet paw 6 (Fig. 7).

The flat-cut lancet paw 6 cuts and loosens the soil at the depth of sowing. Circular knives 10, going along the densified flat-cutting lancet paw 6 of the bed, create gaps where seeds and starter fertilizer enter the fertilizer seeds 12.

Clogging of the fertilizer tubes 12 with soil is excluded due to the fact that their length is less than the radius of the disk knives 10 and the ends of the fertilizer tubes are above the soil, and the seeds and starter fertilizers are placed in the furrows formed by the disk knives, or due to the fact that the ends of the fertilizer tubes 12 are equipped with flexible nozzles , and their total length with fertilizer strings 12 is equal to or less than the radius of the disk knives 10.

Due to the fact that the axes 9 are tilted back and down by an angle not exceeding 10 °, the disk knives 10 installed on them shift the soil layer cut by the plane-cutting lancet paw 6 towards each other and form furrows, where seeds and fertilizers get along the fertilizer seed lines 12 (Fig. 8 ) After the passage of the disk knives 10, the soil, displaced by them to the center, takes its initial position, closing the formed cracks, then the soil is compacted with a roller 17.

The pressing force of the roller 17 to the soil is controlled by adjusting it in height relative to the rear of the L-shaped rack 1 by changing the length of the adjustable rod 20.

When the roller 17 is hitting an obstacle, the rear of the L-shaped rack 1, due to the hinge 2, rises up to a certain angle, compressing the spring 16 of the rod 14. After overcoming the obstacle, the spring 16 returns the rear of the L-shaped rack 1 to its original position.

The change in the depth of sowing is achieved by changing the distance between the frame of the seeder 22 and the soil surface. Variations in the resistance of the sowing section of the grain-fertilizer seeder due to increased soil hardness or changes in the depth of sowing are controlled by changing the stiffness of the spring 16. Stabilization of the depth of sowing on the microroughness of the soil is provided by a roller 17.

The presence of the sleeve 3 and the bracket 21, by means of which the sowing section of the grain seeder is attached to the frame 22, eliminates the breakdown of the central disk knife 5 and disk knives 10 when the unit moves along a curved path.

The use of this sowing section of the grain-fertilizer seeder allows to reduce energy costs by combining a number of technological operations; to improve the quality of sowing by increasing the field germination of seeds by laying them on a solid sowing bed with subsequent compaction of the soil above them; increase the efficiency of fertilizers by simultaneously applying the sowing and main doses; increase grain yield as a result of oriented placement of the main fertilizer relative to the root system.

Claims (10)

1. The sowing section of the grain-seeder seeder, including a stand with a flat-cutting lancet paw, circular knives, seed tubes, roller, characterized in that the section is equipped with a L-shaped stand having a hinge in the middle part, and the front and rear parts of the L-shaped stand are rigidly fixed brackets pivotally connected to each other by a length-adjustable rod equipped with a spring, while the upper end of the front of the L-shaped rack is equipped with a sleeve, and the front axle on which the center is mounted is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the rack a circular disk knife, and to the rear of the L-shaped rack on both sides with offset relative to each other are fixed axes on which the disk knives are mounted, and the roller is pivotally attached to the end of the L-shaped rack, while one piping is mounted behind the central disk knife and others behind disc knives mounted on the axes. 2. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack in the form of a trapezoid is rigidly attached to the axis of the central disk knife, the larger base of which is facing up, and the lower one is made in conjunction with a lancet flat-cutting paw located behind the central disk knife, and the rack is pressed against the lateral surface of the central circular knife, and its front edge is beveled at an acute angle to the direction of movement, and the pipe guide is rigidly attached to the rear, the lower end of which is located below the cutting edge minutes lancet legs but above the level of the cutting edge of the central circular cutter, one end ploskorezhuschey lancet legs facing away placement central circular cutter, shifted back in a horizontal plane relative to the other. 3. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that to the rear end of the front of the L-shaped rack behind the Central disk knife attached to the rack with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and its front edge is made in an arc of radius equal to or greater than the radius of the Central disk knife, and a tail pipe is rigidly attached to the back, while a plane-cutting lancet foot is rigidly attached to the end of the rack, the cutting edge of which is located above the level of the cutting edge of the central disk knife, the toe of the plane-cutting lancet paws in contact with the cutting edge of the central circular cutter, and the rear paws lancet along the symmetry axis a projection located under tukoprovodom and bent down at an acute angle to the direction of movement. 4. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that a rack with the possibility of longitudinal movement is attached to the rear end of the L-shaped rack behind the central disk knife, and its front edge is made in an arc with a radius equal to or greater than the radius of the central disk knife, and the pipe guide is rigidly attached to the rear, while a plane-cutting lancet foot is rigidly attached to the end of the rack, the cutting edge of which is located above the level of the cutting edge of the central disk knife, and along the axis of symmetry on the toe of the plane-cutting shot Ata leg a recess in which is located the cutting edge of the central circular cutter, and the rear - projection located under tukoprovodom and bent downward at an acute angle to the direction of movement. 5. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth are made on the cutting edge of the central disk knife, and the tooth faces facing the direction of movement are made in a convex arc. 6. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes, rigidly attached on both sides to the rear of the L-shaped rack, are offset relative to each other by a distance greater than the radius of the circular knives, and are tilted back and down by angles not exceeding 10 °. 7. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes are equipped with circular blades of the same size with a diameter smaller than that of the central circular knife, and their cutting edges are located at the level of the cutting edge of the flat-armed lancet paws and are equipped with teeth, the edges of which, facing the movement, made in a convex arc. 8. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets directed backward along the disk knives are rigidly attached to the axes behind the disk knives, and the fertilizer wire is rigidly attached to their ends, and their length does not exceed the length of the radius of the disk knife. 9. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes behind the disk knives are rigidly attached to brackets directed back along the disk knives, and the fertilizer tubes equipped with flexible nozzles are rigidly attached to their ends, and the total length of the fertilizer seed and flexible nozzle does not exceed radius of a circular knife. 10. The sowing section according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller is made with the possibility of height adjustment relative to the rear of the L-shaped rack by changing the length of the adjustable traction.

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