RU2443095C1 - Device for combined application of fertilisers (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural machine building, in particular, to equipment for application of fertilisers. The device for combined application of fertilisers comprises a disc knife, a deforming ploughshare, closers, a damper and a parallelogram mechanism. In the device in the first version the disc knife in combination with the deforming ploughshare are suspended onto the parallelogram mechanism, which makes it possible for working elements to follow the field surface. The device is equipped with damper springs for adjustment of working elements embedding value. In the device according to the second version the deforming ploughshare with a scraper are connected to the parallelogram hinge in a hinged manner as capable of oscillation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of movement, which makes it possible to form tight walls of the furrow and to clean the cutting surface of the disc knife.

EFFECT: higher soil fertility due to application of fertilisers to the specified depth, reduced water and wind erosion.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machinery for fertilizing.

To date, fertilizer application is mainly carried out by two machines: one fertilizer machine introduces, and the other closes them up. The uniformity of fertilizer application and the quality of their incorporation into the soil with this method is not guaranteed.

Studies have shown that in this case (after planting) fertilizers are concentrated in the surface layer of the soil, feeding weeds, polluting water bodies and the atmosphere, which reduces productivity, destroys the inhabitants of water bodies (VN Solovyov. Machines for applying fertilizers and pesticides to the soil Chisinau, 1990).

Numerous data of both Russian and foreign scientists indicate that fertilizers applied to the soil in liquid form are more quickly and fully absorbed by plants (Kainson A.Ya., Razygraev Yu.S. Mechanization of intra-soil nutrition of agricultural crops. M .: Kolos, 1970), therefore, the combination of applying loose and liquid fertilizers to the soil while simultaneously incorporating them into the soil in one device is relevant and economical (typical technology for using liquid fertilizers. M: Kolos, 1983).

Known passive devices for the combined application of bulk fertilizers (Mechanization of fertilizer application. M .: Kolos, 1965) are not perfect, expensive to manufacture, not reliable in operation, do not have adjustment of the depth of fertilizer application and therefore need to be improved.

A device is known for focal introduction of liquid fertilizers into the soil by the punching method (Information leaflet No. 142-8, Krasnodar TsNTI, 1984) is very difficult to manufacture, unreliable in operation due to the focal method of applying liquid fertilizers, the need for which is not justified, therefore Until now, the tape method of fertilizing is recommended.

The well-known patent SU 1804297 A3 "Device for applying liquid fertilizers to the soil" includes complex dosed channels with movable elements, rotating shafts. Such a device is costly to manufacture and operate, and therefore has not found application in agriculture.

Known patent RU 2352095 C1 "Combined unit for cultivating the soil and applying liquid organic fertilizers", which provides for the supply of liquid fertilizers through deflector nozzles to each individually installed spherical disk. Such an aggregate does not introduce liquid fertilizers to a predetermined depth into the ground, does not provide for the possibility of a dosed tape method of applying bulk fertilizers, therefore, it has not been used in production.

A known method of applying fertilizer to the soil (SU 1026691 C), including subsurface undercutting of the formation and injection of fertilizers under the formation. Such a solution is not only technically difficult, costly, but also technologically unacceptable, since the soil is being compacted due to multioperation, and the depth of fertilizer placement is uncertain.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a prototype - a combined disk-anchor coulter (RU 2249936 C1, A01C 7/20, 10/07/2003) for sowing seeds and simultaneous fertilizing, containing a flat disk mounted with an angle-anchor forging, to which are attached a pipeline for applying liquid fertilizers and a seed guide. Seed guide introduced into the opener (prototype) design is unsuccessful, since mixing seeds and fertilizers is unacceptable. When processing wet soils, the anchor bedger will clog up with soil and plant debris. The main disadvantage of the prototype is its unstable operation due to the lack of a mechanism for copying the soil, which will not allow fertilizers to be applied and covered with soil at a given depth, so it needs to be improved.

The technical and technological solution of the task is to increase environmental safety, reduce labor and equipment costs, increase fertility by applying fertilizers to a given depth and planting them in the soil according to the treated and untreated field, reducing water and wind erosion, and moisture conservation.

The essence of the invention is to simplify the design of the proposed device due to the formation of a furrow for fertilizing with a disk knife and a coulter deformer in one pass of the unit along a treated and untreated field with a tape method of filling fertilizers into the soil.

The technical result is a tape application of combined fertilizers to a predetermined depth in three versions: 1) the introduction of dry bulk fertilizers; 2) the introduction of liquid fertilizers and 3) the simultaneous application of liquid and dry loose fertilizers.

The indicated technical result is achieved by the fact that with the well-known single-disc flat coulter, which forms a gap in the soil, cutting crop residues and soil over the field, a coulter-deformer is used together, which expands the gap formed by a disk knife in the soil to a predetermined width and depth by the method of deformation.

Due to the fact that the coulter-deformer expands the gap formed by the circular knife, the walls of the furrow are compacted and the furrow becomes available for receiving both liquid and dry fertilizers. The profile (cross-section) of the coulter-deformer must correspond to the cross-section of the furrow with a width sufficient to introduce the specified fertilizer rate. In order to minimize furrow width (in order to save costs), pipelines for dry fertilizers should be elliptical.

When liquid fertilizers (dehydrogenated ammonia NH ₃ ) are introduced into the soil, it is necessary to close the furrow immediately after its application to prevent gas losses. To this end, the coulter-deformer should oscillate in a vertical plane and should be installed close to the disk knife, and spring-loaded earthing should drop the topsoil into the furrow. A circular knife that cuts plant debris and soil must be cleaned with a cleaner of moist soil, adhering plants. At the same time, the edge of the disk (like the entire disk) due to constantly changing resistance to cutting soil and plants can move across the direction of movement. Therefore, to prevent jamming during the formation of a furrow, an oscillating coulter with a scraper will facilitate the expansion (wedging) and compaction of the walls of the furrow.

The oscillation effect also contributes to a better passage of dry fertilizers through the piping.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - design of the device for combined fertilizer application (side view).

Figure 2 is a section aa of the device for combined fertilizer application.

Figure 3 is a kinematic diagram of a device for combined fertilizer application.

Figure 4 - opener-deformer device for combined fertilizer application.

Figure 5 - technological design of the nodes of the device for combined fertilization.

The possibility of applying the claimed invention is as follows: in contrast to the known analogues, the combined combination of working bodies - a disk knife with a coulter deformer is simple in design, reliably forms a furrow with dense walls, and combined fertilizers are applied and filled up to a predetermined depth. This is facilitated by a new parallelogram linkage of the working bodies with a mechanism that copies the unevenness of the soil, and a device for oscillating the coulter-deformer.

A device for combined fertilizer application (Figs. 1-5), the device further includes a frame 1, a caliper of a device 2 with a cover 3, a caliper of a section of a device 4, an upper 5 and a lower 6 thrust of a parallelogram linkage, an arm of a disk knife 7, a fork 8 with a disk knife 9, the coulter-deformer bracket 10, the coulter-deformer 11, the damper 12, the pivot pin 13, the swing axis 14.

The caliper of the device 2 is welded box-shaped, at the bottom of which a sleeve 15 is welded. The caliper of the section of the device 4 is also welded box-shaped, the sleeve 16 is welded to its sidewall. Both bushings 15, 16, and therefore the calipers 2 and 4 are connected to each other by a pin 13 the pin 17 and the stopper 18 is fixed in the caliper section of the device 4. To lubricate the pivot pin 13 in the bushings 15,16 installed grease nipples 19 (figure 2).

The main working bodies of the device is a disk knife 9 with two-sided sharpening of the working edge with an opening angle α and the opener-deformer 11.

Two-sided sharpening of the working edges of the disk knife 9 allows you to open the furrow with a two-sided shift along the axis of the furrow (Fig.1 and 5).

The circular knife 9 is bolted to the hub 20, rotating on closed ball bearings and installed by nuts in the groove of the fork 8.

The fork 8 is pivotally connected to the rods 5,6 of the parallelogram linkage, allowing the working bodies 9 and 11 to always be parallel to the plane of the frame 1.

The swing axis 14, attached to the fork 8 and pivotally connected (via brackets 7, 10) to the opener-deformer 11, allows the latter to oscillate in the vertical plane, adapting together with the scraper 23 to the vibrations of the disk knife 9 in the transverse plane from the effects of vegetation and soil when cutting (formation of a gap). Such a design is held on the swing axis 14 by a castellated nut 21, and the oscillation amplitude is regulated by a bolt 22.

Behind the circular knife 9 is attached to the bracket 7 opener-deformer 11 with a radius of pairing R, providing a contactless gap Δ (Fig.3 and 1). The opener-defomator 11 cast, variable cross-section with adjusting grooves (figure 4).

In the lower front part of the opener-deformer 11, a scraper 23 is attached with a pin, which with its groove covers the cutting part of the disk knife 9 with a gap (Figs. 1, 3, 4). For loosening the bottom of the furrow from the bottom of the opener of the deformer 11 at an acute angle to the direction of movement placed at a height of h ₁ to h _n teeth (Fig.4, 5).

The piping 24 using clamps 26 and bolts 27, 28 with nuts is attached to the coulter-deformer 11 having a vertical groove 29 for adjusting the depth of fertilizer application (Figs. 1, 4, 5).

The supply of liquid fertilizers is carried out through the gas pipeline 30, in the lower part of which there are openings, and its end face is plugged, which excludes the ingress of soil from the furrow bed (Figs. 1, 3).

The gas pipeline 30 is installed with the lower end into the clamp of the oil pipe 25, and in the upper part it is fastened by an arm 31 with bolts 32 to the grooves of the clamps 26. The presence of longitudinal grooves on the clamps 25 and 26 allows you to adjust the depth of liquid fertilizer application.

Clamps 33 and 34 are attached to the clamps 26, which, when the unit moves with working edges, bring down the soil and close the fertilizer in the furrow.

To compensate for irregularities in the soil surface, the device is equipped with a damper 12, including a rod 35, an external 36 and an internal 37 damper springs, a guide nut 38 and an adjusting screw 39.

The damper springs 36 and 37 have opposite winding directions, which eliminates jamming of the damper 12, and the presence of a nut 38 and a screw 39 allows you to adjust the force of this mechanism, ensuring copying of the field surface.

A device for combined fertilization works as follows. With the steady movement of the unit, a circular knife 9 together with a coulter-deformer cut a furrow. The weight of the device and the compression force of the turns of the springs 36, 37 of the damper 12 is perceived by the working bodies — the disk knife 9 and the coulter-deformer 11, while copying the relief of the field. The cutting edges of the disk 9 are cut in the longitudinally vertical plane of the plant residues and soil (figure 5). Due to the greater thickness (in comparison with the disk knife 9) of the opener-deformer 11, a furrow is opened and formed, which is cut from the vibrations, vibration and friction with compacted walls. The bottom of the furrow for better contact with fertilizers is loosened with teeth mounted below the opener-deformer. Through fertilizer pipe 24 of ellipse section from the dispensers, dry fertilizers are fed and laid through the side walls to the bottom of the furrow, and liquid fertilizers are fed into the furrow through the gas pipeline 30 of circular cross section. Zagartachi 33, 34 fertilizers are covered with soil. Soil buildup is excluded by scrapers 23 with an appropriate profile.

When transferring fertilizer incorporation from one depth to another, it is necessary to install the coulter-deformer 11 to a predetermined depth by moving along the grooves 29 of the coulter-deformer.

Claims (8)

1. A device for combined fertilizer application, including a circular knife, a coulter-deformer, harvesters, characterized in that the circular knife in conjunction with the coulter-deformer are hung in a vertical plane on a parallelogram mechanism that allows the working bodies to copy the surface of the field with the possibility of rotation on the support vertical shaft and damper springs to adjust the depth of the working bodies. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for uniformity of stroke of the circular knife in depth, it is spring loaded. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a damper. 4. A device for combined fertilizer application, including a circular knife, a coulter-deformer, and coilers, characterized in that the coulter-deformer with a scraper is connected to the parallelogram hinge pivotally with the possibility of its oscillation in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement in order to form compacted walls of the furrow and cleaning the cutting surface of the circular knife. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the opener-deformer is made wider than the width of the capture of the disk knife, and its working surface is made with a radius equal to the radius of the disk knife plus a gap for its free rotation. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the fertilizer line and gas pipeline are adjustable in depth of fertilizing regardless of the circular knife, opener-deformer and from each other, the cross-section of the duct to increase the live section, with a narrow groove gap, is elliptical. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it has a swing axis, allowing the working bodies to oscillate in a vertical plane. 8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that for loosening the bottom of the furrow, the coulter-deformer has at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the teeth placed at different heights.

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