RU2807711C1 - Device for applying mineral fertilizers with simultaneous hilling of root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the equipment for applying mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling root crops. The device includes a frame with a parallelogram linkage and a wheel that regulates the depth of the working body. A mineral fertilizer hopper with fertilizer pipes for applying fertilizers in two rows in close proximity to the root system of root crops and two concave outward spherical disks with scrapers are installed on the frame. The disks are located relative to each other at an angle of 70-80 degrees, at a distance of 90-110 cm.

EFFECT: invention ensures the application of mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling root crops.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to the intrasoil application of mineral fertilizers in the process of hilling root tuber crops and can be used in potato cultivation.

A known working body is a hiller, containing a curved stand with a paw and blades made in the form of tiered rods, one end of each rod is bent in an L-shape and placed in a rubber shock absorber. This device is designed for hilling rocky soils, breaking up all the unevenness with rods and forming two dumps. Rubber shock absorbers soften impacts on the hiller structure, thereby creating uniform coverage of plants. (RU 2 313 204 C1, IPC A01B 13/02 (2006.01), published on December 27, 2007 Bulletin No. 36).

The disadvantage of such a working body is the high soil resistance during operation, and there is also no possibility of simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers.

A tool for hilling plants is known, containing a frame with support wheels and milling working parts mounted on it, a gable reflector placed between them, harrows and pitched boards. The main purpose of the device is to lift the soil from a row of plants, crush it and distribute the resulting mass into fractions, the main, small fraction is immediately poured into the row, the middle one crumbles after processing and the large one ends up under the harrows. The working body of the hilling is located directly above the row of plants, and not in the aisle. (RU 2350058 C1, IPC A01B 13/02 (2006.01), A01B 39/12 (2006.01), published 03.27.2009 Bulletin No. 9).

The disadvantage of such a tool is that it is difficult to manufacture and operate, and there is no possibility of simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. The location of the device above the row limits its work with plants with thick and tall tops.

A disk hiller is known, which consists of spherical disks symmetrically mounted on vertical stands with concave sides facing each other. The furrow-forming discs are mounted to the body in such a way that it is possible to make extensive adjustments to the angle of attack and the width of the working elements. Its design involves the location of the device directly above the row of plants, and not in the space between the rows; the cutting discs are located at the same level, relative to the axis of the row. (RU 2547923 C1, IPC A01B 13/02 (2006.01), published 04/10/2015 Bulletin No. 10).

This hiller was chosen as a prototype due to the greatest similarity of designs.

However, in this hiller, the disks are located with concave sides facing each other, therefore, there is a possibility of high tops getting jammed during operation, the absence of cleaning devices on the spherical disks indicates that the soil is wrapped around the working parts at high humidity, and there is also no possibility of simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers.

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the yield of root tuber crops, high-quality ridge formation, reducing energy costs and preserving the green mass of plants.

The technical result obtained by implementing the invention consists in the intrasoil application of mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling the plants, creating a high-quality ridge and preventing the soil from wrapping on disks at high humidity.

The technical result is achieved by a device that includes a frame with a parallelogram linkage and a wheel that regulates the depth of the working body. A mineral fertilizer hopper with fertilizer pipes is installed on the frame for applying fertilizers in two rows in close proximity to the root system of root crops, and two spherical disks concave outward with scrapers. The disks are located relative to each other at an angle of 70-80 degrees, at a distance of 90 - 110 cm.

This device consists of a frame 1, a parallelogram linkage 2, two spherical concave disks 3, scrapers 4, a mineral fertilizer hopper 5, fertilizer pipes 6, an adjusting wheel 7, a beam 8.

Figure 1 shows a general view of the device for applying mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling root crops; figure 2 side view of the device; figure 3 front view of the device; figure 4 top view of the device; Figure 5: method of applying mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling root and tuber crops.

The proposed hiller, with a parallelogram linkage 2, is rigidly fixed to the beam 8. A mineral fertilizer hopper 5 is installed on the frame 1, with fertilizer pipes 6 and two spherical concave, adjustable disks 3 (located at a certain angle relative to the axis of the working body) with scrapers 4. Adjustment wheel 7 designed to change the depth of the working body (figure 1).

The operating principle of the working body is as follows. The adjusting wheel 7, set to a certain depth, breaks up clods of soil in the path of the device and allows the working body to stay in the soil at a constant depth. Parallelogram linkage 2 carries out parallel movement of the device relative to the horizontal plane. From the hopper 5, mineral fertilizers, through fertilizer pipes 6, are supplied to the immediate vicinity of the root system of tuber crops in two rows an instant before the passage of the spherical disks 3 and the formation of ridges. Adjustable spherical disks are located at an angle of 70-80 degrees (figure 4) and at a distance of 90 - 110 cm relative to each other (figure 2). Scrapers 4 are designed to prevent soil and discs from wrapping up during periods of high humidity.

Figure 5 shows a method for applying mineral fertilizers while simultaneously hilling root crops using the device. The row spacing bр is 90 cm, the adjusting wheel of the working body moves along the soil in the middle, between the rows of root tuber crops 1 (figure 5a). Mineral fertilizers 2 are applied through the fertilizer pipe, in close proximity to the roots, at a distance bk equal to 5 cm, on the right side of the row (figure 5b). Next, the right spherically concave disk moves the soil from the boundary to a row of plants, thereby forming a ridge bmp, the width of which is 55 cm (figure 5c). Then mineral fertilizers are applied to the left relative to the row of plants at a distance bk equal to 5 cm symmetrically to the right fertilizer rate (Figure 5d). The last action of this method is to cover it with soil, mineral fertilizers, hill up the left side of the row, and create a ridge with the left spherical concave disk (figure 5d). The result is a double-sided comb of a spherical shape, width Hp, which is 90 cm.

Timely intrasoil application of mineral fertilizers in close proximity to the root system of plants will ensure their stable nutrition with the necessary elements (during the hilling period, when there is a direct gain of both green and root mass), which in turn will affect the overall development of the crop and ultimately to increase productivity. The placement of adjustable spherical disks at an angle of 70-80 degrees and a distance of 90 - 110 mm between them will ensure a reduction in traction resistance, and therefore a reduction in energy costs, and high-quality formation of ridges. The design features of the proposed device, namely the fact that the hiller moves along the row spacing, will ensure that the device works with plants with both poorly developed and highly developed green mass, since the structure will not pass over a row of plants, and therefore its safety will be ensured.

The proposed device will ensure an increase in productivity through timely intrasoil feeding of root crops with nutrients with high-quality formation of ridges (hilling process). By installing spherical disks in such a way that the ridges are formed outside (and not inside the device), the green mass of plants will be more protected from the structure of the installation (the plants will not be damaged by the frame and other parts of the installation). Scrapers, spherically concave discs, will prevent soil from wrapping when humidity rises. The design features of the device will reduce energy costs and improve the quality of the formed ridges.

Claims (1)

A device for simultaneous application of fertilizers and hilling, including a frame with a parallelogram linkage and a wheel that regulates the depth of the working body; a mineral fertilizer hopper with fertilizer pipes for applying fertilizers in two rows in close proximity to the root system of root crops and two concave outward spherical disks with scrapers are installed on the frame, in this case, the disks are located relative to each other at an angle of 70-80 degrees, at a distance of 90-110 cm.