RU2315458C2 - Apparatus for forming and laying of soil fractions in direct drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, direct drilling equipment used for drilling without preliminary soil tillage.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has carrier system to which are pivotally coupled by means of spring-loaded carriers flat flanged disks and toothed disks. Flat disks are set forward of and between toothed disks. Apparatus comprises hoe with mellowing members positioned on tine. At rear side of tine there is seed guide equipped with seed scattering devices positioned under hoe. Seed reservoir is placed above hoe. V-shaped leveler is fixed on tine. Rearward of leveler there is mulching device and compactor with mechanism for regulating pressure applied to soil top layer.

EFFECT: increased uniformity of embedding seeds throughout seeding depth.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the formation and stacking of fractions of the soil in direct sowing.

A device is known by A.S. SU No. 1523066, MKI A01B 49/02 publ. 03.23.88, containing the hinged part, the frame on which the paw, disks, rollers, support wheels are mounted.

The disadvantages of the known device include the fact that during operation there is a clogging of the space between the working bodies, soil and crop residues, unsatisfactory quality of the creation of a compacted bed for seeds.

The device of the invention according to claim 2 of the formula according to patent RU 2126391 class. A01B 49/06 publ. 01/10/2001, including the carrier system, discs, rack, paw, seed container and diffuser.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low-quality formation of small crumbling fractions of the soil in the upper layer, crushing of crop residues, uneven density of the soil above the seeds in the longitudinal direction, uneven formation of the mulching layer and significantly high ridging of the soil surface.

The objective of the proposed device is to improve the quality of formation and stacking of fractions of the soil with direct sowing. To solve the problem in the proposed device, the support system is pivotally connected through spring-loaded leashes with flat disks equipped with flanges and gear disks, and flat disks are installed in front between the gear disks, and from the back of the leg stand and rippers there is a seed tube with seed diffusers under the leg, above which set the container for seeds; The V-shaped equalizer is mounted on a rack and has a working body for mulching, and the seal is equipped with a mechanism for regulating the pressure on the topsoil.

The connection of the bearing system through spring-loaded leashes with flat disks equipped with flanges ensures constant contact of the flange of the disk with the surface of the treated soil, which makes it possible to obtain a constant depth of incision of the formation for the formation of a fuzzy soil fraction.

The location of the flat discs in front of the toothed and between them contributes not only to the formation of a fraction of the soil of a given size less than the size between the flat discs, but also self-cleaning them from adhering soil and overhanging stems of crop residues.

The design of the paws and rippers on the back of the rack, between which there is a seed tube with a seed diffuser under the paw and above which a seed container is placed, provides a compact arrangement of actuating elements and reduces the metal consumption of the device structure.

Installation and fastening of a V-shaped equalizer with a mulching organ improves the quality of laying the fractions of soil over the seeds.

The design of the compactor with a mechanism for regulating the pressure on the topsoil increases the contact of seeds with moist soil.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 is a diagram of a device for the formation and stacking of fractions of the soil in direct sowing (side view); figure 2 - two-track disk battery with flat and serrated disks.

The proposed device contains a carrier system 1; leashes 2 and 3; springs 4, flat and gear disks 5 and 6; flange 7; spherical teeth 8; rack 9; paw 10; rippers 11; a container for seeds with vas deferens 12 and a diffuser, a V-shaped equalizer 13; a working body 14 for mulching and a compactor 15 with a mechanism 16, 17 for regulating the pressure on the top soil layer (Figs. 1 and 2).

The carrier system 1 with disks 5 and 6 of a two-track battery is pivotally connected through leashes 2 and 3 and additionally connected through springs 4. Flat disks 5 have flanges 7 to limit the depth of travel. Toothed disks 6 are provided with spherical teeth 8. The concavity of the teeth is directed to its longitudinal axis to form a soil fraction in the form of prisms. Flat discs 5 are located in front between the gear discs 6. On the carrier system 1 there is a seed container mounted above the paw 10 with rippers 11 on a rack 9, on the back of which there is a seed tube 12 with a seed diffuser under the paw 10, and above the paw 10 there is a container for seeds.

Behind these working bodies there is a V-shaped equalizer 13 mounted on a stand 9, a working body for mulching and a compactor 15 with a regulation mechanism 16 and 17 to reduce (increase) the pressure on the topsoil. Mechanisms 16 and 17 are installed on the rear of the carrier system and ensure the reliability of its connection and the smoothness of the seal during operation.

The device operates as follows.

When moving in a recessed position, the discs 5 divide the treated area into strips. The depth of travel of the flat discs 5 is limited by the flanges 7. The soil of the strips is treated with gear discs 6, which form soil prisms with spherical teeth 8 (FIG. 2). The formation of soil prisms occurs not only due to the rotation of the discs and their movement across the field, but also due to the fact that the teeth 8 are made spherical. Therefore, after the introduction of spherical teeth 8 into the soil due to their rotation and movement, they tear off part of the soil in the form of a prism from the monolith, displace it and lay it between the incisions. It should be noted that during the operation of disks 5 and 6 in the soil of various hardness, disk vibrations occur - this increases the formation of fine-grained fractions of the soil, especially its top layer. Paw 10 cuts a layer of soil at a set depth. Vertical cultivators 11 divide the formation from below in a transverse vertical plane into smaller fractions. The treated layer along the working plane of the paw 10, rises, and the seeds from the seed tank through the vas deferens 12 are fed into the formed space under the paw, and the diffuser distributes the seeds along the even surface of the undercut to the width of the paw 10. The fine-grained soil fractions V coming from the working surface of the paw 10 -shaped equalizer 13 evenly distributes over the seeds. The working bodies 14 mulch the soil of the upper layer above the seeding. Seals 15 condense the loosened soil layer, increasing the contact of the seeds both with moist soil below the undercut and with the fine-grained structural soil of the loosened layer. During operation, the reliability of the contact of seeds with the soil is provided by mechanisms 16 and 17 regulating the pressure of the seals 15 on the upper layer.

Claims (1)

A device for the formation and stacking of soil fractions during direct sowing, comprising a support system to which flat disks with flanges and gear disks are articulated through spring-loaded leads, and flat disks are installed in front between the gear disks; a paw with rippers on the stand, on the back of which there is a seed tube with seed diffusers under the paw, and above the paw is a seed container; V-shaped leveler mounted on a stand, a working body for mulching and a compactor with a mechanism for regulating the pressure on the top soil layer.

Images