RU2297126C1 - Tillage-sowing complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, technique for simultaneous tillage of soil, sowing and application of fertilizer.

SUBSTANCE: tillage-sowing complex has bearing systems, fertilizer drill, hoes, front leveler, compaction device, boxes for fertilizers and seeds, seed ducts, carrier wheels, drive and control mechanisms. Disk batteries are arranged in two tracks on front bearing system, forward of tractor, under box of fertilizer drill. Batteries are pivotally connected with bearing system through carriers and are additionally joined therewith through springs. Flat disks of battery are equipped with flanges and are arranged forward of and between toothed disks. Seed box is mounted rearward of tractor on second bearing system, above hoes. Seed ducts with spreaders are provided at rear side of tine, on hoes. Front leveler has comb and leveling members arranged in \ / pattern. Front leveler is rigidly connected to tine so as to move in vertical plane. Compaction device with mechanism for regulating contacting of seeds with soil is pivotally connected to rear transverse bar of bearing system.

EFFECT: improved seed embedding quality as to seed embedding depth in straight drilling.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to complexes for direct sowing with the simultaneous execution of a number of operations for soil cultivation, seeding and fertilizing.

Known combined tillage and sowing unit / 1, 2 /, including a frame, a bale, support wheels, adjustment mechanisms, disk batteries, flat-cutting narrow gripping openers, a platen drum - roller, seed box, drive mechanism for sowing devices seed tubes (analogue).

A disadvantage of the known combined tillage-sowing unit is the unsatisfactory formation of a fine-grained soil structure with optimal density over the seeds of the upper layer, namely: its surface is wavy, which leads to the formation of an uneven layer thickness over the seeds.

Known tillage and sowing complex / 3 /, including bearing systems, fertilizer seeder, paws, frontal leveler, boxes for fertilizer and seeds, seed tubes, support wheels, drive and control mechanisms.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the unsatisfactory placement of nodes and working bodies on the bearing systems of the complex, poor loosening of the top soil layer, uneven seed germination, uneven placement of fine-grained soil fractions along the seed sowing width, and the absence of a mechanism for regulating the pressure on the soil to create the best contact between seeds of different s. s. cultures.

The task of the invention is the uniformity of seed placement in depth complexes.

- образным выравнивателем, жестко соединенным со стойкой с возможностью перемещения по вертикали, при этом к заднему поперечному брусу несущей системы шарнирно присоединен уплотнитель с механизмом регулирования контакта семян с почвой.To eliminate the shortcomings and solve the problem, on the front carrier system in front of the tractor under the box of the fertilizer seeder there are two tracks of disk batteries pivotally connected to the carrier system through leashes and additionally connected with it by springs, flat battery disks have flanges and are located in front and between the gear disks and behind the tractor, a seed box is mounted on the second carrier system, located above the legs with seed tubes with diffusers on the back of the rack, and a front equalizer made with comb and equipped

- a shaped equalizer, rigidly connected to the stand with the ability to move vertically, while a sealant with a mechanism for regulating the contact of seeds with soil is pivotally attached to the rear transverse beam of the supporting system.

The installation on the front system in front of the tractor under the box of the fertilizer seeder in two tracks of disc batteries contributes to a better loosening of the soil, but also provides a compact arrangement of nodes and tools on the front carrier system.

The hinged connection of the batteries with the carrier system and their additional connection with springs allows to increase the uniformity of the disk travel along the processing depth.

The location of the flat disks with flanges in front and between the toothed disks increases the cutting of the formation in the upper layer of fine-grained fractions of the soil in the form of prisms that reliably close up fertilizers and seeds.

Installation behind the tractor on the second carrier system of the seed box, located above the paws with seed tubes with diffusers on the back, reduces the path of the seeds from the box to the diffusers, which reduces the damage to the seeds and increases their germination.

- образным расположением выравнивателей обеспечивает не только более равномерную укладку фракций почвы по ширине захвата лапы, но и производит мульчирование верхнего слоя.Performing a frontal equalizer with a comb and with

- the figurative arrangement of levelers provides not only a more uniform stacking of soil fractions along the width of the paw, but also mulches the upper layer.

Moving the rack and seed tubes with diffusers makes it possible to sow various seeds of cultivated agricultural crops. crops to their optimum depth.

The hinged attachment of the sealant with the regulation mechanism makes it possible to ensure constant pressure on the soil and to regulate this pressure, creating the best contact of the seeds with the soil.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: figure 1 - complex (side view) for the joint execution of individual operations; figure 2 - the technological process of tillage and sowing complex; figure 3 - battery disks located in two tracks (side view); figure 4 - paw Assembly (side view); 5 is a diagram of the simultaneous, sequential implementation of the proposed complex of agrotechnical methods in the tillage and sowing.

-образно расположенные выравниватели 23, уплотнитель 24, механизм регулирования 25.The tillage and sowing complex includes a front support system 1, fertilizer seeder 2, frontal leveler 3, boxes 4, 5 for fertilizers and seeds, seed tube 6, support wheels 7, drive mechanisms 8 and control 9 of tractor 10, battery discs 11, 12 of the first and the second track, leashes 13, springs 14, flat disks 15, flanges 16, gear disks 17, second carrier system 18, legs 19, rack 20, diffuser 21, comb 22,

-shaped equalizers 23, seal 24, control mechanism 25.

-образно расположенными выравнивателями 23. Уплотнитель 24 с механизмом регулирования 25 установлен на задней части несущей системы 18.In front of the tractor is the carrier system 1, and behind the carrier system 18. The carrier system 1 with disks 15, 17 of two-track batteries 11, 12 is pivotally connected through leashes 13 and additionally connected through springs 14. Flat disks 15 are equipped with flanges 16 to limit the depth of travel, and discs 17 are provided with spherical teeth for the formation of fine fractions of soil fractions. Flat discs 15 are located in front between the gear discs 17. On the carrier system 18 is located above the paws 19 box 5, and on the back of the rack 20 - seed tube 6 with diffusers 21 seeds under the paw 19 and rippers. Behind these working bodies, a frontal equalizer 3 mounted on a rack 20 with a comb 22 for mulching, equipped with

-shaped equalizers 23. The seal 24 with the regulation mechanism 25 is installed on the rear of the carrier system 18.

The complex works as follows.

-образно расположенные выравниватели равномерно распределяют фракции почвы над семенами. Гребенка 22 мульчирует почву верхнего слоя выше заделки семян. Уплотнитель 24 подуплотняет взрыхленный слой почвы, повышая контакт семян как с влажной почвой ниже подреза, так и с мелкозернистой структурной почвой разрыхленного слоя. Надежность контакта семян с почвой регулируется механизмом 25 давления уплотнителя 24 на взрыхленный слой.First, the fertilizer seeder 2 makes fertilizer in front of the batteries 11, 12. When driving in the buried position, the disks 15 divide the processed section into strips. The depth of stroke of the disks 15 is limited by the flanges 16. The soil of the strips is treated with disks 17, which form soil prisms. Since when the disks 15, 17 work in the soil of different hardness, oscillations of the axes of the disks occur, which are transmitted to the springs 14. This increases the formation of a fine-grained soil structure in the upper layer. Paw 19 cuts the formation in a horizontal plane at a depth of (a). Vertical cultivators divide the bottom layer in the transverse vertical plane into small fractions. The treated layer along the working plane of the paw 19 rises and the seeds from the box 5 are fed into the formed sub-silt space through the vas deferens 6 and in it the diffusers 21 evenly distribute the seeds.

- shaped levelers evenly distribute the fractions of the soil over the seeds. Comb 22 mulch the soil of the upper layer above the seeds. The compactor 24 seals the loosened soil layer, increasing the contact of the seeds with moist soil below the undercut, and with the fine-grained structural soil of the loosened layer. The reliability of the contact of seeds with soil is regulated by the mechanism 25 of the pressure of the seal 24 on the loosened layer.

With this sequence, the implementation of agrotechnical operations simultaneously in one pass of the proposed complex produces better seed placement in depth with direct sowing.

Information sources

1. Bakhtin P.U. The problem of tillage. - M.: Knowledge, 1969, p. 60.

2. Rykov VB and others. Combined tillage and sowing unit KPPA-4. Indus L. No. 32-99 SGP VNIIPTIM ESH. Zvenigorod, 1999.

3. Doganovsky M.G. et al. Test results of combined tillage and sowing units in the North-West of the RSFSR. VIM Proceedings, Combining Operations in Watering, vol. 56. - M .: Kolos, 1974, p. 51-59.

Claims (1)

Tillage and sowing complex, including bearing systems, fertilizer seeder, paws, frontal leveler, compactor, boxes for fertilizer and seeds, seed tubes, support wheels, drive and control mechanisms, characterized in that on the front carrier system in front of the tractor under the fertilizer seeder box are installed in two tracks the disk batteries pivotally connected to the carrier system through leashes and additionally connected with springs, flat battery disks have flanges and are located in front and between the gear disks, and behind the truck a torus, a seed box is mounted on the second carrier system, located above the paws, having seed tubes with diffusers on the back of the rack, and the frontal leveler is made with a comb, equipped with

-shaped levelers and rigidly connected to the rack with the ability to move vertically, while a sealant with a mechanism for regulating the contact of seeds with soil is pivotally attached to the rear transverse beam of the carrier system.

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