RU2569630C2 - Sowing section of anchor type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to the tools for planting crops. The sowing section of anchor type comprises a frame (2) with a bracket (1) rigidly attached to it and a hingedly attached flap (3). In the upper part of flap (3) at its outer side a flat spring (4) is rigidly attached. At the inner side of the flap (3) a rod (5) with a spring (6) is pivotally mounted. In the rear part of the flap (3) there are left and right ledges (14) bent down at an angle of 90°. The curvature lines of the ledges (14) are arranged at an acute angle to the direction of movement. The end (15) of the flap (3) is bent downwards at an acute angle relative to the horizontal. The upper end of the rod (5) is placed in the hole formed in the bracket (1). The upper end of the spring (6) is in contact with the bracket (1). The guide bar (7) with the anchor (8) placed in it is fixedly secured to the flap (3) below the hingedly attached rod (5). On the side of the upper part of the guide bar (7), a groove is made, on both sides of which the cheeks (10) are rigidly fixed, having two-armed lever (11) mounted between them. The lower end of the anchor (8) is closed with the stopper (9) and placed in the opening in the flap (3) and the opening at the end of the flat spring (4). The upper end of the anchor (8) is mounted in contact with fertiliser-drill tube (13) connected to the bracket (1). In the upper part the anchor (8) and the front end of two-armed lever (11) are pivotally connected in the cheeks (10). In the cheeks (10) the openings (12) radially formed. In the front end of the two-armed lever the opening is made coaxially with the openings (12).

EFFECT: constructive solution is aimed at improvement of the technological reliability of the process of sowing at increased soil moisture content and the presence in it of crop residues, as well as ease of the structure.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for sowing grain crops, and can be used on grain fertilizer seeders.

Known combination coulter [SU 1757503 A1, 5 A01C 7/20; 08/30/1992], designed to provide a given depth of seed placement and sowing fertilizer. The coulter contains a housing with a vas deferens, installed with a blunt angle of convergence of the narrator, made in the form of a sharp self-sharpening knife equipped with openings. Wrist cover - the knife is rigidly fixed in front of the frame, consisting of two sidewalls. In the back of the frame behind the vas deferens there is a packer roller. The frame is hinged to the opener body and has freedom of swing, the value of which is determined by the limiter of the swing angle. The coulter is pivotally connected to the frame of the grain seeder by means of a serial leash.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of elements that ensure the cleaning of the anchor from plant debris and soil, the sowing depth is not controlled, as well as significant material consumption and design complexity.

Known combined disk-anchor opener [SU 1273005 A1, 4 A01C 7/20; 11/30/1986], intended for sowing crops. The coulter contains a housing with a mounting unit for the seeder opener to the lead of the seeder, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and a directional guide. The coulter is equipped with a pipeline for local liquid fertilizer application, a section of spring harrow teeth attached to the upper part of the guide rod, and an anchor-bed forger. An anchor-layer consists of two sidewalls, one of which is the outer one, made in the form of a vertical wall bent at an angle, stretched along the outer, relative to the disk side of the guide rail with rotation of its front removable part - the scraper shield at an angle equal to or less than the soil friction angle on the work surface before touching the disc. The rear part of the sidewall of the bed anchor is extended in the longitudinal direction behind the seed guide, forming one of its cheeks, to which the liquid fertilizer pipe and seed diffuser are attached with its working part installed under the guide tube. Another sidewall of the anchor-bed former - the inner one - is located between the seventh guide with the upper part attached to it and the disk with its extension along its trace to the level of the outer sidewall, forming the second cheek of the anchor-bed former. The disadvantage of this design is: the lack of elements that compact the soil above the seeds, the sowing depth, the complexity of the design are not controlled.

Known universal disk-anchor opener [RU 2464764 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 10.27.2012]. The coulter is designed for sowing agricultural cultures. The coulter is a block of two coulters attached to the planter frame by means of a parallelogram mechanism. A T-bracket with a horizontal cross member and a vertical strut is rigidly attached to the lower part of the rear link of the mechanism. Two coulter bodies are attached to the ends of the bracket cross by means of elastic elements. A flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, a seventh guide and an anchor bed forger with external and internal sidewalls are mounted on the body. Left-side and right-side openers with flat discs are mounted symmetrically in the unit, with mirror symmetry about the longitudinal axis. On the vertical strut of the T-shaped bracket located under the rear link of the mechanism, a depth limiter is installed, made in the form of a copying wheel of atmospheric pressure with the possibility of adjusting it in height in accordance with a predetermined seed placement depth. Between the front and upper links of the parallelogram mechanism (suspension), a spring is installed that provides the necessary pressure to deepen the coulters. The disadvantage of this design is: the lack of structural elements that ensure the cleaning of the surfaces of the anchor bedger from adhering soil and plant debris, copying of the microrelief of the soil is carried out for the block of coulters, and not for each coulter separately, the complexity of the design does not compact the soil over the seeds.

Known combined disk-anchor opener [RU 2450500 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 05/20/2012]. Combined disk-anchor opener contains a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor bed forger with outer and inner sidewalls and a guide rail. By means of a hinge and a leash, an attachment for sowing small-seeded crops, which consists of two tubular openers, is attached to the body. The tubular coulter is a seven-tube, along the front wall of which there is a oral furrower. A block of two tubular openers connected through a leash and a hinge to the housing is located symmetrically relative to it behind the disk-anchor opener, that is, the tubular openers are located on both sides of the disk-anchor opener at the same distance from it, equal to half the main specified row spacing. Tubular coulters are installed with a blunt angle of entry into the soil within 105 ... 110 °, which contributes to the compaction of the sowing bed, as well as technological reliability. The attachment lead is placed in a slit-like guide on the housing with the possibility of moving relative to the hinge in the vertical plane "up-down" and without the possibility of horizontal deviation. The downward movement of the leash is limited by the upper surface of the body, and the upward movement is limited by the guide pin. Near the guide, the leash is equipped with elastic elements, for example a spring, with which a predetermined seed placement depth is maintained.

The disadvantage of this design is: the lack of structural elements that control the required depth of seed placement, cleaning tubular coulters and anchors from adhering soil and plant debris, soil compaction over seeds, design complexity.

Known combined disk-anchor opener [RU 2435355 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 12/10/2011], comprising a housing with a mount to attach it to the lead of the drill coulter, a flat disk mounted axially at an angle to the direction of movement, the anchor a bed forger with outer and inner sides, a seed guide, the lower part of which is made in the form of an expanded bell with a sowing slot at the base, serves as a distributor. At the bottom of the distributor socket, guide elements are installed that ensure the distribution of seeds over the entire section of the sowing slit during their execution between the sides on the seed. Behind the seed gap between the sidewalls, a protective visor is mounted in a vertically transverse plane pivotally attached to the rear wall of the guide rail, above the distributor visor on the springs there is a pivoting joint, which is a multi-link link consisting of a rocker arm, to the ends of which two plates are pivotally attached at an angle of no more than angle of soil friction on the work surface.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of elements that ensure the cleaning of the anchor from plant debris, and adhering soil, the sowing depth, the complexity of the design are not controlled.

The objective of the invention is to increase the technological reliability of the sowing process with increased soil moisture and the presence of plant residues in it by cleaning the anchor; improving technical reliability due to the simplicity of the design.

The essence of the invention will be clear from the following description of the device and the drawings.

Figure 1 - sowing section, side view.

Figure 2 - sowing section, top view.

Figure 3 - anchor, bottom view.

The sowing section of the anchor type consists of a bracket 1, rigidly attached to the frame 2, to which a flap 3, made in an arc, is pivotally attached, and the bulge is turned in the direction of movement. In the upper part of the shield 3, on its outer side, a flat spring 4 is rigidly fixed, made in an arc of radius greater than the shield 3, and an opening is made at its end. And on the inner side of the flap 3, a rod 5 equipped with a spring 6 is pivotally fixed. Moreover, the upper end of the rod is placed in the hole made in the bracket 1, and the upper end of the spring 4 is installed in contact with the bracket 1.

Below the pivotally attached rod 5, a guide 7 is fixedly attached to the shield 3 with the anchor 8 placed in it. The lower end of the anchor is placed in the hole in the shield 3 and the hole at the end of the flat spring 6, and the upper end is in contact with the fertilizer wire connected to the bracket 1.

The lower end of the anchor 8 is closed from the end with a plug 9, and a groove is made on the side of the guide 7, cheeks 10 are fixed on both sides, a two-arm lever 11 is installed between them, the front end of which is placed in the hole made in the anchor 8. Moreover, in the upper part of the anchor 8 and the front end of the two-shouldered lever 11 are pivotally connected in the cheeks 10, rigidly fixed on both sides of the groove made in the upper part of the guide 7. Moreover, the holes 12 are radially made in the cheeks 10, and the same hole is made in the front end of the two-shouldered lever 11 with basically with holes 12 in the cheeks 10. The upper end of the anchor 8 is rigidly connected to the fertilizer line 13 installed in the bracket 1.

The left and right ledges 14 are made in the rear part of the shield 3, bent downward by an angle of 90 °, the lines of their bends are made at an acute angle to the direction of movement, and the end of the shield 3, located outside the ledges 14, is bent downward by an acute angle relative to the horizontal.

The sowing section of the anchor type works as follows: when lowering the frame 2, the spring 4 and the shield 3 interact, as a result of which the lower end of the anchor 8 enters the hole made at the end of the spring 4 and immerses it in the soil to a predetermined depth. When moving the lower end of the anchor 8 in the soil, a groove is made where the seeds come from the seed duct 13 of the anchor 8 and then through the slot made at the lower end of the anchor. The steps 14, bent downward by 90 °, move the soil to the center of the furrow, and the compactor 15, which is the end of the shield 3, bent downward at an acute angle to the horizontal, carries out its compaction.

In the process, soil and plant residues adhere to the lower end of anchor 8, which changes the required furrow parameters. The lower end of the anchor 8 is cleaned when lifting the device, since the spring 4 is made in a larger radius than the shield 3, as a result of which the lower end of the anchor 8 leaves the hole made at the end of the spring 4, and the plant residues are dumped onto the soil.

The sowing depth is adjusted by means of the two shoulders lever 11, for this the two shoulders lever 11 is unlocked and the anchor 8 is moved in the vertical direction by the desired amount by pressing the rear end of the two shoulders lever 11, then the two shoulders lever 11 is fixed.

The pressing force of the end of the shield 3 to the soil is regulated by pre-compression of the spring 6.

The surfaces of the seed section of the anchor type in contact with the soil are coated with a suitable non-stick material.

The use of the seed section of the anchor type allows you to:

- to begin in the spring to earlier sowing dates, which allows to increase the annual load of seeders, and therefore, reduce the cost of sowing;

- place the seeds in moist soil, and this will allow you to get guaranteed early seedlings and, as a result, an increased grain yield;

- to increase the technological reliability of the sowing process with increased soil moisture and the presence of plant debris in it by cleaning the anchor; to increase technological reliability due to the simplicity of the design.

Information sources

1. SU 1757503 A1, 5 A01C 7/20; 08/30/1992.

2. SU 1273005 A1, 4 A01C 7/20; 11/30/1986.

3. RU 2464764 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 10.27.2012.

4. RU 2450500 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 05.20.2012.

5. RU 2435355 C1, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 12/10/2011.

Claims (3)

1. The sowing section of the anchor type, including a frame with a bracket rigidly attached to it and a pivotally attached shield, in the upper part of which a flat spring is rigidly attached to its outer side, and a rod with a spring is pivotally fixed on its inner side, with the upper end of the rod placed in a hole made in the bracket, and the upper end of the spring is in contact with the bracket, while below the pivotally attached rod to the flap is firmly attached to the guide with an anchor placed in it, the lower end of which placed in the hole in the shield and the hole at the end of the flat spring, and its upper end is in contact with the fertilizer wire connected to the bracket. 2. The sowing section of the anchor type according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom end of the anchor is closed with a plug from the end, and a groove is made on the side of the upper part of the guide, the cheeks are rigidly fixed on both sides, with a two-arm lever installed between them, and in the upper part the anchor and the front end of the two shoulders of the lever are pivotally connected in the cheeks, in which the holes are made along the radius, and the same hole is made in the front end of the two shoulders of the lever coaxially with the holes in the cheeks. 3. The sowing section of the anchor type according to claim 1, characterized in that the left and right ledges are bent downward at an angle of 90 ° in the back of the flap, the lines of their bends are made at an acute angle to the direction of movement, and the end of the flap is bent down by acute angle relative to the horizontal.

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