RU2423815C1 - Disc-anchor ploughshare - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of agricultural engineering industry. A ploughshare comprises a body 1, which is rigidly connected to a leash 2, a flat disc 3, installed at the angle to direction of motion, a seed and fertiliser guide 4, a scraper-anchor-scraper bar 5 and a furrow-closing hoe 15. The body 1 of the ploughshare is equipped with a mechanism to control pressure and position of the ploughshare relative to the frame 6, which consists of press springs 11 and press rods 12. Springs 11 and rods 12 are arranged with the possibility to vary length of their working part and to change their position in vertical direction. At the same time the mechanism to control pressure and position of the ploughshare is installed between the leash 2 and the stop 8, which are connected to the frame 6 by means of a bracket 7. A furrow-closing hoe 15 arranged as a double-horn bracket is fixed hingedly to the rear part of the ploughshare body 1. At the bracket ends there are symmetrically fixed soul guides 16 installed at the angle of 20-25 degrees towards the motion. The distance between free ends of soil guides 16 is close to the distance between the end of the scraper-anchor-scraper bar 5 and the disc 3. ^ EFFECT: invention will make it possible to carry out a strip sowing in a high-quality manner with observation of the specified depth of seeds closing along the whole width of the device grip within optimal agrotechnical time with soil moisture up to 35%. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the openers of seeders for sowing crops.

Known sowing complexes - seeders-cultivators with paw working bodies (openers) of the type "Kuzbass" PK-8.5, "Agrator", "Concept-2000" and others with a width of the distribution of paws 23; thirty; 35 or 40 cm [1].

Their advantage is that the sowing is carried out in a strip way, under the paw, using the air flow, providing a more rational use of the nutritional area by plants.

The disadvantages of such complexes are:

- the possibility of high-quality sowing of crops only when the soil moisture is less than 20%, and the omission due to this is the optimal agrotechnical timing of early spring sowing;

- unsatisfactory copying by the working bodies of the field relief, and therefore non-observance of the set depth of seed placement, especially along the track of tractor wheels and sowing machines.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed device is a combined disk-anchor opener containing a housing with a mounting unit for its attachment to a leash, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, a directional guide, a scraper-anchor-bed forger and a shorting [2].

The advantage of the known device is that it can carry out sowing of crops with high soil moisture and at the same time perform sowing in an efficient strip method.

A disadvantage of the known device is the unsatisfactory copying of the field topography when it directly replaces the paw opener on the aforementioned seeder-cultivators.

An object of the invention is to increase the technological reliability and operating efficiency of sowing complexes - seeders-cultivators, namely: providing the ability to perform the sowing operation with soil moisture up to 35% and satisfactory copying of the field topography in compliance with a given seed placement depth.

The task is achieved in that the disk-anchor coulter containing a housing rigidly connected with a leash, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, a guide rail, a cleaner-anchor-bed forger and a shortener, according to the invention is equipped with a mechanism for regulating the pressure and position of the coulter relative to the frame consisting of pressure springs and pressure rods made with the possibility of changing the length of their working part and the position relative to the frame vertically, the mechanism is installed between the leash and the stop, to the brackets are connected to the frame, and the zagotach is made in the form of a two-arm bracket pivotally attached to the rear of the housing, to the ends of which are mounted symmetrically to each other at an angle of 20-25 degrees to the direction of movement of the soil guides with a distance between their free ends close to the distance between the end face of the scraper-anchor-bed forger and the disk.

Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

The device meets the criterion of "inventive step" in connection with the achievement of results that satisfy existing needs, which to date have not been able to perform paw working bodies:

- high-quality copying of the relief of the field and ensuring the specified depth of seed placement on the entire sown area;

- conducting high-quality sowing with increased soil moisture.

The invention is “industrially applicable” in connection with the possibility and demand for its use in agriculture when introducing resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of crops.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

Figure 1 schematically shows the opener, side view, figure 2 is the same, top view.

The coulter contains a housing 1 with a leash 2, a flat disk 3, a seed guide 4, a scraper-anchor-bed forger 5; on the frame 6 of the seeder-cultivator, a suspension bracket 7 with a stop 8, brackets 9 and a hinge assembly 10 of the lead 2 to the bracket 7 is mounted. Between the lead 2 and the stop 8 there is a mechanism for adjusting the pressure on the coulter and its position relative to the frame 6 of the seeder-cultivator, which consists of pressure springs 11, pressure rods 12, made with the possibility of adjusting their length, connection points 13 and 14 of the rods 12, respectively, with a leash 2 and a stop 8. To the rear of the opener body 1 is a pivot joint, with the possibility of radial movement Ach 15, made in the form of a double-arm bracket, to the ends of which the soil guides 16 are rigidly fixed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal vertical plane at an angle of 20-25 degrees to the direction of movement with a distance between their free ends close to the distance from the back (end) part of the scraper-anchor-bed forger 5 to the plane of the disk 3.

The coulter works as follows.

With the beginning of the work of the sowing complex, the frame 6 of the seeder-cultivator is lowered to the working position, the disk 3, mounted at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter, cuts into the soil and the pressure of the springs 11 and the rods 12 transmitted by the leash 2, provides cutting of the soil and reveals a narrow groove and the chistik-anchor-bed-former 5 with the help of its sidewall expands the groove to a predetermined width and prepares a compacted strip - a bed for seeds.

Seeds and fertilizers supplied by the metering device and pneumatic conveying system (not shown in the drawing), along the seed guide 4 are delivered to the seed deposit and distributed according to a given strip width. Seeding of seeds and fertilizers is carried out by a zagotagchik 15, which by the soil guides 16 directs the soil from the edges to the strip with seeds and covers them.

The uniformity of the seed placement depth is ensured by the action of the coulter pressure control mechanism on the soil and its position relative to the frame and the surface to be copied, which is achieved by changing the working length of the rods 12 and the force of the pressure springs 11.

The effectiveness of the application of this invention (according to test samples) is expressed in the following:

- the possibility of completing the proposed openers as interchangeable working bodies of the sowing complexes with paw working bodies and the high-quality performance of the technological operation of strip sowing at a soil layer moisture of up to 35%, compliance with the specified seed placement depth over the entire width of the unit (and along the track of the wheels);

an increase in the operating speed of the unit to 13-15 km / h and unit productivity by 30-40%;

- increase crop yields by 4 kg / ha or more;

- increase the annual load on the unit to 300 hectares or more by 1 meter of the working width of the unit;

- Creation of more productive and efficient sowing complexes with the working bodies of the new generation - single-disc-anchor coulters of strip sowing.

Claims (1)

A disk-anchor opener comprising a housing rigidly connected to a leash, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, a guide rail, a scraper-anchor-bed forger and a shortener, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for regulating the pressure and position of the opener relative to the frame, consisting of pressure springs and pressure rods, made with the possibility of changing the length of the working part and the position relative to the frame vertically, while the mechanism is installed between the leash and the stop, which bracket are connected to mine, and the zagotag is made in the form of a double-arm bracket pivotally attached to the rear of the case, to the ends of which are mounted symmetrically to each other at an angle of 20-25 ° to the direction of movement of the soil guides with a distance between their free ends close to the distance between the end face of the scraper- bed anchor and disc.

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