RU2560050C1 - Device for combing and cleaning fibre from coarse impurities and dust - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technological process of the preliminary processing of long-fibre materials on the feeder included in the flow lines PL-KL and PL-1-KL, as well as recycling of textile production wastes. In the device for combing and cleaning of fibre from coarse impurities and dust, containing a combing comb mounted with the ability to perform oscillatory movements, under which a set of the working elements is fixedly mounted, mounted in a common base, the base is made in the form of a perforated tray, under which the suction device is created, the holes in the perforated tray are made in the form of rectangular confusors, and each working element of the set has a shape of a circular segment, in the centre of which a circular opening with a vertical slit is made.

EFFECT: improved quality of the semifinished product, improvement of its strength characteristics, decrease in the output of long fibre waste, better separation of coarse impurities and dust, increase in degree of fibre cleaning.

3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular to a technological process for the preliminary processing of long-fiber materials on a feeder, which are part of the production lines PL-KL and PL-1-KL, as well as in the processing of textile waste.

Known scratching unit (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2166014, IPC D01G 15/16, D01G 15/24, D01G 15/76, 2001), containing the main drum, itching roller, knives and pneumatic chamber remove fumes, the itching roller is mounted on the wiring to the main a drum with a hat cloth over a conical bell, which is in communication with a casing roller, over which a blow-off pneumatic chamber with adjustable knives is installed, one of the walls of the conical bell is made concentric to the main drum, equipped with a gear set and installed for wiring to it, and perforated the drum is equipped with a pressure roller mounted on the wiring to it, while the perforated drum and the pressure roller are placed on the wiring to the main drum, and the perforated drum and the conical socket are installed between the receiving and main drums.

The disadvantages of this device are a rather complex design and low quality of the resulting semi-finished product in the processing of long-fiber materials.

A well-known set of carding drums for processing long-fiber materials (Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2283376, IPC D01G 15/24, D01G 15/84, 2006) containing working elements of an elongated ellipsoid cross-section mounted on a common base, the working element has a lenticular shape the longitudinal section of which is made in the form of a trident, while on the surface of the drum the working elements are staggered with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the section in the plane of rotation.

The disadvantages of this headset are the low quality of the resulting semi-finished product, the low degree of purification of the fiber.

A well-known feeder (Handbook for spinning flax. S.E. Lazarev, I.S. Shevelev, B.N. Fridman and others; under the general editorship of S.I. 375 p.), Adopted as a prototype, at the output of which there is a ridge, under which there is a plate with casing elements in the form of large metal needles of circular cross-section mounted in the base of the plate. The comb located at the exit of the feeder transfers the raw materials from the feeder to the conveyor, which transfers the raw materials to the belt forming machine, which is part of the production line. When the fiber moves between the comb and the plate under it, preliminary scratching, straightening and cleaning of the fibers from weed impurities and dust occurs.

The disadvantages of this feeder are the low degree of purification of the fiber and the low quality of the resulting semi-finished product, due to the fact that the metal needles that the plate under the comb is equipped with have an intense mechanical effect on the fiber, which leads to a decrease in its length, hardening, and a decrease in the strength of the semi-finished spinning products, in addition , the needles wear out quickly.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of the semi-finished product, increase its strength characteristics, reduce the yield of long fiber in waste, better separation of weed impurities and dust, increase the degree of purification of the fiber.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for combing and cleaning fibers from debris and dust, containing a comb comb installed with the ability to perform oscillatory movements, under which the headset is fixedly mounted from working elements mounted in a common base, the base is made in the form of perforated the tray, under which the suction device is placed, the holes in the perforated tray are made in the form of rectangular confusers, and each working element is garn Ituri has the shape of a circular segment, in the center of which is made a circular hole with a vertical slot.

According to the invention, the working elements of the headset in longitudinal section have the form of a circular segment with an opening and a slot for additional aerodynamic cleaning, which facilitates the gradual penetration of the combing elements into the fiber flow without significant mechanical damage, shortening the fibers. The working elements of the headset are located on the base, made in the form of a perforated tray, under which an aspiration device is placed. The working elements of the headset penetrate the mass of fiber, without tearing or tangling it. The fiber is fixed and combed over a larger area compared to the prototype and is more securely held during processing. In this case, a more intense mechanical effect occurs without significant damage and the effective removal of weed impurities through holes in the grate. An aspiration device installed under a perforated tray contributes to a more intensive cleaning of the fiber from debris and dust. The proposed working elements of the headset are more durable and wear-resistant than ordinary needles, which, in turn, reduces the likelihood of emergency situations.

Figure 1 shows the feeder, figure 2 shows a device for combing and cleaning fibers from debris and dust, figure 3 shows the layout of the working elements of the headset on a perforated tray. Table 1 shows the values of some geometric parameters of the device for combing and cleaning fibers from weed impurities and dust.

In the drawings, the numbers indicate: combing comb 1, common base 2, working elements 3 of the headset, perforated tray 4, suction device 5, holes 6 in the perforated tray 4, round hole 7 in the working element 3, vertical slot 8 in the working element 3, rectangular confusers 9 of perforated tray 4, stiffeners 10 of rectangular confusers 9.

The working elements 3 of the headset have pointed edges with a radius R, this contributes to a more optimal implementation of the working elements 3 in the layer of flax fiber without additional damage. Each working element 3 has a circular hole 7 of diameter d connected to a vertical slot 8 of width n. The working elements 3 of the headset are mounted on a perforated tray 4, holes 6 in a perforated tray 4 of diameter k are made in the form of rectangular confusers 9 of height u with four stiffeners 10 and a central opening angle σ. Under the perforated tray 4, an aspiration device 5 is installed to remove dust and debris.

A device for combing and cleaning fibers from debris and dust works as follows. The pointed edges of the working element 3 easily enter the fiber. The air flow accompanying the technological process passes through a vertical slot 8 and enters a circular hole 7. In the process of interaction of the working element 3 with a fiber-air flow in its circular hole 7, a vortex is formed, which is subsequently separated from it (Krasnov N.F. Applied aerodynamics: textbook for technical colleges / NF Krasnov, VN Koshevoi, AN Danilov, VF Zakharchenko, EE Borovsky, AI Khlupnov. - M.: Higher. School, 1974.- 732 p.). In this case, the movement energy of the separated vortex is summed up with the movement energy of the suction torch created by the suction device installed under the perforated tray 4. The resulting effect significantly increases the efficiency of cleaning fibers from debris and dust due to the use of the energy of the generated process flows.

The shape and location of the working elements 3 on the perforated tray 4 takes into account the structural features of the processed long fiber, provides more intensive scratching and reduces the number of mechanical damage to the fiber itself, which is typical for a standard headset in the form of needles. Dust and debris are removed through holes 6 in the perforated tray 4, the design of which takes into account the specifics of the processed flax fiber, a long fiber does not pass through these holes. The suction device 5 is installed in such a way that the area of action of the suction torch extends to the fiber attached to the working elements 3. Therefore, the fiber is effectively cleaned and the weedy impurities and dust are removed. Since the ridge 1 periodically fluctuates, this eliminates the clogging of the holes 6, through which dust and debris are removed, as they are periodically cleaned.

Production tests of the proposed device showed that:

the loss of spun fiber is reduced by 7%;

breakage on spinning machines decreases 7%;

the loss of weed impurities increases by 12%.

Table 1 Segment Parameter Designation m d n k P R φ ° q U M N σ Z u Dimensions of segment parameters, mm twenty 8 four 10 25 fourteen fifteen 3 thirty thirty fifteen 40 610 fifteen

Claims (1)

A device for combing and cleaning fibers from debris and dust, containing a comb comb installed with the ability to make oscillating movements, under which the headset is fixedly mounted from work elements mounted in a common base, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a perforated pallet, under which an aspiration device is placed, the holes in the perforated tray are made in the form of rectangular confusers, and each working element of the headset has the shape of a circular segment nta, in the center of which a round hole with a vertical slot is made.

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