RU2283376C1 - Carding drum outfit for processing of long-fibered materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry.

SUBSTANCE: carding drum outfit comprises working members having elongated elliptical section, said members being mounted within single base. Each working member is made in the form of lentils whose longitudinal section is formed as trident. Working members are staggered on drum surface, with longitudinal axis of section being oriented in plane of rotation.

EFFECT: improved quality of semi-finished product, reduced discard of long fibers, improved separation of contaminants and dust, reduced break of fibers at subsequent transition operations, and decreased manufacture costs of products.

3 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular to a process for preliminary carding of long-fiber materials on tape forming machines that are part of the production lines PL-KL and PL-1-KL, as well as in the processing of textile waste.

A well-known headset, consisting of single elements in the form of large metal needles of circular cross-section, mounted in segments of the drums [1]. The garnet surface of the drums, like the drums of a carding machine, acts on long-fiber raw materials (flax and its mixtures with chemical fibers) and carries out preliminary straightening and parallelization of the fibers before processing them on card machines.

A needle headset for carding machines [2], which consists of needles fixed in an elastic base consisting of several layers of rubberized fabric, was adopted as a prototype. The sides of the needle cross-section are in parallel planes. The front and rear sides of the needle cross section are made with rounding along the radius equal to 0.03-0.07 mm, or have a sharp edge, i.e. the extreme points of parallel lines forming the sides of the section are interconnected by an arc or two straight lines at an angle. As a result, the sections are elliptical or hexagonal in shape.

A drawback of existing headsets in spinning long-fiber materials is their intense mechanical effect on the fiber, which leads to a decrease in its length, hardening, significant release into waste, and a decrease in the strength of the semi-finished products, in addition, the headset quickly wears out. To the greatest extent, these shortcomings are manifested on tape-forming machines, since the teeth of the headset are large and rarely located on the drums, as well as due to the poor straightness of the fiber and its entanglement in the handful, especially at its ends. The headset, adopted as a prototype, partially solves these problems. However, due to the smooth surface of the tooth, the fiber is poorly fixed on it, so the intensity of carding and cleaning is weakened.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of the semi-finished product, increase its strength characteristics, reduce the yield of long fiber in waste, better separation of weed impurities and dust, reduce breakage at subsequent transitions, reduce production costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the headset of carding drums for processing long-fiber materials, containing working elements of elongated ellipsoid cross-section mounted in a common base, according to the invention has a lenticular-shaped working element, the longitudinal section of which is made in the form of a trident, while working on the drum surface the elements are staggered with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the section in the plane of rotation.

The lenticular shape attached to the working element of the headset contributes to its gradual penetration into the fibrous stream without significant mechanical damage, shortening the fibers. The sharp protrusions of the trident perform the function of needles and are designed in such a way that they penetrate the mass of fiber without tearing or entangling it. The fiber is fixed over a larger area compared to the known headset and is more securely held during processing. In this case, a more intense mechanical effect occurs without significant damage. The proposed headset is more durable and wear-resistant than usual, in the form of needles, which, in turn, reduces the fire hazard and the likelihood of emergency situations.

Figure 1, 2 and 3 presents a diagram of the profiles of the working elements of the headset and their relative position on the segments, respectively, of the receiving, main and removable drums. Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the values of the geometric parameters of the headset for the same drums.

The headset consists of working elements of a lenticular shape, in which three sharp teeth 1, 2, 3 are formed due to grooves (Fig. 1b, 2b, 3b). At the base of the working element there is a base 4, which is inserted into the nest of the drum segment 5. The tooth is fixed by flaring the edge of the base. All the teeth are staggered with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the tooth in the plane of rotation of the drum.

The interaction of the fiber with the work item is the following process. The sharp protrusions of the trident 1, 2, 3 alternately penetrate into the pulp. The inclination angles of the working edges of the protrusions of the trident γ, β, α (Fig. 1b, 2b, 3b), working as needles, are selected so that when they penetrate the pulp there is no significant damage to the fibers themselves. After the penetration of the third protrusion into the fiber mass, it is fixed on the total length L and tooth height H.

The headset of the main drum differs from the headset of the receiving work items with a cross section of a more elongated shape and a different radius of the extreme edges (figure 2). On a removable drum, the headset is a set of working elements with the smallest section at the base and tilted at an angle ε (Fig. 3, a) to the surface of the drum.

The shape and location of the working elements (Fig. 1, a, 2, a, 3, a) on the surface of the drum takes into account the features of the mass structure of the long fiber, which contributes to more intensive scratching, but there is no significant mechanical damage to the fiber itself, typical for ordinary headsets in the form of needles.

The profile of the working elements of the headset and their relative position contributes to the lamination of the turbulent air flow associated with the rotation of the drum. Lamination is carried out due to the formation of a smoothly developing confuser area between the curved profiles of two adjacent working elements [3], where a gradual increase in flow rate occurs. The streamlined shape of the working element of the headset prevents the breakdown of the boundary layer from its surface, which preserves the laminar flow regime behind the confuser section. The stream itself in the headset is divided into a series of parallel elementary jets. This contributes to the development of a stable flow in the gap between the surface of the drum and the fence coaxial with respect to it, which excludes the formation of Taylor vortices, which lead to fiber ignition [4]. At the same time, the energy of the air flow is used to intensify the process of scratching and the allocation of weed impurities. In addition, the fiber transition from the receiving drum to the main drum and from the main drum to the removable drum is improved by reducing the force required to remove the fiber. The area of carding increases over a longer fiber length and the effectiveness of exposure to the fibrous layer throughout its thickness.

Production tests of the proposed headset showed that:

- the loss of spun fiber is reduced by 5%;

- reduced breakage on spinning machines by 10%;

- the loss of weed impurities is increased by 15%.

Table 1 Headset Segment Settings R ₁ R ₂ R ₃ R ₄ α ° β ° γ ° ε but b one H σ ° d N G TO L FROM D h S Headset segment dimensions twenty 3 3 40 twenty thirty twenty 90 6 3 12 twenty 40 5 10 twenty 610 25 fifteen 407 10 90

table 2 Headset Segment Settings R ₁ R ₂ R ₃ R ₄ α ° β ° γ ° ε but b one H σ ° d N G K L FROM D h S Headset segment dimensions twenty 3 3 90 twenty fifty twenty 90 6 3 12 twenty twenty 5 10 twenty 610 35 fifteen 1277 10 80

Table 3 Headset Segment Settings R ₁ R ₂ R ₃ R ₄ α ° β ° γ ° ε but b one H σ ° d N G K L FROM D h S Headset segment parameter size twenty 2 2 twenty 10 10 twenty 70 6 3 8 fifteen twenty four 6 12 610 16 fifteen 496 10 61

Literature.

1. Ginzburg L.N. and others. Spinning bast and chemical fibers and the production of twisted products - M .: Light industry, 1971. - 544 p.

2. Application No. 6492428. Japan, MKI D 01 G 15/86. Yamamoto Masaru, Kanai Hiroyuki. Claim. 29.09.8; Publ. 11.04.89. // Kokai tokke kokho //. Ser. 3 (5). - 1989. - 13.- P.199-202.

3. Martynov A.K. Applied aerodynamics. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1972, - 448 p.

4. GGPavlov Aerodynamics of technological processes and equipment of the textile industry. - M.: "Light Industry", 1975, - 152 p.

Claims (1)

A set of carding drums for processing long-fiber materials, containing working elements of an elongated ellipsoidal cross-section mounted in a common base, characterized in that the working element has a lenticular shape, the longitudinal section of which is made in the form of a trident, while on the surface of the drum the working elements are staggered with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the section in the plane of rotation.

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