RU2461670C1 - Method of producing bast fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing bast fibers includes the preparation of a layer of stems and their mechanical treatment by obtaining raw material at breaking, swingling of raw material with the use of sliding bending and cleaning fibers from the chaff. Preparation of the layer is carried out by separation of inflorescence from the stems, and mechanical treatment of the obtained masses of parts of the stems and inflorescences is carried out separately. In the process of breaking of each of the obtained masses of parts of the stems and inflorescences, the produced raw material is cut into lengths up to 0.6 m. Cleaning of the web from chaff is carried out by the collision of the raw formed with a perforated barrier and its subsequent repeated shaking.

EFFECT: method enables to improve the quality of the fiber obtained due to separation of its fractions with different properties, to reduce the cost of its implementation by reducing the use of operations, and its implementation does not require significant capital expenditures.

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast fibers, mainly obtained from hemp stems, and can be used to obtain fiber as a raw material for the textile industry.

Existing methods for producing bast fiber from long-stalked bast crops require the use of special equipment, a feature of which is significant dimensions, determined by the size of the stems. This leads to a complication of the processing process, an increase in production costs, and therefore the existing methods require improvement.

For example, there is a known method for producing bast fiber, which includes the formation of large batches of stems uniform in properties, layer formation, wrinkling, and scuffing [1]. In this method, the stems after the formation of the parties fall into a layer-forming machine, in which the stalk layer is leveled at the butt and thinned with gear discs. Next, the stems are missed, and then processed on a bobbin machine. The resulting fibrous waste is processed in a pulp mill where short fiber is cleaned.

However, when using this method, significant costs are generated for its implementation, which is most manifested in the processing of coarse-fiber bast materials, such as hemp. The use of such a known method becomes unprofitable.

There is also known a method for producing bast fiber, mainly from hemp stalks, including preparing a layer of stems, machining them by obtaining raw material in a promine, mashing raw material using a sliding bend and cleaning the fiber from a fire [2].

This known method in its technical essence is the closest to the claimed and therefore is proposed as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of processing and the inability to obtain fibers of uniform properties from long stem bast crops, such as hemp. This is explained by the fact that in bast cultures with a significant stem length (hemp, kenaf, jute), the fibers located in them have different properties along the stem length [3]. In the upper parts of the stem - in the inflorescence - the quality of the fibers is lower. They are less formed, have reduced tensile strength, are poorly crushed in the transverse direction.

The complexity of processing stems of increased length using a known method is also obvious. Machines with large dimensions and significant energy consumption are required.

An object of the invention is to improve the quality of bast fiber by reducing the level of unevenness of its properties, as well as reducing the cost of its production.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the specified method of producing fiber, including preparing a layer of stems, machining them by obtaining raw material in a promin, mashing raw material using a sliding bend and cleaning the fiber from a fire, according to the invention, they are separated from the stems in the process of preparing the layer inflorescences, carrying out subsequent machining of the formed masses of the sections of stems and inflorescences separately, in the process of washing each of the formed masses of the sections of stems and inflorescences roizvodyat cutting the resulting crude to a length of 0.6 m., and the fibers are cleaned of fires is accomplished by impingement with the formed raw perforated barrier and its subsequent repeated shaking.

Separation from the totality of the stems of their inflorescences during the preparation of the layer for subsequent separate mechanical processing of the remaining sections of the stems and inflorescences allows us to achieve the following effects. Knowing that in the apical sections of the stems, namely in the inflorescences, a fiber with a reduced quality is located, this branch will exclude mixing during the mechanical processing of these fibers with those that are in the remaining part of the stalk length - the technical length. Separate mechanical isolation of the fiber from the inflorescences and from the remaining sections of the length of the stems will provide two masses of fibers, which will be processed differently and used for the production of various products. In this case, in each mass of fibers a reduced roughness of properties will be provided, which will facilitate the process of obtaining yarn or other semi-finished products from them.

The use of cutting the resulting raw material into segments up to 0.6 m long in the process of scrubbing stalk sections (inflorescences or sections connected with the root) will simplify the process of subsequent isolation and purification of the fiber. Cutting raw material in comparison with cutting stems makes it possible to realize the formation of segments up to 0.6 m directly with a ravine under conditions of moving material with the orientation of the stems along the flow. This is due to the reduced stiffness of the raw. The formation of segments up to 0.6 m will allow the use of machines with smaller dimensions to accommodate such segments in the processing field - the scuffing zone, to prevent the strands from being screwed up and wound on rotating machine parts. In addition, the use of segments of the specified length is due to the fact that after their decontamination, subsequent processing of the fiber will be carried out using card machines. The normal operation of these machines is possible with a certain staple length of the fibers, which, for example, are contained in the hemp scraping waste. The average staple length of the fibers in this case is 400 ... 600 mm. It should also be noted that when the lengths of the raw segments are up to 0.6 m, it will be possible with less difficulty to form a stream of raw strands oriented along the direction of movement of the processed material layer.

The implementation of the purification of the fiber from the fire by impacting the formed raw material with a perforated barrier and then shaking it several times allows to increase the efficiency of removing the fire and reduce energy costs for cleaning. This is due to the following circumstances. Performing operations of collision of the bonfire-fibrous mixture with a perforated barrier will allow, prior to repeated shaking, to significantly lighten the pulp by isolating part of the bonfire. At the same time, using the forces of inertia, shaking the mass of tapered fibers will be carried out in a more loose state and this will require less energy.

The method of obtaining bast fiber is implemented as follows. After unwinding the stem mass from the roll, it is subjected to cutting along the line (with reference to all stems), which conditionally separates the inflorescences of the stems and their technical part, in which the comlies are located. The formed masses of stems are separated from each other and in each of them form a stream of formed segments, orienting them parallel to each other, as well as along the direction of flow. Further, each of the streams (inflorescences and technical parts of the stems) is subjected to promin. Moreover, in the process of promin, namely, at the time the raw material is in the area between the pairs of rolls (supply and receiving), it is subjected to cyclically repeated cutting, for example using a circular saw. The frequency of repetition of cutting cycles should ensure that raw segments with a length of not more than 0.6 m are obtained. Thus, raw segments with a length of up to 0.6 m are formed at the exit from the grinding machine. After this, the raw segments fall into the scuffing zone, where, under the influence of workers organs there is a weakening of the bonds between the fire and the fiber. The bonfire-fibrous mixture formed as a result of beating is then subjected to two stages of bonfire cleaning. At the first, it hits a perforated barrier, where a part of the bonfire is separated from the fiber. After this, the fiber, having a lower mass, is subjected to purification in the second stage - by repeated shaking. In this case, the mass of tapered fiber is subjected to dynamic effects due to multiple compression-rarefaction, which leads to the subsequent allocation of fires. At the same time, cleaning in the second stage allows shaking the mixture in a more loose state and with less energy.

As a result, two masses of fibers are obtained that are different in their properties: one as a result of processing of inflorescences, and the other as a result of the technical length of the stems. Both are subsequently used for the production of various materials.

The proposed method allows to improve the quality of the resulting fiber due to the separation of its fractions with different properties, reduce the cost of its implementation by reducing the operations used, and its implementation does not require significant capital costs.

Information sources

1. Auto USSR No. 5333684, MKI D01B 1/00, G. Barkhatnikov "Method for producing bast fiber." Publ. 10.30.76.

2. RF patent No. 2384656, MKI D01B 1/14, Pashin E.L. "Method for producing bast fiber." Publ. 03/20/2010.

3. Ordina N.A. The structure of bast-fiber plants and its change during processing. M., 1978.

Claims (1)

A method of producing bast fiber, mainly from hemp stems, including preparing a layer of stems, machining them by obtaining raw material at a promin, mashing raw material using a sliding bend and cleaning the fiber from a fire, characterized in that during the preparation of the layer they separate their inflorescences from the stems Carrying out subsequent machining of the formed masses of the sections of stems and inflorescences separately, in the process of scouring each of the formed masses of the sections of stems and inflorescences, the floor is cut raw material into segments up to 0.6 m long, and the fiber is removed from the fire by impacting the formed raw material with a perforated barrier and then shaking it repeatedly.