RU188040U1 - DEVICE FOR REMOVING COSTERS FROM A BUNCH OF REMAINED STEMS OF FIBROUS MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the primary processing of bast-fiber material, mainly flax, and can be used to produce long fibers. A bunch of washed stems of fibrous material is placed on the tray, fixed relative to the tray; from the side of the butt, the beam is filled up with loose substance (for example, sand). Oscillatory movement (vibration) is attached to the tray, moreover, the trajectory of oscillations of each point of the tray has an asymmetry and / or the kinematic law of motion of each point of the tray along its trajectory has asymmetry and / or the tray is inclined. Due to vibration, the bulk substance will penetrate the spaces between the stems, mix with the fire, and will smoothly move along with the fire along the stems, simultaneously stripping bonfire particles that are not separated from the fibers. When the bulk material leaves the beam, the material remaining on the tray will be de-boned.

Then the granular substance is purified from the impurities of the fires and used again. The technical result of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of removing bonfires from a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material.

Description

The utility model relates to the primary processing of bast-fiber material, mainly flax trusts and can be used to produce long fibers.

A known method of producing fiber from trusts of bast crops (Markov V.V. et al. Primary treatment of bast fibers. M: Light Industry, 1974, p. 201-226), including flattening a layer of stems, subsequent milling with riffles of mulin rolls, clamping one from the ends of the stem and bleeding by means of a sliding bend.

However, due to the intense mechanical stresses that the fiber undergoes when removing the bonfire, a significant portion of the fibers is destroyed.

A device is known for removing bonfires from washed stems of fibrous material (Limar V.V. On one possibility of separating bonfires from washed stems of fibrous material / Actual problems of science in technologies of textile and light industry (Linen - 2016): collection of works of the International scientific technical conference / Kostroma, state university - Kostroma: Publishing house Kostroma, state university, 2016. - p. 77). The known device contains a tray, endowed with the ability to vibrate, a device for fixing a beam of washed stems of fibrous material relative to the tray, bulk material (whose density is greater than the density of the fire), vibration exciter (vibration exciters), a means of removing the fire from the surface of the bulk material.

This device is taken as a prototype, because it is the closest to the proposed device for the totality of features.

The known device operates as follows. A bunch of washed stems of fibrous material is placed on the tray, fixed on the tray, then filled with a loose substance (for example, sand). After this, the tray with the contents is given an oscillatory movement (vibration) in the direction along the stems. Particles of granular matter due to vibration easily penetrate into the spaces between the stems and mix with the fire. Due to the vibration of the mixture of the granular substance with the fire, the vibratory separation of the fractions of the mixture will occur. (The effect of vibration separation is as follows. If a vessel with a granular medium containing heterogeneous particles of two types, which are approximately the same size but different density, is vibrated horizontally, then, with the proper vibration frequency, heavy particles will sink in a granular medium, and light As a result, the fraction of light particles will be on top and heavy fraction below.) Thus, bonfire particles, as lighter, will float and will appear on the surface of the granular substance. From here they will be removed, for example, by a stream of air, the fibers are removed from under the bulk substance, and the bulk substance purified from the fire is used again.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the particles of the fire, floating up, move in the direction across the fibers, so the fibers, being in the way of the ordered movement of the particles of the fire up, interfere with this movement. The technical task of the proposed utility model is to give a loose substance with an admixture of bonfire, located in the spaces between the stems, an ordered movement along the fibers. (Then the bonfire particles will orderly move not across, but along the fibers.)

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for removing bonfires from washed stems of fibrous material containing a tray endowed with the ability to vibrate, a device for securing a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material relative to the tray, granular material, vibration exciter (vibration exciters) of the tray, the tray is endowed with such oscillations, that the oscillation path of each point of the tray has an asymmetry and / or the tray is endowed with the ability to perform such oscillations that the kinematic law each tray movement point along its trajectory is asymmetric and / or tray is located obliquely with respect to the horizon; the device also includes a feeder, a means for cleaning the granular matter from the bonfire impurity, a means for moving the granular material purified from the bonfire impurities to the feeder.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of removing bonfires from a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material.

The inventive utility model is illustrated by figures 1-3.

FIG. 1. General view of the device with a horizontal tray.

FIG. 2. General view of the device with an inclined tray.

FIG. 3. Top view of the device.

In FIG. 1 and 2 show the device in two versions: respectively, with a horizontal and inclined tray; in FIG. 3 shows a top view of the device (the same for both options for the location of the tray).

The figures show: a bunch of washed stems 1; tray 2, located horizontally (Fig. 1) or with an inclination (Fig. 2); a fixture 3 for securing a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material; loose substance 4 (indicated by dots); feeder 5; vibration exciter 6; capacity 7; vibration exciter 8; vibration conveyor for lifting bulk cargo 9; inclined groove 10, particles of the bonfire 11 (located on the tray 2, in the container 7 and blown out of the container 7), the blower 12.

The capacitance 7, vibration exciter 8, blower 12, vibrating conveyor for lifting bulk cargo 9, and the inclined trough 10 are not shown as mandatory components of the device. They are presented in the figures as possible components of a means for purifying a granular substance from a bonfire impurity and a means for moving a granular substance purified from a bonfire impurity to a feeder.

In order not to clutter up the drawings, they do not show the fastenings, supports of structural elements, etc.

The inventive device operates as follows.

A bunch of washed stems of fibrous material 1 is placed on the tray 2, located horizontally (Fig. 1) or obliquely (Fig. 2). Using the device 3, the roots of the stems are fixed relative to the tray. Then the bundle 1 of the washed stems of fibrous material from the root side is filled with a loose substance 4 (for example, sand) from the feeder 5. Then, using a vibration exciter (or vibration exciters, if there are more than one) 6 tray 2 is given an oscillatory movement (vibration). Thanks to vibration, the bulk material will penetrate the spaces between the stems and mix with the campfire.

The oscillation mode is set so that with each oscillation of the tray, the granular substance slides relative to the tray (and stems) away from the butt to the tops and does not slip in the opposite direction.

In this case, the vibration of the tray will lead to an ordered movement of the granular matter 4 along the stems in one direction (from Fig. 1, 2, 3 from left to right). Moving orderly, the bulk substance will not only carry away bonfire particles separated from the fibers during mashing, but will also remove the particles that have not yet separated and will also carry them along. After all the particles of the granular matter (and the bonfire impurities) have passed the entire length of the stems, the fiber remaining on the tray will become deboned.

The effect of the occurrence of an ordered movement of the granular substance located on the tray during vibration of the tray, called the effect of vibrational movement, is described in [1]. According to [1], there are several methods for implementing vibrational displacement. The most suitable techniques for the device in question are as follows. The first. Such vibrations are given to the tray that the trajectories of the points of the tray have one or another asymmetry. Second. Such vibrations are given to the tray that the kinematic law of the movement of the points of the tray along its paths has one or another asymmetry. (The asymmetry of the kinematic law of motion may consist, for example, in that the movement of the points of the tray in one direction is faster than in the opposite.) Third. The tray is inclined with respect to the horizon.

Of course, to implement the vibrational movement, you can apply either one of these methods, or all kinds of combinations of these methods. If only one technique is used to implement vibrational movement, then in the case of the first or second techniques, the tray is horizontal. In the case of applying the third technique, the paths of the oscillatory movement of the points of the tray are symmetrical with respect to the tray (they are segments of lines that are straight or perpendicular or parallel to the plane of the tray), while the kinematic law of vibration of the points of the tray is symmetrical with respect to the direction of movement of these points (the fluctuations can be , for example, purely harmonic). Thus, the characteristics of the vibration process and the location of the tray (horizontal or inclined, see, respectively, Fig. 1 and 2) for the device in question can be selected on an alternative basis. All alternatives lead to the vibrational movement of the granular material with an admixture of fires, and ultimately, in combination with the actions of other parts of the device, to the same technical result.

In the device in question, the characteristics of the vibration process and the inclination of the tray (if any) should correspond to the direction of movement of the granular substance with an admixture of bonfire from the butt to the tops.

The possibility of using vibrational movement is confirmed by the fact that it is used in technology, for example, in devices such as a vibratory feeder, a vibratory conveyor, and a vibratory hopper.

After all the particles of the granular substance that arrived from the feeder onto the tray, together with the bonfire particles, leave the fibrous material, using the means for cleaning the granular substance from the bonfire impurity, the granular material is freed from the bonfire impurity and enters the feeder 5 for use again.

In order to clean the bulk substance from the bonfire admixture, you can first isolate the fire from a mixture of bulk material with a fire, and then remove this fire. It is possible to isolate a fire from a mixture of granular material with a fire, in particular, using the already mentioned effect of vibration separation (segregation) [2], [3]. In this case, the loose substance that has left the fibrous material and is mixed with fire is poured from the edge of the tray 2 into the container 7. (In this case, the tray 2 does not have a side wall on the right side.) The container 7 is endowed with the ability to vibrate in the horizontal direction and is equipped with vibration exciter (vibration exciters) 8. The density of the bulk substance in this case should be greater than the density of the fire. Particles of the bonfire 11, as lighter, will float up and appear on the surface of the granular substance, from where they should be removed, for example, blow off with a stream of air coming from the blower 12. As a granular substance, sand can be used, in particular. Thus, one of the possible means of purifying bulk material from bonfire impurities can be a container 7, endowed with the ability to vibrate in the horizontal direction and equipped with a vibration exciter (or vibration exciters) 8 and a blower 12, creating a stream of air above the container.

After cleaning the bulk material from the impurities of the fire, the bulk material must be moved to the feeder 5. For this, you can use a hoist (in particular, a vibrating conveyor 9 for lifting bulk goods) and an inclined trough 10. In this case, the bulk material after cleaning it from the impurities of the fire must be fed at the entrance of the lift. The question of what to use as a means of such a feed can be easily resolved with various versions of means for purifying granular matter from bonfire impurities. In particular, if the container 7 with a vibration exciter 8 and the blower 12 are used as a means of cleaning the bulk substance from the bonfire impurity, then in order to set the bulk material in the container 7 into motion toward the elevator, the effect of vibrational movement can also be applied here, i.e. to give the tank 7 vibration in proper mode. In this case, the tank 7 should be equipped with an appropriate vibration exciter (corresponding vibration exciters, they are not shown in the figures). It is also possible that the vibration exciter (exciters) 8 is endowed with the additional function of giving the container 7 such vibration that vibrational movement of the granular material occurs. Thus, a lifter (in particular, a vibrating conveyor for lifting bulk goods in the vertical direction), an inclined trough, and means for feeding the bulk material cleared of the fire to the inlet of the lift can be used as a means of moving the bulk material cleaned from the fire to the feeder 5.

As a fixture 3 for securing, relative to the tray, a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material located on the tray, a clip can be used. In this case, the roots of the stems should be clamped during operation of the device, so the roots will not be sharpened. After de-sharpening, the bulk of the beam should be separated from the fibers and removed.

The clamp can be made movable relative to the tray with the possibility of fixation. Then, moving the clamp with the bundle clamped in it, you can move the bundle of stems so that after wrinkling it can be placed on tray 2 for de-sharpening, and after de-sharpening, remove the bundle from tray 2.

As the feeder 5, you can use the vibrator.

The above processes (filling the bundle of stems with bulk material, vibrational movement of the bulk material mixed with bonfire along the tray, cleaning the bulk material from the bonfire impurities, moving the bulk material purified from the bonfire into the feeder) are carried out sequentially, i.e. for different periods of time. In FIG. 1, 2, 3, these processes are conditionally shown at once all.

According to [1], the vibration method of transportation, which is proposed to be used in the inventive device, has several advantages: low wear of the working body, low energy consumption, the absence of rubbing and wearing parts, safe operation; the constructions of most types of vibrating machines do not require the installation of foundations and can be installed on the upper floors of buildings without much concern.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Blekhman I.I. What can vibration do ?: About vibration mechanics and vibration technology. - M .: Science. Ch. ed. Phys.-Math. lit., 1988 .-- p. 40-44.

2. In the same place, from 100-106.

3. Khilkevich S.S. Physics is all around us. - M .: Science. Ch. ed. Phys.-Math. lit., 1985 .-- S. 58-76.

Claims (6)

1. A device for removing bonfires from a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material, including a tray endowed with the ability to vibrate, a device for securing, relative to the tray, a bundle of washed stems of fibrous material, granular material, vibration exciter (or exciters) of the tray, characterized in that the tray located obliquely to the horizon; the device also includes a feeder, a means for cleaning the granular matter from the bonfire impurity, a means for moving the granular material purified from the bonfire impurities to the feeder. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is endowed with such vibrations that the path of each point of the tray has an asymmetry and / or the tray is endowed with such vibrations that the kinematic law of each point of the tray has an asymmetry. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a means of cleaning the bulk substance from the impurities of the fire, a container is used that is capable of vibrating in the horizontal direction and equipped with a vibration exciter (or exciters), and a blower. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a means of moving the bulk material that has been cleaned of impurities to the feeder, a lift, an inclined trough and a means of supplying the bulk material that has been cleaned from the fire to the inlet of the lift are used. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrator is used as a feeder. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that sand is used as a granular substance.

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