SU1745781A1 - Method of manufacturing bast fibre - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: textile industry, fiber fiber manufacturing technology. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Flax straw is crumpled and yawned. The resulting bristle bast is placed in an ultrasonic evaporator bath in an aqueous surfactant solution. Stand in the ultrasound field. The resulting fiber is dried and combed. 3 tab.

Description

. The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of bast fiber and can be used in the textile industry in the processing of bast fiber materials.

A known method is to obtain a labial fiber, including moth, scutching, wetting, drying and fiber refining.

The disadvantages of this method are the low splitting of the complexes of bast fibers, the high content of campfires in the obtained fiber, as well as the duration of the chemical refinement process:

The most promising are methods for obtaining fiber fiber, which exclude primary processing, since they exempt flax-growing facilities from this process, and the absence of harmful chemical reagents in the process greatly simplifies cleaning and the volume of wastewater discharges.

The closest to the proposed by the combination of signs and the achieved positive effect is the method

obtaining of labial fiber, including balsam straw, scutching, emulsification of cationic surfactant - marvelane in an aqueous solution, keeping with high humidity for at least 48 hours, cutting, selection of handfuls and carding on a flax machine.

The disadvantage of this method is the low degree of fiber splitting and a significant content of fires in it, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the fiber, as well as the duration of the technological process.

The aim of the invention is to improve the processability of the process by using various types of surfactants and ultrasonic fields, increasing the yield and quality of the fiber.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of obtaining fiber fiber, which includes the mechanical treatment of straw straw: brooming, scutching, emulsifying a surfactant in an aqueous solution, drying, combing, emulsifying

XI SL XJ 00

forging field with a frequency of 18-23 kHz for 105-120 min. Cationic or other types of surfactants are used as surfactants.

It is known that fiber in the bast is connected into bundles (complexes) by means of an intercellular substance, which includes pectin compounds, lignin and a number of other substances in small quantities. The processing of bast and consists in the destruction of the intercellular substance with its partial removal, which leads to a weakening of the bond between the fibers in the complexes. The difficulty of processing is determined by the need to preserve a part of the extracellular substance, with the help of which the longitudinal connection of the elementary fibers is carried out, since it is their presence that determines the strength of the technical fibers obtained after processing. Thus, for partial removal of organic compounds in the bast, a sufficiently fine purification process is required.

It has been established that when using ultrasound in the process of obtaining the labial fiber, it is possible to disperse the complexes of the labial fibers and clean them of the intercellular substance using cavitation erosion, transfer it to the hydrosol, and then using ultrasonic aggregation to precipitate. The use of surfactants with ultrasonic treatment significantly intensifies the processes of cavitation erosion and, in addition, prevents the secondary deposition of degradation products and impurities on the fiber.

Experiments 1-8 (see table. 1). Flax straw is subjected to five, scutching, the obtained blunt bast is placed in an ultrasonic disperser bath in an aqueous surfactant solution and kept in an ultrasonic field, after which the fiber obtained is dried and combed.

Experience 6. Flax straw is treated in a standard way - mantle, scutching - bast. Then the bast is placed in an ultrasonic disperser bath in an aqueous surfactant solution (solid state soap GOST 7696-55 5 g / l can be used as a surfactant with a 1:25 bath module) and treated in an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 21 kHz at a power density of 250 W / cm2 for 120 min. The obtained fiber is pressed, washed with cold water, dried at 60-80 ° M in a free state, subjected to carding, and then splitting, fire content, and long fiber yield are determined according to GOST 10330-76.

The data of the qualitative assessment of the obtained fiber, depending on the duration of the treatment, the frequency used for the surfactant solution - solid household soap GOST 7696-55, are given in Table 1.

The effect on the quality indicators of the fiber obtained from the bast by the proposed method of various types of surfactants can be judged by the data given in Table. 2

Analysis table. 2 makes it possible to conclude that using the proposed solution it is possible to use

Surfactants of various types: anionic, cationic and non-ionic.

Comparison of the proposed method according to the mode given in experiment 6 (Table 1) is carried out with a known method based on the data given in RSFSR TU17 4191-77.

The results of the comparison of fiber quality by the main characteristics are summarized in Table. 3

The data table. 3 indicate that by

the main indicators characterizing the quality of the fiber, the fiber obtained by the proposed method, superior fiber obtained in a known manner, by

by splitting by 20%, and by the content of fires by 3-3.5 times. Therefore, the proposed solution allows improving the quality of the fiber produced, combining fiber separation and removal operations.

Of these, parts of organic substances, thereby eliminating the traditional process of chemical fiber enrichment, prevent the use of environmentally harmful substances (alkalis, acids, hydrogen peroxide, etc.), thereby ensuring the creation of environmentally friendly production with a closed water treatment cycle.

45

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of obtaining bast fiber, which includes the mechanical treatment of flax straw by crushing and scutching, emulsifying the scrubbed bast in a solution of surfactant, followed by drying and combing the fiber obtained therewith, in order to improve the processability of the process by using various types of surfactants and improving fiber yield and quality; emulsification is carried out in an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 18-23 kHz for 105-120 minutes. Table 1 Note. For runs 1, 3, 5, and 7, the processing time was 105 minutes, and for runs 2, 4, 6, and 8, the processing time was 120 minutes. table 2 Note. Anionic surfactant - solid household soap GOST 7696-55, cationic surfactant - methylbenzenesulfate diethylaminomethyl derivatives of diglycol ethers of higher fatty acids GOST 10106-62, non-ionic surfactant - polyethylene glycol ether of higher fatty alcohols GOST 10730-64. Table 3