RU2655748C1 - Microwave installation providing fur separation from the skin of rabbit hides - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to the raw materials heat treatment equipment in the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field and can be used in agriculture, for example, to selectively melt the skin of rabbit hides, to separate from the fluff and fur used in the fur products manufacturing. Microwave unit for the fluff and fur from separating the skin of the rabbit hides comprises a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding housing 7 mounted onto the mounting frame 1. Inside the body 1 a non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs is coaxially arranged. Ultrahigh-frequency generators 14 are mounted on the shielding housing 7 upper base, and from the side surface there is an outlet nozzle 13 with an exhaust fan for the mixture of fur, down and squash pneumatic transportation. Non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs rotates from the electric motor, which shaft is connected to a shaft 15 mounted inside the hollow non-ferromagnetic tube 11 with pins rigidly attached to the shielding housing 7 upper base. Perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 inner surface and the non-ferromagnetic tube 11 outer side surface comprise pegs 12. On the shielding housing 7 upper base superhigh-frequency generators 14 and a drum-type dispenser 3 are located. Dispenser 3 is made in the form of a cylinder. Inside the cylinder vertical drum with compartments 6 is arranged rotating from the electric motor. Hatches 2 and 5 are provided on the cylindrical dispenser bases. Hatch 5 is designed for raw materials supply into the drum dispenser 3 compartments 6. Hatch 2 provides raw materials supply into the coaxial resonator 9. Hatches are spatially shifted to ensure the installation radio-tightness. Annular space between the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with the pegs and the non-ferromagnetic tube 11 with the pegs 12 forms a coaxial resonator 9, to where the radiators from the microwave generators 14 are directed. Super-high-frequency generators are located along the coaxial resonator middle perimeter equal to the half of the wavelength multiple. Resonator base is perforated and conically shaped. Straight conical pegs are made of non-ferromagnetic material and are assembled in the form of combs arranged along the non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 inner side surface alternating with the perforation 10.

EFFECT: proposed microwave installation provides simultaneous loosening, fluttering and splitting of the fur fibers from squash.

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Description

The present invention relates to equipment for heat treatment of raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and can be used in agriculture, for example, for the selective heating of the skin of rabbit skins when separated from fur and fluff.

The development of rabbit breeding in Russia gives great prospects to farmers. Rabbits allow you to get several products at once: skins, meat, fluff, which makes their breeding economically viable. One rabbit for half a year of growth brings a net profit of 10 ... 35 dollars. Profit from the production and processing of fluff from one rabbit per year may amount to 4 ... 5 thousand rubles. Fur and fur products are made from them. For example, a down scarf costs 7 ... 10 thousand rubles, and weighs 300 ... 400 grams.

Rabbit meat 300 ... 400 rubles / kg, rabbit fluff 250 rubles / kg; rabbit skin 100 rubles / pcs. With 3 ... 5 rabbits you can get 1 kg of fluff. Two methods of collecting fluff are used: shearing and plucking. With a monthly collection, the hair is easily separated, the fluff in this case is more equal in length and does not fall off.

There is also a technology for cutting rabbits to collect fluff and fur. The advantage of rabbit fluff over sheep's wool is that it does not need to be washed. First remove the impurities and disassemble the fallen down. Next, comb thoroughly on a comb. Cheshalka is a bar, 15 ... 20 cm long, 12 ... 15 cm wide and 3 ... 4 cm thick. At the top of the bar, rows of steel needles or honed knitting needles are strengthened, 6 ... 7 cm high. The distance between the rows of needles is 1 cm, between the needles 0.3 cm

The fluff is placed in small strands on the needles from top to bottom and stretched in different directions. Longer fluff remains in the hands, shorter and impurities get stuck between the needles. The length of the fibers can reach up to 6 cm.

Known patent for the invention of knitted fur - this is a special fur yarn that invented Field Lishtman. A thin long continuous thread (fur yarn) is cut in a spiral from the skin, which is twisted into a ball.

It is known that there are technologies for high-frequency drying of skins on rules, including rabbit skins [2]. Moreover, the design of the working chamber of the installation is quite complicated.

Due to the fact that the sale of dried skins is very low, in most farm rabbit farms, thick-fur rabbit skins are immediately disposed of or sent to protein production workshops after shooting. It should be remembered that slaughter of rabbits is carried out before the period of their molting. Therefore, for farmers rabbit farms, we propose another technology for processing fur and fur raw materials. The technology is focused on the separation of fluff and fur from the skin and the use of fluff and fur as a valuable raw material.

The installation under development is intended to implement such a technology, namely, to separate the fluff and fur from the skin of rabbit skins due to the melting of the skin by the action of an ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field with simultaneous loosening, scuffing and separation of the fur fibers from the pulp.

When developing such a technology, we analyzed technologies and technical means intended, for example, for the primary processing of sheep’s wool [1]. It is known that in the processing line, the primary processing of wool involves the process of beating, that is, loosening of the fibrous cover and partial removal of contaminants and blockages by mechanical means. Sorted unwashed wool during beating by plucking is divided into small pieces, due to which part of the dirt is removed from the wool. On a bobbin machine, two operations are simultaneously carried out: loosening and scuffing. In the process of loosening, the parts of the fleece and large shreds of wool are divided into smaller ones, and in the process of scrubbing, loosened shreds of wool are shaken when they hit the pegs of the working bodies of the installation and the grate. The choice of the bobbin setting and the frequency of the set of cocoons is determined by the average size of the shred of wool that must be obtained when loosening. It is advisable to subject very loose wool only to beating with minimal loosening.

On continuous bobbin machines having special pegs on both drums, the bobbing process also proceeds intensively, as a result of which a large number of various contaminants are separated. When scuffing wool by plucking, the wool is divided into small pieces.

Known double-drum bobbin machine 2BT-150Sh. The gap between the drum pegs is 10 mm, and the distance to the grate is 25 mm. They are fixed to special strips that are installed on the side surfaces of the drums. The conveyor under the beater is perforated to remove dirt from the coat. This removes an average of 20% of mineral contaminants.

Next, the plucked wool enters the carding machine, where the fibers from the bunches are separated into a number of interconnected fibers and uniformly mixed short and long, coarse and thin fibers. All this provides wool fibers with greater mobility and better uniformity of distribution. For use in private courtyards, carding machines are available.

Taking into account the structural features of devices designed for primary processing of wool, a microwave chamber has been developed that provides weakening of the retention force of fluff and fur in the skin, melting of the skin, scuffing and separation of fur fibers from pulp.

An object of the invention is to develop an installation using the energy of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, which separates the fur from the skin of the skin of rabbits by weakening the strength of the lint and fur retention in the skin, melting the skin, scuffing and separation of the fur fibers from the pulp.

A microwave installation that separates fur from the skin of rabbit skins is characterized by

that a non-ferromagnetic hollow tube and a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder rotating from an electric motor, the shaft of which is connected to a shaft mounted inside the hollow non-ferromagnetic pipe rigidly attached to the upper base of the shielding housing, are coaxially mounted in a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding case containing a nozzle with an exhaust fan;

moreover, the inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder and the outer side surface of the non-ferromagnetic pipe contain non-ferromagnetic pegs,

at the same time, microwave generators and a dispenser are located on the upper base of the shielding housing, made in the form of a vertically arranged cylinder, on the bases of which there are intake and discharge hatches, and a drum with compartments, rotating from the electric motor, is vertically located inside it

the annular space between the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs and the non-ferromagnetic pipe with pegs forms a coaxial resonator, where emitters from microwave generators directed along the middle perimeter of the resonator equal to a multiple of half the wavelength are directed, and the base of the resonator is perforated and made cone-shaped,

moreover, straight cones of conical shape made of non-ferromagnetic material and assembled in the form of combs are arranged on the inner side surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder with alternating perforation.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation that provides separation of the fur from the skin of the skins of rabbits (in section, top view): 1 - mounting frame; 2 - hatch for supplying raw materials to the coaxial resonator; 3 - drum batcher of raw materials; 4 - a shaft for rotating the drum with compartments; 5 - hatch for supplying raw materials to the compartments of the drum dispenser; 6 - compartments of the drum dispenser; 7 - cylindrical shielding case; 8 - non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs; 9 - coaxial resonator; 10 - perforation of the lateral surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder; 11 - non-ferromagnetic hollow pipe; 12 - splitting on a non-ferromagnetic pipe; 13 - discharge pipe with exhaust fan for pneumatic transportation of a mixture of fur, fluff and pulley; 14 - microwave generators; 15 - shaft for electric non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation that provides separation of fur from the skin of rabbit skins (general view).

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation that provides separation of fur from the skin of rabbit skins (sectional view from below).

In FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs on the side surface and a non-ferromagnetic pipe with pegs coaxially located inside a cylindrical shielding body.

In FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of the cover of the shielding case with a microwave generator and a dispenser for feeding raw materials to the coaxial resonator (top view).

In FIG. 6 shows a spatial image of the cover of the shielding case with a microwave generator and a dispenser for supplying raw materials to the coaxial resonator (bottom view).

In FIG. 7 is a spatial view of a non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs on the side surface and a cone-shaped base.

In FIG. 8 is a spatial view of a non-ferromagnetic pipe with pegs on the side surface.

In FIG. 9 is a spatial image of a drum with compartments.

A microwave installation that provides separation of the fur from the skin of the skins of rabbits (Fig. 1) contains:

mounting frame 1; hatch for supplying raw materials to the coaxial resonator 2; drum batcher of raw materials 3; a shaft for rotating the drum with compartments 4; hatch for supplying raw materials to the compartments of the drum dispenser 5; compartments of the drum dispenser 6; cylindrical shielding housing 7; non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs 8; coaxial resonator 9; perforation of the side surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder 10; non-ferromagnetic hollow pipe 11; splitting on a non-ferromagnetic pipe 12; discharge pipe for pneumatic transportation of a mixture of fur, fluff and pulley with an exhaust fan 13; microwave generators 14; shaft for electric drive of non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 15.

The principle of operation of a microwave installation for separating fluff and fur from the skin of rabbit skins in a continuous mode is based on providing weakening of the retention force of fluff and fur in the skin, melting of the skin during selective dielectric heating and friction of the fur fibers while maintaining the presentation of fluff and fur.

A microwave installation (Fig. 1-9) providing separation of fluff and fur from the skin of rabbit skins, contains a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding housing 7 mounted on a mounting frame 1. Inside the housing 1, a non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs and a non-ferromagnetic pipe 11 with pegs are coaxially located . Microwave generators 14 are installed on the upper base of the shielding housing 7, and on the side surface there is an unloading pipe 13 with an exhaust fan for pneumatic conveying the mixture of fur, fluff and pulp.

A non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs rotates from an electric motor. The motor shaft is connected to a shaft 15 mounted inside a hollow non-ferromagnetic pipe 11 with pegs. A non-ferromagnetic pipe is rigidly attached to the upper base of the shielding housing 7. The inner side surface of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 and the outer side surface of the non-ferromagnetic pipe 11 contain pegs 12. On the upper base of the shielding housing 7 are microwave generators 14 and a drum batcher 3. The batcher 3 is made in the form vertically located cylinder. A drum with compartments 6, which rotates from an individual electric motor, is vertically located inside the cylinder. Hatches 2 and 5 are provided on the bases of the cylindrical dispenser. Hatch 5 is designed to supply raw materials to compartments 6 of the drum dispenser 3. Hatch 2 provides the supply of raw materials to the coaxial resonator 9. The hatches are spatially shifted to limit the radiation flux from the resonator through the hatch 2 (to ensure radiocontact ) The annular space 9 between the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs and the non-ferromagnetic pipe 11 with pegs 12 forms a coaxial resonator 8, where emitters from microwave generators 14 are directed. Microwave generators are located along the average perimeter of the coaxial resonator, which is a multiple of half the wavelength. The maximum number of generators depends on the ratio of the diameters of the non-ferromagnetic pipe and the non-ferromagnetic cylinder to prevent disturbance of the operation of neighboring magnetrons. The base of the resonator is perforated and made cone-shaped. The straight cones of a conical shape are made of non-ferromagnetic material and are assembled in the form of combs placed along the inner side surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 with alternation with perforation 10.

So, the working chamber is made in the form of a rotating perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder, containing on the inner side surface of the pegs. A shaft is mounted on the vertical axis of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder to rotate it using an electric motor. A fixed non-ferromagnetic pipe is put on the shaft, on the outer surface of which there are also pegs. The perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder is coaxially mounted in a cylindrical shielding housing containing a nozzle for pneumotransporting a mixture of fur with a pinch. Microwave generators and a drum feed meter are located on the upper base of the shielding housing.

The technological process of melting the skin of rabbit skins by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and the separation of fur from the pulp occurs as follows. Turn on the electric motor (shaft 4) of the drum feed meter 3 to rotate the compartments 6. Turn on the electric drive of the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with pegs. Immerse the raw materials through the hatch 5 into the compartments 6 of the drum batcher. The raw materials when moving the compartments enter through the hatch 2 into the rotating coaxial resonator 9. This occurs when the raw material compartment, when the drum rotates, joins the hatch 2. If there is raw materials in the coaxial resonator, then microwave generators 14, which are located on the base of the shielding housing 7, must be turned on. mounted on the mounting housing 1. The speed of rotation of the drum with compartments 6 are consistent with the duration of heat treatment of raw materials. A coaxial resonator is formed between the non-ferromagnetic cylinder and the coaxially arranged pipe 11. The raw materials in the coaxial resonator 9 are exposed to an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency. In this case, the skin selectively endogenously heats, melts. Due to the significant difference between the dielectric loss of the skin (the dielectric loss tangent is 0.2 ... 0.3) and the fur (the dielectric loss tangent is 0.05), the fluff and the fur practically do not heat up [2, 3].

The possibility of increasing the heating temperature of the surface layer of the skin makes it possible to weaken the retention force of the main fur several times (up to 20 times) without deteriorating its quality. The heat treatment mode depends on the condition of the fur and skin. The quality of the separated fur depends on the observance of the heat treatment regimes and the proper operation of the microwave installation.

Due to the fact that the resonator chamber simultaneously performs the function of a scutching machine, the fluff and fur are combed from the skin using pegs 8, 12 with a weakened holding force and removed through the perforated side surfaces of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder 10.

Next, the mixture of fur, fluff and pulley is transported through the pipe 13 with an exhaust fan into the cyclone. At the same time, a certain amount of fur, which is retained on the particles of the pulp, is exposed until the size of the pulp becomes smaller than the size of the perforation hole.

So, the microwave installation allows you to combine such processes as: selective endogenous heating of the skin of the skins and scuffing to loosen and remove contaminants, and separating the pulp.

It is known that kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the linear velocity. The larger the diameter of the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder and its rotation frequency, the higher the linear velocity of the end of the spike, therefore, the kinetic energy of the impact of the spike on the fibers. The efficiency of removing contaminants (the efficiency of scuffing) depends on the kinetic energy of the impact of the splitting on the fibers. It is better to comb down the fluff and fur from the skin with pegs made of non-ferromagnetic material. The pegs should be straight, conical in shape with blunt ends. Plastic pegs are not recommended, as fluff is attracted to them and sticks to them.

The design of the resonator chamber should be such that the endogenous heating inside them is the same in any part of the internal volume occupied by the multicomponent raw materials and the magnetrons should not incapacitate each other. The volume of the resonators should be large enough to process the whole skin of rabbits, but also provide a high electric field for the disinfection of raw materials. When ensuring a high electric field strength in the cavity, microorganisms are destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the load level of the cavity chambers.

The skin of rabbit skins is rather thin (3 ... 5 mm), therefore, the problem of uneven heating by thickness does not arise, since the skin thickness is 200 ... 500 times less than the working wavelength (12.24 cm). It should be borne in mind that with this technology, fluffs of somewhat reduced quality, non-uniform in length, are obtained. Allowed fluff not more than 3% of the total mass.

Microwave performance depends on the number of microwave generators. Microwave power is controlled using several microwave generators.

Information sources

1. Ivashov, V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises / V.I. Ivashov. - M .: Kolos, 2001 .-- 552 p.

2. Patent 2011682 of the Russian Federation, IPC C14B 1/58. A dryer for fur and fur raw materials / Tsuglenok N.V., Zaitsev V.E., Novikova G.V., Nemkov S.N .; Applicant and patent holder Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. - No. 4907723/12; declared 02/04/1991; publ. 04/30/1994.

3. Rogov, I.A. Electrophysical, optical and acoustic characteristics of food products / I.A. Rogov, V.Ya. Adamenko, S.V. Nekrutman et al. M .: Light and food industry, 1981. - 288 p.

Claims (6)

A microwave installation that separates the fur from the skin of the skins of rabbits is characterized by that a non-ferromagnetic hollow tube and a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylinder rotating from an electric motor, the shaft of which is connected to a shaft mounted inside the hollow non-ferromagnetic pipe rigidly attached to the upper base of the shielding housing, are coaxially mounted in a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding case containing a nozzle with an exhaust fan; moreover, the inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder and the outer side surface of the non-ferromagnetic pipe contain non-ferromagnetic pegs, at the same time, ultrahigh-frequency oscillators and a dispenser are located on the upper base of the shielding housing, made in the form of a vertically arranged cylinder, on the bases of which hatches are provided, receiving and unloading, spatially shifted, and inside it is vertically located a drum with compartments rotating from the electric motor, the annular space between the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with pegs and the non-ferromagnetic pipe with pegs forms a coaxial resonator, where emitters from microwave generators directed along the middle perimeter of the resonator equal to a multiple of half the wavelength are directed, and the base of the resonator is perforated and made cone-shaped, moreover, straight cones of conical shape made of non-ferromagnetic material and assembled in the form of combs are arranged on the inner side surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder with alternating perforation.

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