RU2557503C1 - Training method of motor actions and techniques - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: allowed areas are formed, using light-dynamic illumination, in which the athlete must be situated, holding the sports equipment, at that the position, shape and size of these areas are changed unpredictably for the athlete. However, within sight of the athlete a light mark is formed, on which the athlete should focus his chest during the exercise. It is given for the purpose of training movement backward, with sidestep, crossover step or combined step. Depending on the readiness of the athlete the speed level of transformation and displacement of the areas on the playing field is set. With proper orientation of the athlete to the mark and in the absence of his step to the forbidden area, the free space around the athlete is reduced, and the dynamics of the game is increased till the athlete is not able to perform correctly the exercise. The technical readiness of the athlete is determined based on the minimum size, maximum speed of the allowed area in which the athlete performing this exercise does not make mistakes. Comparing the results of indicators of different training, it is possible to assess the dynamics of development of motor skills and technical readiness of the athlete.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of training of athletes when formation of their different motor abilities.

Description

The invention relates to physical education and sports, and is intended primarily for training motor actions and techniques in football, hockey and basketball. However, this invention may find application in other sports, as well as in physiological, medical and sports science and practice.

Technical action training is most typical for the first stage of an athlete’s technical training, covering the so-called “basic” technical training stage, in which the basic elements of a stick or ball possession technique are transmission, dribbling, stroke, throw and strike [1-4].

According to the research of V.V. Plotnikova [3] the effectiveness of technical actions in hockey, in particular strokes, should be above 46.5%. According to V.V. Suvorov [1], the effectiveness of a stroke among young football players is less than 60%, but it is used relatively rarely in the structure of competitive activity, not more than 7% of the total amount of technical actions, which is a consequence of insufficient training in this element of the game technique.

The traditional methods of technical training are more than 40 years old, so the problem of growing technical skill is an entrenched system of teaching elements of technology. According to M.A. Vershinin et al. [5] need a systematic approach to the development and improvement of the methodology for training technical actions in sports games, which involves the search and development of new solutions.

Light interactive panels and an interactive floor are known to which an image is transmitted, capable of changing depending on the movements of a person. Using interactive computer graphics allows you to create a large number of dynamic lighting effects on the surface of an interactive floor [6].

However, such systems are not intended for sports training.

Close in technical essence to the proposed method is a method where the training of athletes with a sports equipment is carried out on the playing field with controlled dynamic lighting. Using the dynamic lighting, the allowed zones are set in which the athlete must be holding the sports equipment, while the position, shape and area of the allowed zones are unpredictably changed for the athlete. If possible, the athlete to constantly be and keep the sports equipment in the permitted area is judged on the growth of sportsman’s sportsmanship and on the effectiveness of training [7].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to train versatile motor actions and techniques of the athlete.

For the effective development of an athlete, it is important to have actions close to a real game in the arsenal of training exercises, including back-to-back running, step steps and jumping. Back-running, added and cross steps are used by almost all players to change their position and when escorting an enemy who owns a shell and tries to apply a stroke.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of training of motor actions and techniques of the athlete.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the coach or athlete selects a program that sets the training mode, where the athletes train on the playing field with controlled dynamic lighting. Using the dynamic lighting, the allowed zones are set in which the athlete must be holding the sports equipment, while the position, shape and area of the allowed zones are unpredictably changed for the athlete. Change of zones and training mode can be set by the trainer manually or by a hardware-software complex. Moreover, it is new that a training regime is set where a stationary or mobile reference point is formed within the athlete’s visibility, on which the athlete should orient his chest while performing his exercises; the landmark is created using a light mark on the planes of the surrounding space or physical objects of a given volume and shape.

The proposed method of training motor actions and techniques is as follows. The coach or athlete selects a program that sets the training mode, in which allowed and forbidden light-dynamic zones are formed on the playing field, moved manually or by a hardware-software complex.

Depending on the athlete’s preparedness, a speedy level of transformation and movement of zones on the playing field is set. For beginners, the minimum speed is set. More prepared athletes are presented with complex tasks that imitate the game with an experienced opponent.

The athlete's task is to stay within the boundaries of the allowed light-dynamic zone, while controlling the movement of the landmark mark and performing motor actions with technical techniques, orienting his chest to the presented landmark.

A mistake is recognized when an athlete enters the prohibited area or when performing motor and technical actions in a position that is not oriented to the mark.

In the absence of interventions by the athlete to the forbidden zone, the free space around the athlete, the area of the allowed zone, is reduced, and the dynamics of the game is increased until the athlete can accurately perform this exercise.

By the minimum size, maximum speed of the allowed zone, at which the athlete, performing this exercise, does not make mistakes, judge the athlete's technical preparedness and its quality of motor actions.

Example. On the playground, the soccer player with the ball is located in the permitted area - in the center of the light spot with a diameter of two meters. The spot is unpredictable for the athlete to move within the playing area with a hardware-software complex. The athlete moves the sports equipment following the center of the allowed area. A trainer’s command is given to carry out the next exercise, with the athlete’s chest oriented to the mark created by the trainer at the border of the light spot with a colored laser pointer. The athlete controls the movement of the laser mark and the boundaries of the allowed zone, moving the sports equipment with the orientation of his chest to the mark. At the same time, the coach observes the quality and speed of the player’s diverse actions and offers him a greater amount of training work to practice the techniques that are performed by the athlete with a large number of errors.

When implementing the inventive method, well-known technical solutions and means can be used, including the use of known or original software.

The inventive method allows to increase the efficiency of training of motor actions and techniques in playing sports, as well as to assess the preparedness of athletes at all stages of their professional career.

This method makes it possible to organize the technical training of athletes at a qualitatively new level, where the training is as variable as possible, close to the real conditions of the game and has the effect of the presence of actively opposing rivals.

The proposed method allows to intensify the development of athletes according to the required characteristics, taking into account the assessment of the current functional fitness of the player. Thanks to the artificially created environment, training tasks are performed with the optimal speed and the required number of repetitions until the desired skill is mastered. Comparing the results of indicators of multi-time training, you can evaluate the dynamics of the development of motor skills and the athlete's technical preparedness.

Thus, the claimed method of training motor actions and techniques of an athlete has new properties that determine the receipt of a positive effect.

Information sources

1. Suvorov V.V. Individual typological indicators of technical and tactical actions of football players 12-15 years old // Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgaft. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 85-89.

2. Rami Z. M. A. Age-related differentiation of the composition of the criteria for selecting young athletes for specialization in futsal // Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 3: Pedagogy and Psychology. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 232-236.

3. Plotnikov VV Technical and tactical training of hockey players at the stage of in-depth specialization // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 211-214.

4. Bykov A.V. Programmed training in motor actions in team game sports // Bulletin of the Penza State Pedagogical University. V.G. Belinsky. - 2012. - No. 28. - S. 707-710.

5. Vershinin Μ.Α., Korzun D.L., Moskvichev Yu.N. Comparative analysis of the technical and tactical actions of young football players // Fundamental Research. - 2013. - No. 6-4. - S. 976-981.

6. Eagles Hi-Tech // Marketingpro. - 2009. - No. 3. - V. 52. - P. 76.

7. Patent 2444392 of the Russian Federation, IPC А63В 69/00. The method of training players and athletes / Afonshin V.E .; publ. 03/10/12, Bull. Number 7.

Claims (1)

A method of training motor actions and techniques, including performing a training on a field with controlled light-dynamic lighting, with which help create the permitted zones in which the athlete should be holding the sports equipment, while changing the position, shape and area of the allowed zones unpredictably for the athlete, modes training is set manually or by a hardware-software complex, characterized in that in order to increase the training efficiency, a training mode is set where and the athlete forms a stationary or mobile reference point to which the athlete should orient his chest while performing his motor actions and techniques; the landmark is created using a light mark on the planes of the surrounding space or physical objects of a given volume and shape.