RU2557172C2 - Processing line for processing wastes into compost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of processing wastes into compost. The processing line comprises devices of receiving, humidification, unloading, and modules made of heat-insulating enclosure panels. The modules are mounted sequentially in cascade coming down from the first to the final. The output part of the previous module is mounted above the inlet part of the next module. At the end of each module a stirring device is mounted in the form of horizontal shafts with beaters, and a hopper with dispenser of additives. The modules are equipped with conveyors and individual ventilation system with the ability of automatic regulation of the exchange and temperature of the air. The terminal devices of the ventilating system are made in the form of perforated air ducts. The air ducts are arranged along the conveyors and in the side walls of the modules with the descend to the final relative to each other. The modules comprise the moulding and the working chambers. The chambers are integrated by conveyors and blocked off by the valves-flanges. At least two modules are formed as modules of composting and germination of mycelium. The line comprises at least two modules of composting. At the beginning of the modules of composting the alignment devices are mounted.

EFFECT: reduction of time of composting and increase in the efficiency of waste processing is ensured.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a production line for processing waste into compost, and can be used for the preparation of organic fertilizers from agricultural waste, for example in the production of mushrooms.

State of the art

A known line of biothermal processing of organic waste into compost, containing means for preventing the formation of dosing feeders for manure, peat and other components of compost associated with a heat-insulating waste processing tank, which is in communication with the biological product collector and through a pump and a set of pipelines with a tank for a biological product having a device for preventing the formation of sediment, a device for mixing and grinding waste and compost components and means for heating and aeration, conveyors for loading waste and unloading compost, while the waste processing tank is made up of a set of chambers adjacent to each other, each of which is equipped with an air channel located in its bottom and connected to the heating and aeration means, upper part of which is made of a set of inclined plates placed on both sides one below the other and fixed at a distance from one another, and also located on both sides of the channel and communicated with the conveyor for Booting compost unloading auger, wherein the means for heating and aeration of the waste is in the form of the heater, which is provided with ducts for communication with the valves of said heater with a device for mixing and grinding of waste and the compost components, and with said air passage.

In the line, each discharge auger is equipped with a groove, the wall of which is adjacent to the air channel and is located under the edge of the lower inclined plate of the latter.

The line is equipped with a straw dosing feeder with a means of preventing arch formation, while each of the peat, manure and straw dosing feeders is equipped with a means for grinding these components.

In the line, the device for mixing and grinding waste is provided with a casing with loading and unloading necks and is communicated with a means of heating and aeration of the waste, while the unloading neck of the device is connected to each of the chambers of the waste recycling tank through conveyors (see US Pat. RU No. 2034429, IPC А01С 3/00, published on 05/10/1995).

The disadvantage of this line is the design complexity, low productivity.

A known line for processing organic waste into biocompost, containing containers for the starting components, connected to the unit for preliminary preparation of the mixture, which has a device for mixing and grinding, as well as a device for aeration with air, and the device for disinfecting the mixture is made in the form of fermenters, the upper part of each which are communicated with the unit of its preliminary preparation, which is the capacity of two trailers-spreaders, unloading conveyors which are installed throughout the area the bottom of these tanks is combined with a guide casing with the discharge screw of the mixer located under these discharge conveyors, above which grinding choppers are fixed, closed on top with a reflective casing made in the form of an arc, while the fermenters are equipped with discharge conveyors located around the bottom, as well as a metering a shutter that allows for uniform loading of the conveyor belt and filling machines; temperature sensors and a gas analyzer located inside are additionally installed orpusa fermenter and connected to an electric control unit for the composting process parameters (see. US Pat. RU No. 2336252, IPC С05F 3/06, publ. October 20, 2008).

The disadvantage of this processing line is its low productivity, which does not allow its use in enterprises with a large yield of agricultural waste.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive result and adopted by the author for the prototype is a compost machine for the production of mushrooms, containing a self-propelled carrier frame, a storage device with an inclined feed conveyor, a breaker drum and a throwing device installed behind it, a molding chamber, while between an inclined finger drum is mounted with an inclined conveyor and a throwing device, the supporting frame is made in the form of two means that can be joined together m brackets and finger parts, wherein the storage device with an inclined conveyor and a pneumatic drum arranged on one frame part, and the intake drum and hurls device molding chamber - to another.

In the machine, the throwing device is made in the form of several shafts installed in parallel with each other with beats (see AS SU No. 895351, IPC A01G 1/04, publ. 07.01.1982).

The disadvantage of this machine is the low production efficiency, as well as the fact that it does not create the necessary conditions for each individual composting process, does not contain devices for adjusting these processes, and does not ensure environmental cleanliness of production.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a production line for processing waste into compost, which has a reduced composting time, increased efficiency, reduced labor and energy intensity while ensuring environmental cleanliness of production.

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is to reduce the time of composting, increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of production.

The technical result is achieved using a production line for processing waste into compost containing a device for receiving, moistening, mixing, aeration, unloading, and the devices are made in the form of at least two modules made of insulating enclosing panels, one of which is made in in the form of a composting module, and which are installed sequentially in the production line one after another, cascading down from the first to the final one so that the output section of the previous module is installed above the input section and the subsequent one, and at the end of the module, a mixing device is installed in the form of horizontal shafts with beats fixed in them and a hopper with an additive dispenser, each module is equipped with conveyors with the ability to move the composted mass, an individual ventilation system with the ability to automatically control for exchange and air temperature, while the end devices of the latter are made in the form of perforated ducts and are placed along the conveyors and in the side walls of the module relative to each other ha with decreasing to the final, with each module including the molding and working chambers, united by conveyors and cut off by flap-sides, and at the beginning of the composting module there is a leveling device.

In the production line, at least two modules are made in the form of a module for the fermentation and germination of mycelium.

Thus, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that composting of waste and waste is carried out using receiving, humidifying, mixing, aeration, unloading devices, while the devices are assembled into modules made of heat-insulating enclosing panels and installed sequentially in the production line one after to others, cascading down from the first to the final so that the output section of the module is installed above the input section of the subsequent one, while the input section forms a molding chamber with a leveling with a triad, and at the end of the module there is a mixing device in the form of horizontal shafts with beats fixed in them and a hopper with a dispenser, in addition, each module is equipped with conveyors, on which the compostable mass moves, with an individual ventilation system, automatically regulated by exchange and air temperature, end devices of which in the form of perforated ducts are placed along the conveyors and in the side walls of the module, while the number of modules included in the production line depends on t adopted technology for processing and destination of the final product.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the production line for processing waste into compost, side view, section.

Figure 2 is the same, cross section of the composting module.

The implementation of the invention

The production line for processing waste into compost contains a receiving module 1 in the form of a rectangular-shaped container open at the top with a soaking system and a bottom, which is used as a drain pan 2, conveyors 3 installed along the receiving module 1, pump 4, connected by pipelines 5 to the pallet 2 and nozzles 6, a mixing device 7, made in the form of horizontal shafts located one above the other, with spiral beams (not shown), at least one composter module 8 and for separating the volumes of the receiving module 1 from the composting module 8, there is a flap-board 9 with an actuator lifting it (not shown in FIG.), subsequent modules 10 and 11, the modules 8, 10 and 11 being connected in series with the receiving module 1, installed cascade relative to each other, decreasing from the first to the final so that the output section, for example, module 8 is installed above the input section of the subsequent one and are made of heat-insulating panels, are closed containers, divided into two chambers 12 and 13: molding and working, respectively Naturally, they include at least two conveyors 3 each, and the molding chamber 12 includes an additive hopper 14 with a dispenser 15 and a leveling device 16, are isolated from the previous module or 1 or 8 or 10 by a shutter-flap 9 and are equipped with adjustable louvres 17 on one side of the flap board 9 and an exhaust on the other side of the side 9 with fan 18, the working chambers 13 are equipped with conveyors 3, a mixing device 7 and a flap board 9, perforated air ducts 19 ra are placed under the conveyors 3 uniform distribution of air, the fan 18 is tied with air ducts 20 in such a way that air is taken from the upper zone of the module, for example, 8 with a suction of atmospheric air through the damper 21, and injection is made into the perforated air ducts 19 of uniform distribution in the lower and side parts 22 of the modules 8, 10 , 11, through the duct 20 with the open air dampers 23, the exhaust gas mixture is discharged (FIG. not shown), while actuators 24 are installed on the air dampers 23, which control the opening of the air dampers 23 from the temperature signal (not shown in FIG.).

Moreover, if the production line for processing waste into compost is used as a utilizer, then it is equipped with a receiving device 1 with at least two composting modules 8 and a storage hopper (not indicated in Fig.), And if used in industry for the production of compost for growing mushrooms, the production line consists of a receiving device 1 of at least two composting modules 8, a fermentation module 10, a mycelium germination module 11 and a shipping hopper (not shown in FIG.), with modules 10 and 11 being made similarly, at least two composting modules 8, but are additionally equipped with louvre grilles 17, fan 18, biofilters 25, dampers 26 for ventilation and air heaters 27.

The production line for processing waste into compost is operated as follows.

Waste and debris, for example, of livestock farms, including litter, are dumped from vehicles (not shown in Fig.) Into a receiving hopper 1, liquid wastes are poured onto the waste, the excess moisture of which drains into the tray 2, and if the moisture is insufficient, then turn on the pump 4, which by drains from the pallet 2 through the pipeline 5 and nozzle 6 moisturizes the waste by spraying, while when the humidity of the waste is sufficient for composting, include conveyors 3 and a mixing device 7, the waste moving on conveyors 3 to stirring device 7, they are torn off in small parts from the total mass by beats and thrown into the molding chamber 12, where on the fly these particles are mixed with additives waking up from the additive hopper 14 through the dispenser 15 and fall onto the conveyors 3 of the first composting module 8, and when the molding chamber 12 of the first composting module 8 will be filled to the level of the leveling device 16, the drives of the conveyors 3 are turned on and the compostable mass moves on the conveyors 3 to the stop in the mixing device 7 of the first composting module 8 while the gate shutter-board 9 is closed, the drives of the conveyors 3, the mixing device 7 and the fan 18 are turned off in the recirculation mode, and when the mass is heated with fresh air being fed through the ducts 19, composting is carried out to a temperature of 48-52 ° C, after which it is stopped ventilation process, open the flap-board 9 into the molding chamber 12 of the next module 8, turn on the conveyors 3 and the mixing device 7 of the first module 8, and when the mass level in the molding chamber 12 of the next module 8 reaches the leveling devices 16 include conveyors 3 of the second module 8, while if the supply of waste and waste is carried out uniformly, the composting process is continuous, without stopping the conveyors 3, mixing devices 7 and ventilation, however, the composting process can also be step-by-step, the ventilation modes of each module 8 , 10, 11, which are made of heat-insulating panels, are individual and are installed automatically, and when the temperature rises to an upper set value, the signal from the temperature sensors is transmitted to the actuators 24, the valve 23 opens, fresh air enters, while air is drawn from the upper zone of the module, for example, 8 with a suction of atmospheric air through the valve 21, and injection into the perforated air ducts 19 of uniform distribution in the lower and side parts 22 of the modules 8 , 10, 11, through the duct 19 with the air shutters 23 open, and the exhaust gas mixture is discharged (FIG. not shown), and actuators 24 are installed on the air shutters 23, which control the opening of the air shutters 23 from the signal of the sensors (not shown in FIG.) temperature, while the air pumped into the perforated ducts 19 lowers the temperature of the compost mass, and when the temperature of the composted mass reaches the lower set limit, the signal from the temperature sensors closes the shutters 21 and 23, the air is recycled, accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the composted assy, moreover, the control and regulation of temperature conditions in all modules 8, 10, 11 is similar and is solved by feeding the ventilation flaps 21 with atmospheric air or by changing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the air heater 27, then the compost enters the storage hopper, and if the production line is used in industry for the production of compost for growing mushrooms, it consists of a receiving module 1, at least two composting modules 8, a fermentation module 10, a mycelium germination module 11 and a shipping hopper (on FIG. not shown), and the modules 10 and 11 are made similar to at least two composting modules 8, but are additionally equipped with louvre grilles 17, a fan 18, biofilters 25, dampers 26 for ventilation and air heaters 27, while the production line operates in step mode , inoculation of compost with mycelium is also carried out through the hopper 15, and the module 11 of germination of the mycelium is increased in volume.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- reduction of composting time;

- increase in efficiency;

- reduction of labor and energy intensity;

- ensuring environmental cleanliness of production.

Claims (2)

1. A production line for processing waste into compost, containing receiving, moistening, unloading devices, as well as modules made of heat-insulating enclosing panels, at least two of which are made in the form of composting modules, and which are installed sequentially in a production line one after another , cascading down from the first to the final so that the output section of the previous module is installed above the input section of the next, and at the end of each module a mixing device is installed in the form of horizontal shafts with beats fixed in them and a hopper with an additive dispenser, each module equipped with conveyors with the ability to move the composted mass, an individual ventilation system with the ability to automatically control the exchange and air temperature, while the end devices of the latter are made in the form of perforated air ducts and placed along conveyors and in the side walls of the module relative to each other with decreasing to the final, each module includes a molding and working chambers, volume dintered by conveyors and cut off by flapper-sides, and at the beginning of each of the composting modules a leveling device is installed. 2. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two modules are made in the form of a fermentation and germination module of the mycelium.

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