RU2555035C2 - Method for production of starting combined fodder for juvenile trepangs and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fishery, in particular, to its mariculture branch, and may be used for production of starting fodder and its application for feeding juvenile trepangs after their larva development completion. The method includes dry components milling, mixing, packing, packaging into bags made of polymer materials, tight closure and storage. The fodder recipe composition includes sargassum, soft non-edible tissues of Far Eastern bivalve mollusks remaining after their dressing, soya meal, fish meal, mollusk shells, natural detritus, eleuterococcus leaves or roots. The starting combined fodder is intended for feeding juvenile trepangs after their larva development completion for the zoids size and body weight to be 8-10 mm and 30 mg respectively.

EFFECT: invention implementation ensures production of highly effective natural fodder product having high nutritional value and resistance to microbial and oxidative spoilage.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of fisheries, in particular to the section of mariculture, and can be used in the production of starter feed and its use for feeding unpigmented young trepang.

One of the main factors in the reproduction of Apostychopus japonicus trepangs under artificial conditions is feed. It is known that at each stage of development of young trepang significant changes in the structure of their digestive system and enzymatic activity occur, which determines the nature of consumption and utilization of feed. In this regard, when cultivating trepang in the factory, it is necessary to develop and use feeds taking into account their biological state, i.e. developmental stages.

In the practice of cultivation of trepang since the formation of juveniles after larval development, its feeding is carried out by finely ground algae - sargassum. The duration of feeding is 5-7 days. After reaching 70-80% of juvenile trepang body size from 2 to 10 mm, it is necessary to use the starting highly digestible combination feed, which ensures the intensification of anabolic processes. During this period, the amount of protein and fat in the feed should be in a ratio of 10: 1. High fat content reduces body weight gain of juvenile sea cucumber.

Currently, the artificial production of trepang in Russia uses Chinese-made feed, which, after the formation of juveniles, provides an increase in body weight per day by 2.6-2.9%.

Known recipes of domestic feed for trepang and methods for their preparation, but all of them are developed without taking into account the physiological characteristics of different age categories and nutritional needs.

There is a method of obtaining a feed product from silty sludge of treatment facilities (RF Patent 2343712, A23K 1/00, published on January 20, 2009), including separation or natural fermentation of activated sludge for 0.5-6 months, adding additional components to it (fish flour, algal flour and fodder yeast), mixing, adding sea water or saline in the ratio of dry mix: sea water or saline 1: 2-3, heat treatment at a temperature of 98-105 ° C for at least 30 minutes.

The disadvantage of this method is the lengthy process of obtaining feed and its high cost.

A known method of producing feed, including enzymatic waste in the processing of shellfish and dry grape or tomato meal (RF Patent 2021740, A23K 1/20, publ. 1994).

The disadvantage of this method of obtaining feed is the low nutritional value of the product.

A known method of obtaining a feed product by mixing animal and plant materials, fermentation, adding a fat component (RF Patent 2141228, A23L 1/325, A23K 1/10, publ. 1999). The components are mixed in the ratio of proteins: carbohydrates 1: 3, then the mixture is fermented at a temperature of 10-30 ° C for 12-72 hours, after which 1 part of the fat component is added, the mass is heated to 60-90 ° C, and kept for 12-24 hours before the formation of the finished product.

The disadvantage of this method of obtaining feed is a high fat content and low shelf life.

Closest to the technological solution is a method of manufacturing food for echinoderms (RF Patent 2410896, A23K 1/10, publ. 08/10/2010), including mixing animal and vegetable raw materials, fermentation, homogenization, which uses fish waste, kelp, baking waste and insides of cucumaria. All components are mixed, ground, mixed, then the mixture is fermented at a temperature of 30 ° C for 4-8 hours, where the entrails of cucumaria act as an enzyme preparation, then high molecular weight chitosan is added in an amount of 0.02-0.3 wt.%, The mixture homogenized to a homogeneous state, dried at a temperature of 60-80 ° C until the moisture content in the finished product is not more than 10-12%, then the finished product is crushed to obtain strong granules.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the technology, depending on the collection of waste from various industries (fish, bakery), which is simultaneously difficult to combine. For example, the lack of viscera of cucumaria prevents the production of this food. In addition, the use of expensive components - high molecular weight chitosan leads to a rise in the cost of feed.

The proposed method allows to obtain a starter feed for unpigmented juvenile sea cucumber, including components that ensure the intensification of anabolic processes and a rapid increase in their body weight.

The objective of this invention is to obtain a highly effective natural feed product for feeding juvenile sea cucumber from the age of 5-7 days after its appearance and until the pigmentation of the skin-muscle bag is completed.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to create a feed of high nutritional value and increased utilization by introducing sources of high-grade protein, vitamins and biological growth stimulants into its composition.

The problem is solved in that the method of preparation of starter food intended for feeding juveniles after larval development of trepang involves the use of dry finely ground components: seaweed Sargassum sargassum, soft tissues of processing waste from Far Eastern bivalve mollusks, soy flour, fish meal, mollusk shells, natural , leaves or roots of Eleutherococcus, recipe preparation, thorough mixing, packaging and storage.

The composition of the initial mixture for the preparation of starter feed enter the listed components in the ratio shown in table 1.

Table 1 The ratio of components in the mixture to obtain starter feed Components The amount,% of the total mass of the product Dry sargassum 40-50 Dried soft tissue of bivalve mollusk processing waste 10 Dry detritus 5-7 Soya flour 5 Fish flour 5 Clam shell powder 3-5 Dried Eleutherococcus leaves and roots 20-30

The technical result of this method is represented by a natural feed product obtained from dry components, characterized by a pleasant smell of seafood, a light gray color, finely ground homogeneous loose mass, capable of storage at a temperature of 0 ° C to 22 ° C for 18 months without changing the structure quality and safety indicators; resistant to microbial and oxidative damage.

The feed is used to feed the unpigmented juvenile sea cucumber. The feed is introduced into vessels with trepang young rearing young animals with a size of not more than 1 cm and a body weight of not more than 30 mg at a planting density of 200-300 copies. per 1 square. m. in the amount of 15-20 g per day. The combined composition of the starter feed provides a high average daily gain in body weight of juvenile sea cucumber - from 4.6 to 5.8%. When using mixed feeds of Chinese production, the increase in body weight of juvenile sea cucumber per day does not exceed 2.2%. The intensive increase in body mass of juvenile sea cucumber when using starter feed is due to the intensification of anabolic (synthetic) processes in the animal's body due to the presence of a highly digestible protein component, the presence of vitamins and biologically active substances as growth accelerators. Sargassum or sea grapes, which are part of the feed, is an edible food material used by trepang in nature, characterized by a small nutritional value, but with a high fiber content and a rich diverse composition of trace elements. The dried soft tissues of the Far Eastern bivalves, representing waste after cutting scallops, mussels, anadara, spizula, mussels, maktra, greenland cerrispis, as well as fishmeal, are sources of complete animal proteins with a balanced amino acid composition, a complex of minerals and B vitamins. Soybean flour It is a source of plant proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Dry detritus is a silty sediment used by trepang for nutrition in nature. The powder from bivalve mollusk shells is a source of minerals. Eleutherococcus is a source of biologically active substances that have a stimulating and tonic effect, affecting the growth and development of the animal’s body, and increase their productivity. For example, eleutherococcus is traditionally used in livestock, poultry, beekeeping and other industries as a growth promoter and adaptogen. Unlike other aralia plants, eleutherococcus does not have saponins, it contains glucose, fatty and essential oils, pectin substances, starch, anthocyanins and other valuable substances, which increases the resistance of the animal organism to adverse environmental factors and the harmful effects of various physical, chemical and biological factors.

The following examples show specific options for obtaining a starter combined feed and how to use it for feeding unpigmented trepang juveniles.

Example 1

To obtain a combined starter feed, the following dry, finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 40.0, soft tissues of waste from processing Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 10.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish flour - 5.0, mollusk shells - 3.0, natural detritus - 7, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 30.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used when growing juvenile sea cucumber after its formation for 15-20 days until reaching a body size of 8-10 mm and weighing 30 mg. The average daily weight gain of juvenile sea cucumber is 5.8%.

Example 2

To obtain a combined starter feed, the following dry, finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 50.0, soft tissues of the waste from processing Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 10.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish meal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 5, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 20.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used when growing juvenile sea cucumber after its formation for 15-20 days until reaching a body size of 8-10 mm and weighing 30 mg. The average daily weight gain of juvenile sea cucumber is 4.6%.

Example 3

To obtain a combined starter feed, the following dry, finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 20.0, soft tissues of waste from processing Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 20.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish flour - 10.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 20, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 20.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used when growing juvenile sea cucumber after its formation for 15-20 days until reaching a body size of 8-10 mm and weighing 30 mg. The average daily weight gain of juvenile sea cucumber is 2.7%.

Example 4

To obtain a combined starter feed, the following dry finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 30.0, soft tissue from waste processing of Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 15.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish meal - 10.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 15, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 10.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used when growing juvenile sea cucumber after its larval development for 15-20 days until reaching a body size of 8-10 mm and weighing 30 mg. The average daily weight gain of juvenile sea cucumber is 2.1%.

Example 5

To obtain a combined starter feed, the following dry finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 30.0, soft tissue of waste from scallop processing - 10.0, soy flour - 10.0, fish meal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5 , 0, natural detritus - 5, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 25.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used when growing juvenile sea cucumber after its larval development for 15-20 days until reaching a body size of 8-10 mm and weighing 30 mg. The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 2.6%.

Claims (2)

1. The method of preparation of the starting combined feed for juvenile sea cucumber, including grinding dry components, mixing, packaging, packaging in bags of polymer materials, hermetic capping and storage, characterized in that the composition of the feed includes the following components in the amount, wt.%: sargassum - 40.0-50, soft non-food tissues of Far Eastern bivalve mollusks after cutting - 10.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish meal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 5, leaves or roots Eleutherococcus - 20.0-30.0. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting combination feed is intended for feeding juvenile sea cucumber after larval development to achieve an individual size of 8-10 mm and a body weight of 30 mg, provides an increase in body weight per day of 4.6-5.8 %