RU2555826C2 - Method of obtaining production combined feed for young sea cucumber and its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fishery, in particular to the section of mariculture, and can be used in the manufacture of production combined feed for the cultivation of young sea cucumber. The method comprises grinding the components, compounding the mixture, stirring, packaging to bags of polymeric materials, hermetic sealing, and storage. The composition of the mixture consists of dry finely ground components: sargassum, soft tissues of processing wastes of Far East bivalves, soy meat, fish meal, mollusk shells, natural detritus, leaves or roots of eleutherococcus or magnolia-vine. All the components are used in a specific ratio by weight.

EFFECT: invention provides obtaining highly effective natural food product for feeding pigmented young sea cucumber from the moment of completion of the pigmentation of the skin-muscular sac to a viable stage.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of fisheries, in particular, to the section of mariculture, and can be used in the production and use of production combined feeds for the artificial cultivation of juvenile trepang.

Nutrient requirements for juvenile trepang Apostychopus japonicus during cultivation under artificial conditions correspond to the stage of its development. Pigmented juvenile sea cucumber, whose initial body weight is at least 30 mg, size - at least 8-10 mm, is characterized by a formed digestive system with enzymatic activity, providing high utilization of feed. Until the viable stage, pigmented juveniles are grown for 45-60 days, during which the body weight reaches at least 1000 mg and the size is from 15 to 30 mm.

At present, in Russia, artificially grown pigmented juvenile sea cucumber is grown to a viable stage using Chinese-made feed. Own long-term studies have shown that these feeds provide an average daily weight gain of pigmented juvenile trepans of no more than 2.2%. The duration of feeding is at least 60 days.

Recipes of domestic feeds for trepang and methods for their preparation are known, but all of them are developed without taking into account the physiological characteristics of various age categories and the nutritional needs of an object.

There is a method of obtaining a feed product from silty sludge of treatment facilities (RF Patent 2343712, A23K 1/00, published on January 20, 2009), including separation or natural fermentation of activated sludge for 0.5-6 months, adding additional components to it (fish flour, algal flour and fodder yeast), stirring, adding sea water or saline in the ratio of dry mix: sea water or saline 1: 2-3, heat treatment at a temperature of 98-105 ° C for at least 30 minutes.

The disadvantage of this method is the lengthy process of obtaining feed and its cost.

A known method of producing feed, including enzymatic waste in the processing of shellfish and dry grape or tomato meal (RF Patent 2021740, A23K 1/20, publ. 1994).

The disadvantage of this method of obtaining feed is the low nutritional value of the product.

A known method of obtaining a feed product by mixing animal and vegetable raw materials, fermentation, adding a fat component (RF Patent 2141228, A23L 1/325, A23K 1/10, publ. 1999). The components are mixed in the ratio of proteins: carbohydrates 1: 3, then the mixture is fermented at a temperature of 10-30 ° C for 12-72 hours, after which 1 part of the fat component is added, the mass is heated to 60-90 ° C, and kept for 12-24 hours before the formation of the finished product.

The disadvantage of this method of obtaining feed is a high fat content and low shelf life.

Closest to the technological solution is a method of manufacturing food for echinoderms (RF Patent 2410896, A23K 1/10, publ. 08/10/2010), including mixing animal and vegetable raw materials, fermentation, homogenization, which uses fish waste, kelp, baking waste and insides of cucumaria. All components are mixed, crushed, mixed, after which the mixture is fermented at a temperature of 30 ° C for 4-8 hours, where the entrails of cucumaria act as an enzyme preparation, then high molecular weight chitosan is added in an amount of 0.02-0.3 wt.%, the mixture is homogenized to a homogeneous state, dried at a temperature of 60-80 ° C until the moisture content in the finished product is not more than 10-12%, the finished product is crushed to obtain strong granules.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the technology, depending on the collection of waste from various industries (fish, bakery), which is simultaneously difficult to combine. For example, the absence of the entrails of cucumaria will not allow the production of this food. In addition, the use of expensive components - high molecular weight chitosan leads to a rise in the cost of feed.

The proposed method allows to obtain a production feed for feeding pigmented juvenile sea cucumber, including components that ensure the intensification of anabolic processes and a high increase in their body weight.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a highly effective natural feed product for feeding pigmented juvenile sea cucumber from the moment of completion of pigmentation of the skin-muscle sac to a viable stage.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to create a feed of high nutritional value and increased absorption through the introduction of sources of high-grade protein, vitamins and biological active substances that stimulate the growth and development of the object.

The problem is solved in that the method of preparation of production feed intended for feeding juvenile sea cucumber after reaching a body size of more than 10 mm and a weight of 30 mg involves grinding of dry components: seaweed Sargassum Sargassum, soft tissue waste processing Far Eastern bivalves, soy flour, fish flour, shells of mollusks, natural detritus, leaves or roots of Eleutherococcus or Schisandra, preparation of a mixture according to the recipe, thorough mixing, packing in polymer bags aterialov and hermetically sealed, storage.

The composition of the initial mixture for the preparation of production feed introduce the listed components in the following ratios given in table 1.

Table 1 The ratio of finely ground components in the production of combined feed for pigmented juvenile trepang Component The amount,% of the total mass of the product Dry sargassum 50-60 Dried soft tissue of bivalve mollusk processing waste 10-12 Dry detritus 10-15 Soya flour 3-5 Fish flour 5 Clam shell powder 3-5 Dried leaves or roots of Eleutherococcus or Schisandra 5-10

The technical result of this invention is represented by a natural fodder product obtained from dry components, characterized by a pleasant smell of seafood, light or dark gray in color, finely divided homogeneous friable mass, capable of storage at a temperature of 0 ° C to 22 ° C for 18 months. without changing the structure, quality and safety indicators, which is resistant to microbial and oxidative spoilage, the use of which for feeding pigmented juvenile sea cucumber allows to provide a daily gain in body weight of 5.9-7.8%.

The combined composition of the production feed provides a high average daily gain in body weight of juvenile sea cucumber. An intensive increase in body mass of juvenile sea cucumber is due to the intensification of anabolic (synthetic) processes in the animal’s body due to the presence of highly assimilable protein component, the presence of vitamins and biological active substances as growth accelerators.

Sargassum or sea grapes, which are part of the feed, is an edible food material used by trepang in nature, characterized by a small nutritional value, but with a high fiber content and a rich diverse composition of trace elements. Dried non-edible soft tissues after cutting of the Far Eastern bivalve mollusks (scallop, mussels, anadara, spizula, mia, mackerel, Greenland cerris) and fish meal are sources of highly digestible animal proteins with balanced amino acid composition and B vitamins. Soy meat as a product of non-thermal processing contains anti-nutritional components, is a source of complete plant proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Dry detritus is a silty sediment that includes organic and inorganic substances used by trepang for nutrition in nature. The powder from the shells of bivalve mollusks is a source of various minerals. Eleutherococcus and lemongrass are a source of biologically active substances that have a stimulating and tonic effect, affecting the growth and development of the animal’s body, increase their productivity. For example, eleutherococcus is traditionally used in livestock, poultry, beekeeping and other industries as a growth promoter and adaptogen. Unlike other aralia plants, eleutherococcus and lemongrass do not have saponins, they contain glucose, fatty and essential oils, pectin substances, starch, anthocyanins and other valuable substances, which increases the resistance of the animal organism to adverse environmental factors and the harmful effects of various physical, chemical and biological factors.

Production feed is used to feed pigmented juvenile sea cucumbers more than 1 cm in size and at least 30 mg in body weight. Feed is introduced into vessels with trepang reared young, planting density and amount of feed are added depending on body weight (Table 2).

table 2 The amount of specified feed for feeding juvenile trepang per day Body weight mg Landing density, ind./m The amount of feed, g / day. 50-150 150-250 40-60 150-300 130-200 80-100 300-500 100-150 100-120

The following examples show specific variants of a production combination feed for the cultivation of juvenile sea cucumber.

Example 1

To obtain a production combined feed, the following dry, finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 50.0, soft tissue from waste processing of Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 10.0, soy meat - 5.0, fish meal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 15, leaves or roots of Eleutherococcus - 10.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used for growing pigmented juvenile sea cucumber to a viable stage with a size of 1.5-3.0 cm and a body weight of more than 1000 mg. The amount of feed per day is supplied depending on the size composition of juvenile sea cucumber (see table 2). The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 7.0-7.8%.

Example 2

The following dry, finely ground components, wt.%, Are used to obtain a production feed combination: sargassum - 55.0, soft tissues of waste from processing Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 10.0, soy meat - 5.0, fish meal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 3.0, natural detritus - 12, leaves or roots of lemongrass - 10.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used in the cultivation of pigmented juvenile sea cucumber to a viable stage, the size of 1.5-3.0 cm and a body weight of more than 1000 mg. The amount of feed per day is supplied depending on the size composition of juvenile sea cucumber (see table 2). The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 6.8-7.2%.

Example 3

The following dry, finely ground components, wt.%, Are used to obtain a production feed combination: sargassum - 60.0, soft tissues of processing waste from Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 12.0, soy meat - 3.0, fishmeal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 10, leaves or roots of Eleutherococcus -5.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used in the cultivation of pigmented juvenile sea cucumber to a viable stage, the size of 1.5-3.0 cm and a body weight of more than 1000 mg. The amount of feed per day is supplied depending on the size composition of juvenile sea cucumber (see table 2). The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 5.9-6.5%.

Example 4

To obtain a production combined feed, the following dry, finely ground components are used, wt.%: Sargassum - 45.0, soft tissues of waste from processing Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 15.0, soy meat - 5.0, fishmeal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 5.0, natural detritus - 5, leaves and roots of lemongrass - 20.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used for growing juvenile sea cucumber to a viable stage, 1.5-3.0 cm in size and weighing more than 1000 mg. The amount of feed per day is supplied depending on the size composition of juvenile sea cucumber (see table 2). The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 1.9-2.1%.

Example 5

The following dry, finely ground components, wt.%, Are used to produce a production feed combination: sargassum - 40.0, soft tissue of waste from scallop processing - 10.0, soy flour - 5.0, fish meal - 5.0, shellfish - 5 , 0, natural detritus - 10, leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus - 25.0. The composed mixture of dry components is thoroughly mixed, packaged in bags of polymeric materials, hermetically packed and stored for 18 months. The feed is used for growing juvenile sea cucumber to a viable stage, 1.5-3.0 cm in size and weighing more than 1000 mg. The amount of feed per day is supplied depending on the size composition of juvenile sea cucumber (see table 2). The average daily gain in body weight of individuals to the initial value is 2.0-2.2%.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing a production combined feed for growing juvenile sea cucumber, including grinding the components, making the mixture, mixing, packing into bags of polymer materials, hermetic capping and storage, characterized in that the composition of the mixture includes dry finely ground components in the amount, wt.%: Sargassum - 50.0-60.0, soft tissue of waste from the processing of Far Eastern bivalve mollusks - 10.0-12.0, soy meat - 3.0-5.0, fishmeal - 5.0, mollusk shells - 3.0- 5.0, natural detritus - 10.0-15.0, leaves or roots e leutherococcus or lemongrass - 5.0-10.0.