RU2554403C1 - Method of harvesting cabbage and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method comprises machine cutting-off the heads, separation of waste and reworking the heads, loading the heads in the accompanying vehicle (5) with replaceable containers (6). Before loading into the containers (6) the heads are laid by loading unit of cabbage-harvesting machine on a flexible soft flooring (7) of trough shape with elastic edges, attached to the racks (9) over the containers (6), as even layer over its entire length, coordinating the position of the accompanying vehicle (5) relative the cabbage-harvesting machine. The workers on the platform simultaneously replace the heads from the flooring surface (7) to the containers (6) by hand in careful mode. After filling the containers (6) the vehicle (5) is sent to the store, where the containers (6) full of cabbage are replaced by empty using a forklift, leaving a flexible soft flooring (7) with the racks (9) on the platform to perform the subsequent cycle of operation. The device comprises a cabbage-harvesting machine with a loading unit and devices for reworking the heads and separating related waste, an accompanying vehicle (5) with replaceable containers (6) on the platform. The platform of the vehicle is provided with a flexible soft trough-shaped flooring (7) with elastic edges, mounted horizontally on the racks (9) over the containers (6) along the centre of the platform of the vehicle (5).EFFECT: reduction of damage of the heads during mechanical harvesting and increase in the operating speed of the harvesting machine.2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods and devices for harvesting cabbage.

A known method of harvesting cabbage [1], in which the cabbage harvester harvests the entire biological crop and loads into the body of the accompanying vehicle in bulk. Next, the cabbage heap is delivered by a vehicle to a stationary point of completion, dumped by a dump truck into its receiving hopper. Then, from the receiving hopper, a pile of cabbage is portioned by a system of conveyors to the finalization tables, where the heads of cabbage are manually sorted, processed, and then stored for storage using the conveyor system.

The main disadvantage of this method of harvesting cabbage is low efficiency due to the high capital intensity of the technological process, since many dosing, distributing and transporting devices are involved in it. In addition, the products are severely damaged due to repeated transshipments and mechanical stresses on the heads in dosed supply, distribution and transportation in the production line.

There is also known a method of harvesting [2] cabbage, in which heads are cut off by a machine, finalized to a marketable appearance on the machine, waste is separated, then heads of cabbage are loaded with an elevator into containers mounted on an accompanying vehicle. Next, the vehicle with full containers is sent to the storage, where, with forklifts, the containers with cabbage are removed from the vehicle and installed in stacks for storage. Empty containers are placed in the vacant seats in the vehicle. Next, the cycle of work is repeated.

In this case, the capital intensity of the process is reduced, the number of mechanical impacts on the heads is reduced, since the transfer and piece transportation of heads on conveyors during storage is excluded.

However, with this method of harvesting, the degree of damage to the heads of cabbage is also significant, since when loading containers the heads of cabbage hit the edges of the sides due to the limited discharge zone by the small size of the open part of the containers. In addition, a significant fall height of heads of cabbage in containers, since it is impossible to lower the shipping part of the elevator into the container due to their possible breakdown as a result of mechanical interaction with each other with insufficient synchronization of vehicle and harvester movement.

Damage to the heads of cabbage reduces their safety during storage, and the need to ensure strict synchronization of movement of the vehicle and the cabbage harvester limits the working speed of the latter, therefore, its productivity in harvesting cabbage.

This method of cleaning is the closest technical solution for a combination of matching design features with the proposed method, that is, it is a prototype.

The technical task of the present invention is to further reduce the damage to heads in the process of mechanized harvesting and increase the operating speed of the harvesting unit.

The technical result when carrying out the invention with respect to the method and device is to create a method for harvesting cabbage without damaging the heads of cabbage at an increased operating speed of the harvesting unit.

Regarding the method, this is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype, a cabbage picker dispatches cabbages first to a flexible soft trough-shaped deck with elastic edges, mounted on racks above the containers, with an even layer along its entire length, coordinating the position of the accompanying vehicle relative to the cabbage harvester, while working , while on the platform, they transfer heads from the flooring surface to the containers manually in a gentle mode. After filling the containers, the accompanying vehicle is sent to the storage, where, using a forklift, the containers loaded with heads of cabbage are replaced by empty ones, leaving a flexible soft floor with racks on the platform for the next cycle of work.

Shipment of heads of cabbage to a flexible soft trough-shaped floor dampens impacts when falling, eliminates their impact with sharp edges of containers. Since the shipment of cabbages by the cabbage harvesting machine runs along the entire length of the flexible soft flooring (platform of the accompanying vehicle) in an even layer, strict coordination in the movement of the cabbage harvesting machine and the accompanying vehicle is not required. Shipment of heads of cabbage in an even layer along the entire length of the flexible soft flooring also contributes to an increase in the productivity of workers when transferring heads from the flooring to containers. All this allows you to perform the cleaning process at higher operating speeds. Heads of cabbage, being in transportation and laying in storage in containers, are protected from mechanical damage.

Regarding the device, this is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype, the vehicle platform is equipped with a flexible soft trough-shaped flooring with elastic edges mounted horizontally on racks above the containers along the middle of the vehicle platform.

Providing the platform with a flexible soft trough-shaped flooring makes it possible to soften the impacts during the shipment of heads of cabbage, thereby eliminating their damage. The elastic edges of the flooring also soften the blow when the heads of cabbage fall on the edges of the flooring. The installation of a flexible soft trough-shaped flooring along the middle of the platform allows workers to easily and easily get cabbage from both sides for subsequent laying in containers.

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirement of unity, since the device for harvesting cabbage is designed to implement another claimed object - a method of harvesting cabbage. At the same time, both objects of the inventions are aimed at achieving a technical result - the development of technology for harvesting cabbage without damaging the heads of cabbage at an increased operating speed of the harvesting unit.

The claimed cleaning method and device for its implementation are depicted in the form of a technological scheme in FIG. one; FIG. 2 - shipment of heads of cabbage by a cabbage harvester to elastic soft flooring and manual packing of containers in a gentle mode; FIG. 3 is a diagram of the fastening of the elastic edges of the flooring on racks; FIG. 4 - I will remove containers with cabbage from the platform using a forklift when storing.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of a cabbage harvesting machine, including a cutting apparatus 1, a roller separator 2, a conveyor-cutter 3, an elevator 4, as well as an accompanying vehicle 5 with containers 6, a flexible soft flooring 7 of a trough-shaped form with elastic edges 8 (Fig. 3) mounted on racks 9 along the middle of the platform of the accompanying vehicle, as well as a forklift 10 (Fig. 4) for changing loaded containers on the platform empty in storage.

Harvesting cabbage according to the proposed method is shown in FIG. 1, where the heads cut off by the cutting apparatus 1, passing through the roller sheet separator 2, are fed to the conveyor-trimmer 3. Here the heads are inspected, the non-marketed heads are finalized. Then the heads of cabbage and newly emerging free leaves are sent to the elevator 4. At the elevator 4, the leaves are sifted out, fall to the ground, and the heads in its end part are loaded onto a flexible soft flooring 7 of a trough-shaped form. At the same time, the workers, being on the platform of the accompanying vehicle 5, take out the cabbages from the flexible soft flooring 7 and put them into containers 6 in a gentle mode. Next, after filling the containers 6, the accompanying vehicle 5 is sent to the storage, where, using a forklift 9, the containers with cabbage 6 are removed, empty containers are installed instead. Next, the cycle repeats.

When harvesting cabbage using this method, the cabbages are not damaged, since they are shipped by the cabbage harvester elevator to a flexible soft flooring, from there the workers are laid in containers in a gentle mode, when they are stored, the cabbages are not overloaded.

The increase in the area of shipment of heads of cabbage by the cabbage harvester to the full length of the platform of the accompanying vehicle using flexible soft flooring and the laying of heads of cabbage on it with an even layer allow the harvesting process to be carried out at an increased operating speed.

Information sources

1. Isaev G.E., Zakatova G.N., Badaev TB Mechanized harvesting and storage of cabbage // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1983. - No. 8. - S. 24-25.

2. Romanovsky N.V., Shamonin V.I., Sergeev A.V. When technology saves labor // Rural machine operator. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 18-19.

Claims (2)

1. A method of harvesting cabbage, including machine cutting cabbages, separating waste and finalizing cabbages, loading cabbages into an accompanying vehicle with removable containers, characterized in that cabbages are stacked using a cabbage picking machine on a flexible soft trough-shaped deck with elastic edges, fixed on racks above the containers with an even layer along its entire length, coordinating the position of the accompanying vehicle relative to the cabbage harvest of the first machine, while the workers, while on the platform, manually move the cabbage heads from the surface of the flooring into containers in a gentle mode, and then, after filling the containers, the vehicle is sent to the storage, where, using a forklift, the containers full of cabbage are replaced by empty ones, leaving a flexible soft flooring with racks on a platform for performance of the subsequent cycle of work. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, including a cabbage harvesting machine with a shipping device and devices for finalizing the heads and separating the associated waste, accompanying the vehicle with removable containers on the platform, characterized in that the vehicle platform is equipped with a flexible soft trough deck with elastic edges mounted horizontally on racks above the containers along the middle of the vehicle platform.

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