RU2711230C1 - Headed cabbages harvesting method and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. Method consists in machine cutting and reworking of heads of cabbage, separation of free cabbage leaves, loading of commercial cabbages into accompanying vehicle (10) with replaceable containers (11). After reworking of conveyor-trimming (2) flow of cabbages with cabbage foliage is directed to longitudinal conveyor (3), on which opposite container located on platform of accompanying vehicle, commercial heads of cabbage are separated with rolling separator (6) from free cabbage foliage and collided with elevator (4). Then, with the help of elevator with shipping device (5), they are sent into containers (11) in sparing mode, by moving periodically the unit of roller separator (6) and elevator (4) manually along longitudinal conveyor (3) as containers (11) are filled and exposing loading device (5) strictly above next container (11) in the row on the platform of accompanying vehicle (10). Device comprises cabbage harvester with cutting device (1), transporter-cutter (2) for finishing heads and elevator (4), accompanying vehicle (10) with replaceable containers (11) on platform. Combined lengthwise conveyor (3) is arranged in the machine between transporter-scorer (2) and elevator (4). Above conveyor (3) is installed with clearance roller separator (6) with carriage, paired with movable elevator (4) in one kinematic unit with possibility of moving along conveyor (3), simultaneously driven with it from common rotating shaft (8) in all possible positions and to direct goods heads from its web to corresponding container (11) of accompanying vehicle (10).EFFECT: reduced labor costs, increased efficiency of the process, preservation of sparing mode of cabbage shipment.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods and devices for harvesting cabbage.

A known method of harvesting cabbage [1], in which the cabbage harvester harvests the entire biological crop and loads into the body of the accompanying vehicle in bulk. Next, the cabbage heap is delivered by a vehicle to a stationary point of completion, dumped by a dump truck into its receiving hopper. Further, from the receiving hopper, a pile of cabbage is portioned by a system of conveyors to the finalization tables, where the heads of cabbage are manually sorted, processed, and then stored for storage using a conveyor system.

The main disadvantage of this method of harvesting cabbage is that the heads of cabbage are badly damaged when shipped by the elevator to the vehicle body, due to repeated transshipments in the process of unloading, finalizing and storing.

There is also known a method of harvesting cabbage [2], in which the cabbages are cut by a machine, finalized in a machine in a conveyor-trimmer, loose leaves are separated and dumped onto the ground, the cabbages are first carefully shipped using a special shipping device to a flexible trough-shaped deck installed on racks on a vehicle platform above containers. At the same time, the workers, being on the platform of the vehicle, manually transfer the cabbage heads from the surface of the flooring to the containers. Then, after filling the containers, the vehicle is sent to the vegetable store, where, using a forklift, containers full of cabbage are placed in stacks for storage.

In this case, transshipment of products is excluded, therefore, damage to heads is reduced.

However, when harvesting cabbage in this way, considerable labor is required due to manual packing of containers. In addition, with this method of harvesting, the machine dispatches heads of cabbage from only one place to a flexible flooring, which leads to an uneven distribution of the products received over the jobs of maintenance personnel, and the exact movement of the vehicle relative to the harvester is difficult due to insufficient visibility, which reduces labor productivity workers, in turn, is a factor limiting the performance of the harvesting unit as a whole.

This method of cleaning is the closest technical solution for a combination of matching design features with the proposed method, that is, it is a prototype.

The technical task of the present invention is to reduce labor costs and increase productivity of the machine harvesting process of cabbage, while maintaining a gentle mode of shipment of heads of cabbage in containers.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention with respect to the method and device is to create a method for harvesting cabbage with reduced labor costs and increased productivity of the harvesting process.

Regarding the method, this is achieved in that, in contrast to the prototype, in a cabbage harvester after refinement on a conveyor-cutter, the flow of heads of cabbage with cabbage foliage is directed to a longitudinal conveyor, on it opposite to the container to be packed, located on the platform of the accompanying low loader vehicle, the goods head are separated by a roller sheet separator from cabbage foliage and push them into the elevator, then they are sent using the elevator with the shipping device to the container in a gentle mode, periodically Roller ski traveling block and elevator listootdelitelya along the longitudinal conveyor manually as container filling and shipping exposing the device on the next container in the series on the accompanying low-loader vehicle.

At the same time, the process of packing containers with heads is carried out in a gentle mode mechanized, that is, labor costs are reduced. In addition, the factor limiting the throughput of the technological line for machine harvesting cabbage is excluded, that is, it becomes possible to further increase the productivity of the harvesting unit.

Regarding the device, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, a longitudinal conveyor is placed in the cabbage harvester between the conveyor cutter and the elevator, a roller separator with a carriage mounted with a gap paired with the elevator in one kinematic unit with the ability to move along the longitudinal conveyor simultaneously driven with it from a common rotary shaft, separate the head of cabbage from cabbage foliage and send them to the appropriate container low-loader vehicle, as well as the fact that the elevator is equipped with a winch, which allows, by changing the length of the suspension cable, to adjust the elevator position with the shipping device relative to the containers in height, the roller carriage of the sheet separator is placed in a guide located parallel to the longitudinal conveyor belt.

Placing the longitudinal conveyor between the conveyor cutter and the elevator allows you to stretch the flow of heads of cabbage and cabbage foliage along the platform of the accompanying low loader vehicle. Pairing the roller separator and the elevator into one kinematic unit with the ability to receive a drive from a common shaft and move along the longitudinal conveyor allows you to send head of cabbage to the container from the section of the canvas opposite him, more precisely, given its location relative to the combine, which allows stacking of heads containers addressed and uniformly along the entire length of the platform.

The presence of a winch allows the operator to achieve the minimum drop height of heads of cabbage during shipment in order to minimize their damage.

The installation of a roller drum separator carriage in a guide parallel to the surface of the blade allows for a constant gap between the drum and the blade of the longitudinal conveyor to ensure free passage of cabbage leaves under it along the entire length of the conveyor, as well as to keep the elevator with a rope in suspension while moving along the longitudinal conveyor .

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirements of unity, since the device for harvesting cabbage is designed to implement another claimed object - a method of harvesting cabbage.

The claimed cleaning method and device for its implementation are depicted in the form of a technological scheme in FIG. 1; FIG. 2 - separation of head of cabbage from free leaves on a longitudinal conveyor, pushing them into the elevator and sending them to the appropriate container; FIG. 3 is a view A of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 and 5, respectively, sections BB and BB of FIG. 2.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) consists of a cabbage harvester including a cutting apparatus 1, a conveyor-cutter 2, a longitudinal conveyor 3, an elevator 4 with a shipping device 5, a roller sheet separator 6 with a carriage 7, a common drive shaft 8 of square or splined section and a winch 9, as well as from an accompanying low loader vehicle 10 with containers 11.

In a cabbage harvester, a longitudinal conveyor 3 is placed between the conveyor cutter 2 and the elevator 4, the roller separator 6 and the elevator 4 are paired into one kinematic block so that they can be driven from a common rotating shaft 8 of a square (or splined) section having movable in the axial direction of the connection with the driving drum of the elevator 12 (Fig. 4) and the drive gear 13 of the roller sheet separator (Fig. 5). With this design, the roller separator and elevator are able to move along the longitudinal conveyor 3 and send cabbages from any part of it to the corresponding container 11 located on the platform of the accompanying vehicle.

In the construction, the carriage 7 of the roller sheet separator rolls in a guide 14 located parallel to the surface of the longitudinal conveyor 3.

In a cabbage harvester, the elevator 4 is suspended on a winch 9, which allows you to change the location of its shipping device 5 in height relative to the containers 11 located on the platform of the low loader vehicle 10. In this case, the suspension point of the rope moves with the roller separator and elevator unit, and the carriage, while in the guide, holds the elevator in suspension.

Harvesting cabbage according to the proposed method is shown in Fig. 1, where the heads cut off by the cutting apparatus 1 are fed to a conveyor-trimmer 2. Here, the heads are inspected, the non-commodity heads are placed in the holes of the conveyor-trimmer canvas for re-trimming. Next, heads of cabbage and loose leaves that appear are sent to the longitudinal conveyor 3. By this time, the operator sets the roller separator and elevator block opposite the container 11, adjusts the height of the shipping device 5 using the winch 9.

At the same time, cabbages of cabbage drive up on the canvas of the longitudinal conveyor 3 to the rotating drum 6 of the leaf separator and collide on the elevator 4, at the same time free cabbage leaves pass under the drum 6 and continue to move to the unloading end of the longitudinal conveyor 3. At this time, the goods head are loaded into the container in a gentle mode using a special shipping device 5. As the container 11 is filled, the operator will move the named block along the longitudinal conveyor 3 and install the shipping device over the next container on the platform of the vehicle 10. Further, the duty cycle is repeated.

When harvesting cabbage using this method, labor costs are reduced, since manual packing is replaced by a mechanized method, the productivity of the process is increased by eliminating factors that inhibit it, and at the same time, a gentle mode of shipment of heads of cabbage to containers is maintained.

Sources of information

1. Isaev G.E., Zakatova G.N., Badaev TB Mechanized harvesting and snoring of cabbage // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1983. - No. 8. - S. 24-25.

2. RF patent No. 2554403 C1, IPC A01D 45/26. A method of harvesting cabbage and a device for its implementation. Publ. 06/27/2015. Bull. Number 18.

Claims (4)

1. A method of harvesting cabbage, including machine cutting and finalizing of heads of cabbage, separation of free cabbage leaves, loading of heading cabbages into an accompanying vehicle with replaceable containers, characterized in that after being finalized on a trimmer conveyor, the flow of heads of cabbage with cabbage leaves is directed to a longitudinal conveyor, on which, opposite the container to be packed, located on the platform of the accompanying vehicle, the head of cabbage is separated by a roll separator from a free cabbage foliage and push them onto the elevator, then using the elevator with the shipping device they are sent to the containers in a gentle manner, periodically moving the roller sheet separator and elevator block manually along the longitudinal conveyor as the containers are filling and placing the shipping device strictly above the next container in a row on the accompanying platform vehicle. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, including a cabbage harvester with a cutting apparatus, a conveyor cutter for finalizing heads and an elevator, accompanying a vehicle with removable containers on a platform, characterized in that in a cabbage harvester in the gap between the conveyor cutter and a longitudinal conveyor is placed on the elevator, a roll separator with a carriage mounted with a clearance, paired with a mobile elevator in one kinematic unit with the ability to move in The longitudinal conveyor axle can be simultaneously driven with it from a common rotating shaft in all possible positions and send head of cabbage from its web to the corresponding container of the accompanying vehicle. 3. Cabbage harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that the elevator is equipped with a winch, which allows changing the height of the elevator with the shipping device relative to the containers by changing the length of the suspension rope. 4. Cabbage harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that the roller carriage of the sheet separator is placed in a guide located parallel to the web of the longitudinal conveyor.

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