RU2791685C1 - Method for harvesting cabbage and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in machine cutting of heads, preliminary separation of free cabbage leaves, completion of heads and packing of marketable heads in containers. After completion on the cutter conveyor, the flow of cabbage heads with cabbage leaves is directed by the combined action of a steeply inclined elevator and a clamping conveyor with an elastic mesh web to a longitudinal conveyor located in the cabbage harvester at a level above the replaceable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle. Further, the workers, who are in the body of the vehicle on the aisle between the rows of containers, take positions opposite the corresponding container and, after the vehicle is fed by the edge of the body under the longitudinal conveyor, they transfer the heads of cabbage from the latter’s web immediately to the containers located in the body, and the cabbage leaves are sent to the end of the longitudinal conveyor for unloading to the ground. The device for implementing the above method contains a cabbage harvester with a cutting device and a roller device for preliminary separation of cabbage leaves, a cutter conveyor for completion of heads, and an elevator. In a cabbage harvester, a steeply inclined elevator is equipped with a clamping conveyor with an elastic-mesh web, behind it a longitudinal conveyor is installed at a level above the replaceable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle.

EFFECT: reduced labour costs and increased productivity of the harvesting process.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices for harvesting cabbage.

There is a known method of harvesting cabbage [1], in which the cabbage harvester removes the entire biological crop and loads it into the body of the accompanying vehicle in bulk. Next, the cabbage heap is delivered by a vehicle to a stationary processing point, dumped by a dump truck into its receiving hopper. Further, from the receiving hopper, a heap of cabbage is fed in portions by a conveyor system to the finishing tables, where the cabbages are manually sorted, finished, and then stored for storage using a conveyor system.

The main disadvantage of this method of harvesting cabbage is that the heads of cabbage are severely damaged during shipment by the elevator to the body of the vehicle, due to repeated transshipments in the process of unloading, refining and storing.

There is also a known method of harvesting cabbage [2], in which the heads are cut off by a machine, finished to a marketable condition in the car on a cutter conveyor, loose leaves are separated and dumped on the ground, the heads are first carefully shipped using an elevator to a flexible trough-shaped flooring mounted on racks. on the vehicle platform above the containers. At the same time, the workers, being on the platform of the vehicle, shift the heads of cabbage from the surface of the flooring into containers manually. Further, after filling the containers, the vehicle is sent to the vegetable store, where, using a forklift, the containers full of cabbage are stacked for storage.

In this case, transshipment of products is excluded, therefore, damage to heads of cabbage is reduced.

However, when harvesting cabbage in this way, the labor productivity of workers shifting cabbages from a flexible floor into containers is low. This is explained by the fact that cabbages are unloaded by a cabbage harvester on a flexible platform at one specific place, since during operation it is practically impossible to change the positions of the transport and harvesting units relative to each other due to limited visibility. At the same time, workers are forced to constantly move along the body in order to deliver cabbages to the appropriate container. This, in turn, reduces the productivity of the harvesting unit, since the harvesting process must be carried out at low operating speeds so that the workers have time to get the heads of cabbage from the flexible floor, carry them to the appropriate container, put them in the container and return back to the place of shipment of the heads.

This cleaning method is the closest technical solution in terms of the combination of matching design features with the proposed method, that is, it is a prototype.

The technical objective of the present invention is to reduce the labor costs of workers when laying heads of cabbage in containers and to increase the productivity of the process of machine harvesting of cabbage, while maintaining a sparing mode of shipment of cabbage heads to containers.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention regarding the method and device is the creation of a method for harvesting cabbage with less labor and increased productivity of the harvesting process.

With regard to the method, this is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype in the cabbage harvester, after completion on the cutter conveyor, the flow of heads with cabbage leaves is directed with the combined action of a steeply inclined elevator and a clamping conveyor with an elastic mesh cloth to a longitudinal conveyor located at a level above the replaceable containers, located in the body of the accompanying vehicle, then the workers, who are in the body on the aisle between the rows of containers, will take positions opposite the corresponding container and after the vehicle is fed by the edge of the body under the longitudinal conveyor, they transfer the heads of cabbage from the latter’s web immediately into containers, and the cabbage leaves are sent to the end of the longitudinal conveyor for shipment to the ground.

At the same time, cabbage heads are moved on a longitudinal conveyor along a row of containers. Therefore, the worker performs only the operation of shifting the heads of cabbage from the longitudinal conveyor belt into the appropriate container, that is, the heads of cabbage enter the workplace mechanized. This contributes to an increase in labor productivity of workers, while maintaining a sparing mode of shipment of cabbage heads into containers. This allows you to increase the throughput of the technological line for machine harvesting of cabbage, that is, it becomes possible to further increase the productivity of the harvesting unit.

Regarding the device, this is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype in the cabbage harvester, the elevator, made steeply, is equipped with a clamping conveyor with an elastic mesh fabric, behind it is installed at a level above the replaceable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle, a longitudinal conveyor, as well as that the longitudinal conveyor is hingedly mounted at the rear end on the frame of the steeply inclined elevator, and the front end is placed freely on a stand fixed on the tractor frame with the ability to rotate around the longitudinal axis of rotation joint with the elevator frame when the latter is transferred to the transport position due to the rigid connection between them by means of a shaft , as well as the fact that at the end of the longitudinal conveyor above its web there is a reflector with a gap sufficient for the passage of cabbage leaves.

The placement of the longitudinal conveyor behind the steeply inclined elevator at a level above the interchangeable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle makes it possible to direct the flow of heads of cabbage over the containers in such a way that it is possible to shift them from the longitudinal conveyor belt into containers directly along the entire length of the body, and ship the cabbage leaves to the ground .

The supply of a steeply inclined elevator with a clamping conveyor with an elastic-mesh cloth allows for stable transportation of heads of cabbage by the elevator at a significant angle to the horizon and reliably delivers them to the longitudinal conveyor, since in this case the elastic cloth of the clamping conveyor will prevent the heads of cabbage from rolling back on the elevator.

The placement of the longitudinal conveyor with the rear end on the frame of the steeply inclined elevator is hinged, and the front end on the stand freely allows the structure to adapt to field irregularities.

Rigid coaxial connection of the frame of a steeply inclined elevator with a rack by means of a shaft makes it possible to strictly coordinate their positions in operation and ensure their rotation around a common longitudinal axis when the elevator is transferred to the transport position.

Placing a reflector in the end part of the longitudinal conveyor makes it possible to avoid the loss of heads of cabbage that were not served on its canvas for some reason.

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirements of unity, since the device for harvesting cabbage is intended for the implementation of another claimed object - a method for harvesting cabbage.

The claimed method of cleaning and the device for its implementation are shown in the form of a flow diagram in Fig. 1; fig. 2 - rear view; fig. 3 is section A-A of FIG. 1.

The device for implementing the method (Fig. 1, 2, 3) consists of a cabbage harvester, including a cutting device 1, a cutter conveyor 2, a steeply inclined elevator 3 with a pressure conveyor with an elastic mesh fabric 4 and a longitudinal conveyor 5, as well as from an accompanying transport 6 facilities with 7 containers.

The longitudinal conveyor 5 is mounted on the frame of the elevator with its rear end pivotally in a longitudinally vertical plane and rests with its front end freely on the rack 8. joint axis of rotation when transferring the elevator to the transport position with the help of hydraulic cylinders 9. For this, the frame of the steeply inclined elevator 3 and the rack 8 are rigidly coaxially connected to each other by means of a shaft 10.

At the end of the longitudinal conveyor 5, a reflector 11 is installed with a gap above its web.

Harvesting cabbage according to the proposed method is shown in Fig. 1, where the heads of cabbage cut by the cutter 1 arrive, having passed through the roller sheeter, to the cutter conveyor 2. Here the heads are inspected, non-marketable heads are placed in the holes of the web of the cutter conveyor 2 for re-cutting. Further, the heads of cabbage and the loose leaves that have appeared are directed by a steeply inclined elevator 3 with joint action with an elastic-mesh cloth 4 of the clamping conveyor to the longitudinal conveyor 5. At the same time, the elastic cloth 4 of the clamping conveyor reliably holds the heads of cabbage on the canvas of the steeply inclined elevator, preventing them from rolling back. By this time, the vehicle 6 with containers 7 is brought under the longitudinal conveyor 5 by the edge of the body so that the workers can get the heads of cabbage from the web of the longitudinal conveyor 5 and carefully place them in containers 7.

At the same time, cabbage leaves are shipped to the ground at the end of the longitudinal conveyor, passing in the gap under the reflector 11. At the same time, if for some reason the head of cabbage remains unserved on the longitudinal conveyor 5, then it is sent by the reflector 11 in its final part to the container.

During the operation of the harvesting unit, the longitudinal conveyor 5 adapts to the relative movements of the combine and the aggregating tractor due to its articulated connection with the frame of the steeply inclined elevator 3 and free support on the stand 8.

After filling all the containers 7 with cabbage, the vehicle 6 goes to the vegetable store, where the full containers will be exchanged for empty ones. Then the work cycle is repeated.

After work, the cabbage harvester is brought into the transport position by means of hydraulic cylinders 9. At the same time, the steeply inclined elevator 3 with the clamping conveyor and the rack 8 rotate in transverse vertical planes around the corresponding hinges towards the tractor. Thus, the dimensions of the combine are reduced.

When harvesting cabbages according to this method, labor costs are reduced, since with the help of a longitudinal conveyor, cabbages are brought directly to each workplace. This increases the productivity of workers, therefore, increases the productivity of the harvesting process as a whole. At the same time, the sparing mode of packing heads in containers is maintained.

Information sources

1. Isaev, G.E. Mechanized harvesting and storage of cabbage / T.E. Isaev, G.N. Zakatova, T.B. Badaev // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1983. - No. 8. - S. 24-25.

2. Patent No. 2554403 C1 Russian Federation, IPC A01D 45/26. Method for harvesting cabbage and device for its implementation: No. 2014110585/13: Appl. 03/19/2014: publ. 06/27/2015 / S.S. Alatyrev, A.P. Yurkin, V.V. Voronin [i dr.].

Claims (4)

1. A method for harvesting cabbage heads, including machine cutting of heads, preliminary separation of loose cabbage leaves, finishing of heads and placing marketable heads in containers, characterized in that after finishing on a cutter conveyor, the flow of heads with cabbage leaves is directed with the combined action of a steeply inclined elevator and a pressing of the conveyor with an elastic-mesh cloth to the longitudinal conveyor located in the cabbage harvester at a level above the replaceable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle, then the workers in the body of the vehicle on the aisle between the rows of containers take positions opposite the corresponding container and after the supply of the transport means by the edge of the body under the longitudinal conveyor transfer the heads of cabbage from the latter's web immediately into containers located in the body, and the cabbage leaves are sent to the end of the longitudinal conveyor for shipment to the ground. 2. A device for harvesting cabbage for carrying out the method according to claim 1, including a cabbage harvester with a cutting device and a roller device for preliminary separation of cabbage leaves, a conveyor-cutter for finishing heads, an elevator, characterized in that in the cabbage harvester, an elevator made of steeply inclined , equipped with a clamping conveyor with an elastic mesh fabric, behind it is installed at a level above the replaceable containers located in the body of the accompanying vehicle, a longitudinal conveyor. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the rear end of the conveyor is hingedly mounted on the frame of the steeply inclined elevator, and the front end is placed freely on the stand, fixed on the tractor frame with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal common axis together with the elevator frame when the latter is transferred to transport position due to rigid coaxial connection between each other by means of a shaft. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that at the end of the longitudinal conveyor a reflector is installed above its web with a gap sufficient for the passage of cabbage leaves.

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