RU2540354C1 - Method of feeding fur-bearing animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method of feeding fur-bearing animals comprises adding to the feed of two-month puppies the additive of wood greens of conifers. The additive is added to the feed of weakened puppies of mink in the form of aqueous spruce extract of wood greens of Scots pine with a content of L-arginine in an amount of 4.8-9.4 mg/kg live body weight daily for 14 days.

EFFECT: increased vitality and liveability of weakened puppies of mink.

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Description

The invention relates to fur farming and is intended for feeding weakened mink puppies.

One of the most important problems in animal farming is providing animals with complete and balanced diets for nutrients in various biological periods. It acquires particular relevance in modern conditions, when the cost of feeding is an increasing share in the total cost of raising animals. In conditions of intensive breeding and keeping in captivity of predatory fur animals, much attention should be paid to the composition of the diet, in particular the quality of proteins in feed. Due to a number of economic problems, animal farms often use cheap, deficient in amino acid composition feeds, which leads to metabolic disorders in fur animals. So, the lack of essential amino acids in the diet, including and L-arginine, during pregnancy and lactation of female minks affects the physiological state of the offspring. Puppies from such females are born unviable or weakened, they have dystrophic changes in organs and tissues, a slowdown in growth and development, a decrease in hematopoiesis, and the immune system. Due to these reasons, in animal farms among such young animals a rather high percentage of puppies' deaths is recorded. In this regard, the search for biologically active substances that increase the viability and safety of weakened puppies of fur animals, in particular minks, is relevant.

There is a method of increasing the safety of puppies of fur animals by introducing into the diet the main herd of Arctic foxes and minks in the period before rutting, rutting, pregnancy and feeding puppies once a week from January to April, the organo-selenic preparation DAFS-25 at a dose of 3 g / ton of feed mixture. The method allows to increase the safety of mink puppies by 9%, Arctic fox puppies by 12%, by preventing the birth of hypotrophic puppies and increasing their viability in the pre-registration period (RF patent No. 2374894, 2009).

The disadvantage of this method is that the feed additive used is a chemical preparation and when used for weakened puppies, intoxication of the body is possible, which can adversely affect the further growth, development and safety of young animals.

There is a known method of feeding mink, in which the biologically active stimulant Ked, obtained from the husks of pine cones, is introduced into the diet of females and young animals. The drug is administered at a dose of 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg of live weight with an interval of 10 days. First fed for 10 days, then take a break for 10 days and thus continue until the puppies are deposited from the females. The method increases the reproductive ability of minks, growth energy and improves the quality of furs (RF patent No. 2138160, 1999).

The disadvantage of this method is that the raw material base for obtaining the drug "Ked" is limited. Inaccessibility and high cost limit its use in fur farms for feeding mink.

As the closest analogue, we used a method for feeding fur-bearing animals, in which supplementary feed containing bone meal, wheat flour, fish oil, fodder sulfur, and coniferous flour made from woody greens and water infusion of nettles in a ratio of nettle and water of 1:25 is introduced into the feed. . Feeding is fed to two-month-old puppies for 60 days with an interval of one week: the first week - feeding, the second week - rest, etc. The method improves the physiological state of puppies, increases live weight by 10.8-18.9%, improves the grading of skins (RF patent No. 2325818, 2008).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is intended for feeding puppies of foxes belonging to the Canine family, and the mink belongs to the Kunih family, which have biological, anatomical and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the body. Therefore, the use of the known method for weakened mink puppies is limited by the low ability of the digestive tract to digest fiber, which is contained in large quantities in coniferous flour. In this regard, the method has an insufficiently effective effect on the physiological state of weakened mink puppies, increase in live weight of puppies and their safety. In addition, top dressing is multicomponent and is used for a long time, which can lead to undesirable side effects, including upset gastrointestinal tract.

The present invention is to develop an effective way to increase the viability and safety of weakened mink puppies based on the use of plant biologically active substances from coniferous wood.

The technical result is to improve the physiological state, increase the gain in live weight and increase the safety of weakened mink puppies.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of feeding fur animals, comprising introducing additives of coniferous wood greens into the food of two-month-old puppies, according to the invention, the additive is introduced to the weakened mink puppies in the form of an aqueous coniferous extract of pine wood greens containing L-arginine 4 , 8-9.4 mg / kg body weight daily for 14 days.

Water coniferous extract of Scots pine contains a wide range of natural biologically active substances (Yagodin V.I., Antonov V.I. Water-soluble substances of woody greens (review) // Chemistry of wood. 1986. No. 1. P.3-17), among which Of particular importance are its constituent amino acids, in particular L-arginine, which is involved in the restoration and creation of their own protein structures in the animal body. According to the effect on the body, a feature of L-arginine is that it is a substrate in the synthesis of nitric oxide, being a part of peptides and proteins. The reaction to the level of L-arginine in the feed depends on the type of animals, their physiological condition and age. For mink, L-arginine is an essential amino acid and must be ingested with food. L-arginine is of great importance in the plastic and energy metabolism of mink, the regulation of metabolic and immune processes. So, in representatives of the marten family, even a slight deficiency of L-arginine in the feed leads to significant violations of protein synthesis. To enhance the metabolic processes, it is proposed to introduce into the feed weakened mink puppies an aqueous coniferous extract of the woody green of pine ordinary with a content of L-arginine 4.8–9.4 mg / kg of live weight, which, in combination with the feeding regimen, improves the physiological state and increases the live growth weight in females by 148–205%, in males by 173–203%, and also to increase the safety of weakened mink puppies by 1.7–2.0 times compared to the control. The proposed method allows to approximate the viability of weakened mink puppies to the level of normally growing and developing mink puppies.

The method was tested on the basis of the Pryazhinskoye fur farm, Republic of Karelia from June 26 to November 10, 2012. Two-month-old puppies of American mink (Mustela vison Schr) were selected and divided into 7 groups of 10 puppies (5 females and 5 males) in each group. The first group of animals was formed from among normally developing puppies in order to study the growth rate and changes in blood morphological parameters to compare the data obtained in the experimental groups. Weakened puppies, lagging behind in growth and development, were divided into groups (2-7 groups) taking into account body weight and gender. The control was weakened puppies of the 2nd group, in the feed of which the additive was not introduced. Experimental animals of groups 4–6 were supplemented with food daily for 14 days from June 26 to July 10, 2012 in the amount of L-arginine 4.8–9.4 mg / kg body weight. Weakened puppies of minks of groups 3 and 7 were introduced into the feed in the same mode, but with exorbitant (lower and upper) values of the amount of L-arginine. During the experiment, both control and experimental animals were on a ration balanced for the main components of the diet, including 100 kcal 8.76-8.97 g of digestible protein, 4.67-4.87 g of fat and 4.04-3.45 g nitrogen-free extractive substances.

Blood was taken for analysis on July 10. The determination of blood morphological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, leukoformula) was performed 14 days after the start of the experiment by standard methods (Berestov V.A. Clinical biochemistry of fur animals. Petrozavodsk, 2005).

Morphological blood parameters are presented in table 1. The analysis showed that the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level in the examined minks corresponded to normal values typical for a given age (VA Berestov, Clinical biochemistry of fur animals. Petrozavodsk, 2005). However, the smallest number of red blood cells was detected in weakened puppies of the 2 (control) and 3 (experimental) groups. Moreover, in weakened puppies in the control (group 2), the hemoglobin concentration also turned out to be lower than in normally developing puppies of group 1 and, especially, in comparison with indicators of groups 4-6. The data obtained indicate that the introduction of additives with a content of L-arginine in the amount of 4.8-9.4 mg / kg body weight into the feed has the most pronounced effect on the hematopoiesis process in weakened puppies.

The number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the studied animals was at a high level and the differences between the groups were not significant. Changes were identified in the composition of the leukoformula, which characterizes the relative content and ratio of various types of leukocytes. In weakened animals of all groups - control and experimental, a predominance of neutrophilic leukocytes over lymphocytes was observed. Significant differences between the groups were observed in the number of young forms - stab neutrophilic leukocytes. Weakened puppies of the control and experimental groups differed from normally developing puppies (group 1) with a higher content of stab neutrophils resulting from activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis. The relatively high number of stab neutrophil neutrophils in weakened puppies is the result of a decrease in the body's resistance and reaction to a pathogen, probably of a bacterial nature. Experienced puppies of groups 3–7 retained a relatively high content of stab neutrophils. This suggests that the proposed supplement maintains a nonspecific protective reaction of the puppy's body at a high level.

The differences between the studied groups of animals in the content of other cellular elements are less significant and reflect changes in the ratio of monocytes and lymphocytes in the blood. A lower relative number of lymphocytes was found in weakened control puppies of group 2 and in puppies of group 3 who received the least amount of L-arginine in coniferous extract. An inverse ratio was found in a change in the level of monocytes, which is higher in weakened control animals and in those receiving the lowest amount of amino acid in coniferous extract.

Thus, the morphological parameters of blood testify to the maintenance of the nonspecific reaction of the body in weakened mink puppies at a high level and the improvement of their general physiological state.

The effect of the additive on the body weight of weakened puppies is presented in table 2.

The control and experimental animals were weighed on June 26, July 10, July 26, August 10, and October 10, to the nearest gram on electronic scales. From table 2 it follows that the introduction of softwood extract into the feed had a positive effect on the dynamics and increase in live weight. The highest body weight by the end of the experiment among the experimental animals was revealed in 4-6 groups, the puppies of which received an aqueous coniferous extract containing L-arginine in the amount of 4.6-9.7 mg / kg body weight and by the beginning of October, females and males body weight, as in normal puppies of the 1st group. In the 3rd and 7th experimental groups, both in females and in males, under the influence of the additive, the growth-promoting effect was less pronounced.

In the process of growth and development of animals revealed a higher growth rate in experimental puppies. The largest increase in live weight was observed in puppies of 4-6 experimental groups and amounted to 148-205% in females and 173-203% in males compared to the control group. In groups 3 and 7 of the experimental groups, the positive effect of the effect of the supplement on body weight gain was less pronounced.

During the experiment, the safety of animals was taken into account. It was found that by the end of the experiment, the safety of normal puppies (1 group) was 80% of the initial level, taken as 100%, while in the control weakened puppies (2 groups), the safety of puppies was 30%. In groups 3 and 7, the safety of animals was 30–40%. Higher preservation of puppies was revealed in 4-6 groups, which received water coniferous extract with the content of L-arginine in the amount of 4.8-9.4 mg / kg of live weight and amounted to 50-60%.

Thus, the proposed feeding method maintains a weakened mink puppy at a high level, the nonspecific protective reaction of the body, carried out by a neutrophilic unit of leukocytes, provides an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, a high growth rate of animals, which indicates an improvement in their physiological state. As a result, the safety of puppies increases 1.7-2.0 times. Coniferous extract with a certain content of L-arginine, obtained from the woody green of ordinary pine, is a natural product containing various biologically active compounds, and is produced from waste from the forestry complex.

Table 1 Indicators Group of puppies and the amount of L-arginine, mg / kg body weight 1 - normal puppies 2 - control 3 - experience 4 - experience 5 - experience 6 - experience 7 - experience No additives No additives 3,7 4.8 7.5 9,4 10.3 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / L 7.3 ± 0.14 6.42 ± 0.19 6.15 ± 0.19 6.86 ± 0.19 7.04 ± 0.16 6.95 ± 0.17 6.73 ± 0.16 Hemoglobin, g / 100 ml 16.33 ± 0.31 14.64 ± 0.54 13.68 ± 0.63 17.56 ± 0.23 16.68 ± 049 15.54 ± 0.75 15.55 ± 0.52 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 9.76 ± 0.90 10.36 ± 1.17 9.56 ± 1.13 10.02 ± 1.77 9.32 ± 0.6b 9.80 ± 0.88 9.43 ± 1.17 Lymphocytes,% 22.25 ± 3.51 18.50 ± 1.46 19.75 ± 3.72 23.38 ± 3.43 24.00 ± 2.40 23.71 ± 3.09 22.14 ± 3.24 Monocytes,% 8.00 ± 1.69 12.33 ± 4.41 10.63 ± 1.21 7.13 ± 1.61 7.38 ± 1.52 8.57 ± 1.47 9.00 ± 2.83 Neutrophils,%: stab 5.25 ± 1.71 10.00 ± 2.13 10.38 ± 2.63 12.75 ± 4.95 11.38 ± 3.91 11.14 ± 3.07 9.71 ± 1.35 segmented 63.13 ± 2.74 57.00 ± 5.86 57.25 ± 2.85 54.63 ± 4.18 55.13 ± 4.09 55.71 ± 2.95 56.29 ± 4.10 Eosinophils,% 0.75 ± 0.34 1.17 ± 0.5 0.75 ± 0.17 0.88 ± 0.43 1.01 ± 0.35 0.43 ± 0.32 1.00 ± 0.31 Basophils,% 0.25 ± 0.17 0 0.13 0.13 0 0 0 Note. Groups 2-7 - weakened puppies.

table 2 Groups The amount of L-arginine, mg / kg body weight The body weight of puppies, g Growth June 26th July 10th 26 July 10th of August October 10th g, to ref. body weight % to control Females 1 - normal puppies no supplement 423 ± 10 485 ± 39 617 ± 29 1104 ± 67 1562 ± 102 1139 - 2 - control No additives 308 ± 24 295 ± 57 418 ± 45 520 ± 57 989 681 one hundred 3 - experience 3,7 291 ± 33 355 ± 59 393 ± 94 641 ± 165 1244 ± 270 953 140 4 - experience 4.8 279 ± 24 286 ± 21 351 ± 93 1068 ± 128 1571 ± 52 1292 189 5 - experience 7.5 288 ± 26 346 ± 32 490 ± 30 1119 ± 65 1687 ± 49 1399 205 6 - experience 9,4 301 ± 40 322 ± 48 418 ± 111 909 ± 39 1310 ± 23 1009 148 7 - experience 10.3 330 ± 42 339 ± 55 448 ± 42 710 ± 70 1154 ± 162 824 121 Males 1 - normal puppies no supplement 478 ± 53 539 ± 71 734 ± 63 1709 ± 169 1847 ± 125 1369 - 2 - control No additives 303 ± 37 375 ± 56 422 ± 42 707 ± 42 1033 ± 74 730 one hundred 3 - experience 3,7 344 ± 19 368 ± 28 470 ± 57 937 ± 60 1523 ± 163 1179 163 4 - experience 4.8 370 ± 20 36 ± 81 498 ± 32 1458 ± 132 1827 ± 73 1457 199 5 - experience 7.5 355 ± 26 437 ± 45 630 ± 25 1623 ± 32 1835 ± 29 1480 203 6 - experience 9,4 338 ± 80 421 ± 77 511 ± 46 887 ± 21 1599 ± 142 1261 173 7 - experience 10.3 317 ± 45 380 ± 107 494 ± 103 654 ± 192 1488 ± 274 1171 161 Note. 2-7 groups of weakened mink puppies.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding fur-bearing animals, including the addition of coniferous wood greens to a two-month-old puppy feed, characterized in that the supplement is introduced to weakened mink puppies in the form of an aqueous coniferous extract of common pine green wood with an amount of 4.8-9 of L-arginine , 4 mg / kg body weight daily for 14 days.