RU2535492C1 - Method of obtaining winter diesel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of oil processing. The invention is referred to a method for manufacturing of winter diesel oil of sour oil, including oil refining when light and heavy straight-run diesels are obtained, further the light straight-run diesel fraction is subjected to catalytic hydrotreating while the full volume of the heavy straight-run diesel fraction is subjected to catalytic hydrotreating and catalytic dewaxing. The light straight-run diesel fraction is obtained with the cloud point temperature values varying within the range from 5°C above up to 5°C below the rated value for the manufactured commercial winter diesel oil while the heavy straight-run diesel fraction is extracted with 95% end boiling point of the fractional composition thus ensuring complete or partial involvement of this fraction to winter diesel oil upon completion of the dewaxing process. Catalytic dewaxing of the heavy diesel oil fraction is carried out till the required values of this fraction cloud point are obtained thus ensuring the rated cloud point temperature for commercial winter diesel oil obtained by compounding of the hydrotreated cut of the light diesel oil with the remaining quantity of the heavy diesel oil fraction subjected to hydrotreating and catalytic dewaxing, at that the rated value of the end boiling point of the fractional composition and the required value of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is ensured simultaneously for the commercial winter diesel oil by the introduction of a pour point depressant.EFFECT: obtaining winter diesel oil with the maximum usage of the main resource - straight-run summer diesel fuel without the use of kerosene cuts, with off-take of the light fractions of oil products at the primary distillation units, reducing production and capital costs.1 dwg, 4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to processes of the oil refining industry, in particular to methods for producing winter diesel fuel (DTZ) of a modern level of quality.

Modern requirements of the European and Eurasian Economic Community for DTZ regulate fairly stringent requirements for the low-temperature properties of winter diesel fuels, such as cloud point (depending on the fuel class: from minus 10 ° C to minus 34 ° C) and limiting filterability temperature (PTF): from minus 20 ° С to minus 44 ° С. European requirements for the fractional composition of commercial winter diesel fuel: 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition of DTZ is not higher than 340 ° C, which is 20 ° C lower than the requirements for the fractional composition of diesel fuel for a temperate climate (DTL). The requirements to achieve the required value of the limiting filterability temperature (PTF) can be met by the introduction of depressant additives. The cloud point of the fuel is determined by the chemical composition (fractions of paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic hydrocarbons, their amount and physico-chemical properties), as well as the fractional composition of diesel fuel. The required values for the cloud point are traditionally provided either by involving kerosene fractions, simultaneously with a significant reduction in the fractions boiling over 300 ° C, or by dewaxing the basic components of diesel summer fuel (DTL), which ensures the necessary components for DTZ due to processes occurring during dewaxing cracking, hydrogenation, isomerization of the starting fractions or the separation of paraffins. However, the use of components of the process of dewaxing fractions of DTL in a commodity DTZ leads to the problem of meeting the requirements for fractional composition, in particular, providing a 95% boiling point of the fraction. Providing the fractional composition of the fuel by reducing the end of boiling of the raw fractions is economically inefficient.

At present, a number of technical solutions are known that make it possible to obtain winter diesel fuels by compounding a number of fractions obtained both in the primary distillation processes and with the additional use of fractions after compounding after hydrotreating (hydrofining), dewaxing, and catalytic hydrocracking. For example, methods for producing winter diesel fuel according to the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2039791, No. 2219221, 2381259.

The disadvantages of the above methods are the significant involvement of valuable kerosene fractions in diesel fuel, the inability to fully process the entire volume of straight-run diesel fuel into winter diesel fuel, as well as the capital and current costs associated with the construction and operation of the secondary distillation of diesel fuel and hydrocracking.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of producing winter diesel fuel (patent No. 2108370). The oil is distilled with the separation of a kerosene fraction of 120- (240-260) ° C and fractions, 96% of which are boiled in the range of 140- (300-320) ° C and 210- (340-360) ° C, 10-30 wt.% the last fraction is subjected to secondary distillation with the separation of the fraction 200- (300-320) ° C, which is subjected to catalytic hydrotreating and zeolite dewaxing. Winter diesel fuel is obtained by compounding a dewaxed fraction with a mixture of fractions 140- (300-320) ° C and 210- (340-360) ° C, taken in a mass ratio of 10: 90-35: 65, with the initial or hydrotreated kerosene fraction 120 - (240-260) ° C and gasoline fraction NK-200 ° C in a certain mass ratio. In the obtained base fuel, a depressant additive is introduced in the required amount.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- involvement of kerosene fractions in the DTZ formulation;

- the limited involvement of the fraction with a boiling end above 320 ° C in the DTZ reduces the resource of its production;

- requires the cost of construction and operation of the unit for the secondary distillation of diesel fuel.

The aim of the present invention is to provide winter diesel fuel of a modern level of quality with maximum use of the main resource - straight-run diesel fuel fraction of the summer without kerosene fractions, while maintaining the selection of light petroleum fractions in primary oil distillation plants, reducing production and capital costs.

The goal is achieved by the proposed method for producing winter diesel fuel, including the distillation of oil with separation of the kerosene fraction and fractions of diesel fuel, catalytic hydrotreating and dewaxing of the fraction of diesel fuel, compounding fractions, the introduction of additives, which differs from the known methods for producing winter diesel fuel in that in the process fractionations during the distillation of oil emit fractions of straight-run light diesel fuel and heavy diesel fuel with selected quality parameters, and then they are processed in a certain way. Thus, a fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel is isolated with a cloud point in the temperature range from 5 ° C higher to 5 ° C below the normative value of this indicator for the obtained winter diesel fuel, and this fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel is further subjected to a hydrotreatment process. The isolated straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel is subjected to full hydrotreatment and subsequent catalytic dewaxing. In this case, the straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel is isolated with a value of 95% boiling point in fractional composition, which provides the possibility of involving this fraction in whole or in part in winter diesel fuel after the catalytic dewaxing process. The conditions for carrying out the catalytic dewaxing of the hydrotreated fraction of heavy diesel fuel are maintained in such a way as to obtain the necessary values of the cloud point of this fraction, which allow us to obtain the standard value of the cloud point of the commodity winter diesel fuel. Commercial winter diesel fuel of a given class is obtained by compounding a hydrotreated fraction of light diesel fuel and a balance of hydrotreated and catalytic dewaxing fractions of heavy diesel fuel, while at the same time ensuring a standard value of 95% boiling point of the fractional composition of commercial fuel while compounding, and a filtering temperature limit (PTF) commercial fuel is provided by the introduction of a depressant additive.

The method is as follows.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of obtaining DTZ.

(An example of producing diesel fuel of winter class 2, type 3).

Petroleum feedstock - a petroleum mixture consisting of 30% of Ukhta oils and 70% of East oils, after the process of electric desalting and dehydration, carried out in order to remove the salts and water contained in the feed, are fed to a double distillation atmospheric distillation unit, to a topping column, where, in the process of fractionation, gasoline is removed from the top of the column, and partially topped oil is removed from the bottom of the column (1), which, after additional heating, is fed to the K-2 main fractionation column (2). In the K-2 column, which has 42 plates, from 15 plates, straight-run heavy diesel fuel is sampled into the K-3/3 stripping column (7), from 25 plates, straight-run light diesel fuel is sampled into the K-3/2 stripping column (6), and from the 35 plate, the kerosene fraction is selected into the K-3/1 stripping column (5). From the top of the K-2 column, gasoline is selected (3), fuel oil (4) is removed from the bottom of the column.

The pressure at the top of the K-2 column can withstand 0.4-0.6 ati, the supply temperature is not higher than 365 ° C, the top temperature is 128-132 ° C, the temperature on the 35 plate is 194-198 ° C, the temperature is on 25 plate - 239-243 ° C, temperature on a 15 plate can withstand 308-312 ° C.

The given technological regime provides a 95% boiling point of the fractional composition of the sum of fractions from K-3/2 and K-3/3, corresponding to 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition of commercial diesel fuel for a temperate climate (DTL), due to which the rectification process is carried out without reducing sampling 60% wt. straight run fraction of light diesel fuel (9) from stripping K-3/2 of the total number of diesel fractions and 40% wt. straight run fraction of heavy diesel fuel (10) is removed from K-3/3, thus getting a fraction from K-3/2, boiling within 180-290 ° C with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C, which is then sent to hydrotreatment (11 ) Hydrotreating of this fraction of light diesel fuel is carried out in a known manner to a total sulfur content of 10 ppm. The fraction of heavy diesel fuel from K-3/3, boiling in the range of 290-407 ° C, is then sent to hydrotreatment (12) followed by catalytic dewaxing (14). Hydrotreating is carried out in a known manner to a sulfur content of 10 ppm. The dewaxing is carried out in a known manner until the cloud point is minus 22 ° C.

Further, the obtained fractions: the hydrotreated fraction of light diesel fuel (13) and the fraction of heavy diesel fuel that underwent hydrotreating and dewaxing processes (15), are mixed and base fuel is obtained (17).

The selection of the ratio of the fractions during compounding is carried out depending on the fractional composition of the fraction of heavy diesel fuel, in connection with the degree of reduction of the 95% boiling point of the fractional composition due to the cracking and isomerization chemical reactions occurring during the catalytic dewaxing process. The ratio of fractions during mixing provides a 95% boiling point of the fractional composition of commercial fuel DTZ (no more than 340 ° C). In case of partial involvement of the heavy diesel fuel fraction that has undergone hydrotreating and dewaxing processes in the basic DTZ, the excess fraction (16) is sent to the preparation of commercial DTL.

A depressant-dispersing additive (19) is introduced into the obtained base fuel with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C (19) and a commodity DTZ is obtained (18). Depressor-dispersant additives are introduced to improve the ultimate filterability temperature. The amount of depressant-dispersant additive involved up to 800 ppm provides a maximum filterability temperature (PTF) of no higher than minus 32 ° C.

Examples of execution.

Examples of performance are given for a mixture of oil consisting of 30% of Ukhta oils and 70% of Eastern oils, using a catalytic dewaxing unit with a capacity of 100 t / h to obtain class 2 DTZ with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C.

Previously, at the Automax 9100 laboratory unit, the total straight-run fraction of diesel fuel was distilled into narrow fractions in order to assess the physicochemical and qualitative parameters of the diesel fuel potential in this type of petroleum feedstock and determine the value of the most significant parameter - the cloud point of each emitted narrow fraction.

The test results are shown in columns 2, 3, 4 of tables 1, 2, 3.

Further, in the process of the next preparatory stage, the operation of the primary oil distillation (ABT and AT) units of OAO Slavneft-YANOS was examined, technical capabilities were determined for the options for separating straight-run diesel fuel fractions into stripping columns of the K-2-K-3 main fractionating column / 2 (fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel) and K-3/3 (fraction of straight-run heavy diesel fuel).

The results are shown in columns 5 and 6 of tables 1, 2, 3, which show:

- to ensure the required cloud point (minus 22 ° C) of the straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel (fraction from K-3/2), it is necessary to select a fraction at the level of 60% wt. of the total amount of diesel fuel (mixture K-3/2 and K-3/3), and the remaining 40% wt. the potential of diesel fractions is taken from the stripping column K-3/3 - a straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel is isolated (see Table 1);

- to ensure the cloud point of the straight run fraction of light diesel fuel (fraction from K-3/2) minus 27 ° C, which is five degrees lower than the required value for commercial fuel, it is necessary to select the straight run fraction of light diesel fuel at the level of 46.92% wt. . of the total potential amount of diesel fuel (mixture of K-3/2 and K-3/3), and the remaining 53.08% wt. selected from the stripping column K-3/3 - straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel (see Table 2);

- to ensure the cloud point of the straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel (fraction from K-3/2) minus 17 ° C, which is five degrees higher than the required cloud point of commercial fuel, it is necessary to select a fraction at the level of 72.42% wt. of the total potential amount of diesel fuel (mixture of K-3/2 and K-3/3), and the remaining 27.58% wt. selected from the stripping column K-3/3 - straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel (see Table 3).

From table 1 it is seen that some of the narrow fractions of diesel fuel boiling within NK-290 ° C already have the cloud point required for class 2 (minus 22 ° C), therefore, it is not necessary to subject them to catalytic dewaxing. Moreover, if they are sent for dewaxing, these fractions will be the ballast component of the process. Therefore, according to the proposed method, this part of the diesel fuel fractions is taken from the stripping column K-3/2 and is sent only to hydrotreating. The process of dewaxing fractions of heavy diesel fuel from K-3/3 is carried out to a cloud point of minus 22 ° C.

From table 2 it is seen that part of the diesel fuel fractions boiling within NK-270 ° C has a cloud point minus 27 ° C. According to the proposed method, these fractions of diesel fuel, taken from the stripping column K-3/2, are sent only to hydrotreatment. With this process management, it is possible to dewax heavy diesel fuel fractions from K-3/3 to a temperature of minus 18 ° C.

From table 3 it is seen that part of the diesel fractions boiling within the NK-310 ° C has a cloud point minus 17 ° C. According to the proposed method, it is possible to direct this part of diesel fuel, taken from the stripping column K-3/2, only to hydrotreating. In this case, the cloud point of the total DTZ minus 22 ° C is provided by the process of dewaxing the fraction of heavy diesel fuel to a temperature of minus 37 ° C.

Laboratory tests were conducted of options for the process of dewaxing diesel fuel. The test results are shown in table 4. Examples of the method using a traditional dewaxing catalyst (n-paraffin cracking reactions predominate) and a platinum-containing dewaxing catalyst (n-paraffin isomerization reactions predominate) are considered. The method can be implemented not only on the above catalysts, but also on any variant of the dewaxing process. Table 4 also shows the survey data on the operation of diesel hydrotreatment units and summarizes the material balance for various options for producing diesel fuel.

Example 1

An example using a traditional dewaxing catalyst and isolating a straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel with a cloud point in accordance with the class of fuel obtained minus 22 ° C.

During the primary distillation of oil in the main distillation column of the AT unit, straight-run fractions are isolated in K-3/1 - the kerosene fraction, in K-3/2 - the light diesel fraction, in K-3/3 - the heavy diesel fraction. From the K-3/2 column, a fraction boiling in the range of 180-290 ° C with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C is obtained and directed to hydrotreatment; from the K-3/3 column, a fraction is boiling in the range of 290-407 ° C , and direct it to hydrotreating with dewaxing.

The process of dewaxing fractions from the column K-3/3 is carried out to a cloud point of minus 22 ° C. During the dewaxing of the K-3/3 fraction due to cracking and isomerization processes, a 95% decrease in the boiling point of the fractional composition decreases from 365 ° C to 360 ° C, which is insufficient to meet the quality requirements for DTZ. This requirement is satisfied by sending to DTZ 80% wt. dewaxed fraction of heavy diesel fuel from K-3/3. Then 20% wt. dewaxed fraction sent to the preparation of commodity DTL.

The hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2 is combined with 80% wt. hydrotreated and dewaxed fractions from K-3/3, a depressant-dispersing additive, for example, Dodiflou 4965 from Clariant, is introduced in an amount of 700 ppm and a commodity DTZ is obtained.

At the same time, due to the low content of light diesel fractions in the raw material of the dewaxing unit with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C and lower, the dewaxing process takes place with a minimum amount of ballast fractions, due to which there is an increase in the production of DTZ at the existing facilities of the dewaxing process.

The loading of the dewaxing unit is 100 t / h, the fraction from the K-3/2 column (60% by weight of the total straight-run diesel fuel) is sent to hydrotreating, the fraction from the K-3/3 column (40% by weight of the total straight-run diesel fuel) is sent to hydrotreating, followed by dewaxing, the yield of the target product in hydrotreating and subsequent dewaxing is 90% wt., hydrotreating is 98.5% wt., average yield is 95.1% wt. At the given dewaxing capacities, you can get 219 75 t / h DTZ. The effect of reducing 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition during dewaxing is 5 ° C.

Example 2

An example using a platinum-containing dewaxing catalyst and isolating a fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel with a cloud point required for the class of fuel obtained minus 22 ° C.

During the initial distillation of oil, straight-run fractions are extracted from the main distillation column K-2 of the AT installation into stripping columns K-3/1, K-3/2, K-3/3, a fraction boiling off into the K-3/2 column is obtained between 180-290 ° C, with a cloud point of minus 22 ° C and directing it to hydrotreating, a fraction boiling off within 290-407 ° C is obtained from the K-3/3 column, and directing it to hydrotreating, followed by dewaxing. The process of dewaxing fractions from the column K-3/3 is carried out to a cloud point of minus 22 ° C. In the process of dewaxing the K-3/3 fraction due to cracking and isomerization processes, a 95% decrease in the boiling point of the fractional composition decreases from 365 ° C to 353 ° C, which, after mixing with the hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2, is sufficient to satisfy the requirements for fractional composition of commodity DTZ.

The hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2 is combined with the hydrotreated and dewaxed fraction from K-3/3, the Clariant Dodiflou 4965 depressant-dispersant additive is introduced in an amount of 700 ppm and a commodity DTZ is obtained.

The loading of the dewaxing unit is 100 t / h, the fraction from the K-3/2 column (60% by weight of the total straight-run diesel fuel) is sent to hydrotreating, the fraction from the K-3/3 column (40% by weight of the total straight-run diesel fuel) is sent to hydrotreatment followed by dewaxing, the yield of the target product in hydrotreating followed by dewaxing is 95.5% wt., hydrotreatment is 98.5% wt., average yield is 97.2% wt. At the given capacities of the dewaxing process, you can get 243 t / h DTZ. The effect of reducing 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition during dewaxing is 12 ° C.

Example 3

An example using a platinum-containing dewaxing catalyst and isolating a fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel with a cloud point of minus 27 ° C, which is 5 ° C lower than that required for the class (minus 22 ° C) of the resulting diesel fuel.

During the initial distillation of oil from the main distillation column of the AT unit, straight-run fractions are isolated in K-3/1, K-3/2, K-3/3, and from the K-3/2 column, a straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel is boiled off within 180 -270 ° C, with a cloud point of minus 27 ° C and directing it to hydrotreatment, a fraction boiling from 270-407 ° C is obtained from the K-3/3 column, and it is sent to hydrotreating, followed by dewaxing. The process of dewaxing fractions from the column K-3/3 is carried out to a cloud point of minus 18 ° C. In the process of dewaxing the K-3/3 fraction due to cracking and isomerization of the fractions, a 95% decrease in the boiling point of the fractional composition decreases from 363 ° C to 354 ° C, which, after mixing with the hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2, is sufficient to satisfy the requirements by fractional composition of fuel DTZ.

The hydrotreated fraction K-3/2 is combined with the hydrotreated and dewaxed fraction from K-3/3, the Clariant Dodiflou 4965 depressant-dispersant additive is introduced in an amount of 700 ppm and DTZ commercial fuel is produced.

The fraction from the K-3/2 column (46.92% wt. Of the total straight-run diesel fuel — 88.6 t / h) is sent for hydrotreating, the fraction from the K-3/3 column (53.08% wt. From the total the amount of straight-run diesel fuel (100 t / h) is sent to hydrotreating, followed by dewaxing, the yield of the target product in hydrotreating and subsequent dewaxing is 96.0% wt., in hydrotreating - 98.5% wt., average yield - 97.2% wt. At the given capacities of the dewaxing process, it is possible to obtain a yield of 183.27 t / h DTZ. The effect of reducing 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition is 9 ° C.

Example 4

An example using a platinum-containing dewaxing catalyst and the isolation of light diesel fuel with a cloud point of minus 17 ° C, which is 5 ° C higher than that required for the class (minus 22 ° C) of DTZ commercial fuel.

During the initial distillation of oil from the main distillation column of the AT unit, straight-run fractions are isolated into stripping columns K-3/1, K-3/2, K-3/3. From the K-3/2 column a fraction boiling off within 180-310 ° C, with a cloud point of minus 17 ° C is obtained and sent to hydrotreatment, from the K-3/3 column a fraction boiling off within 310-407 ° C is obtained , and direct it sequentially to hydrotreatment and then to dewaxing. The process of dewaxing fractions from the column K-3/3 is carried out to a cloud point of minus 37 ° C. In the process of dewaxing a fraction from K-3/3 due to cracking and isomerization processes, a 95% decrease in the boiling point of the fractional composition decreases from 371 ° C to 356 ° C, which, after mixing with a hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2, is sufficient to satisfy the requirements by fractional composition of commercial fuel DTZ.

The hydrotreated fraction from K-3/2 is combined with the hydrotreated and dewaxed fraction from K-3/3, a Clariant Dodiflou 4965 depressant-dispersant additive is introduced in an amount of 700 ppm and DTZ commercial fuel is obtained.

At the same time, the content of light diesel fractions dewaxing in the raw material is minimal, the content of heavy diesel fractions containing paraffin hydrocarbons is maximum, the dewaxing process is as effective as possible, and the increase in DTZ production is maximum.

A fraction from the K-3/2 column (72.42% by weight of the total straight-run diesel fuel, i.e. 262.55 t / h) is sent to hydrotreatment, a fraction from the K-3/3 column (27.58% wt. of the total amount of straight-run diesel fuel, i.e. 100 t / h) is sent to hydrotreating followed by dewaxing, the yield of the target product is hydrotreating - 98.5% wt., hydrotreating followed by dewaxing - 94.0% wt. the average yield is 97.3% wt. At the given dewaxing capacities, it is possible to obtain 352 t / h of DTZ commercial fuel. The effect of reducing 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition is 15 ° C.

In an industrial setting, the choice of an embodiment of the method (i.e., the optimum cloud point temperature of the emitted straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel) is determined by the needs of the market in a particular class and type of commercial diesel fuel, the availability of primary processing capacities, and a number of other factors.

The embodiment of the proposed method described in example 4 (the cloud point of the straight-run light diesel fraction is 5 ° C higher than that required for the fuel class) requires a very strict process mode during the dewaxing process, its choice will require frequent catalyst regeneration, which will lead to significant operating costs. At the same time, winter diesel fuel production under this option is maximum. A further increase in the cloud point of the straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel emitted from K-3/2 to 6 ° C and higher than that required for the class of obtained DTZ is technically inexpedient due to the very strict technological mode and frequent regeneration of the catalyst.

An embodiment of the proposed method described in example 3 (the cloud point of light diesel is 5 ° C lower than that required for the class) can be achieved in a relatively mild dewaxing mode, however, winter diesel fuel production is minimal according to this option. A further decrease in the cloud point of light diesel fuel to 6 ° C or more from the required value for the class of obtained DTZ is not economically feasible.

Thus, the application of the proposed method for producing commercial fuel DTZ allows you to:

- maximize the use of the main resource for increasing production - the fraction of straight-run diesel fuel for summer,

- do not use valuable kerosene fractions in the cooking process,

- maximize the use of the full potential of diesel fractions contained in petroleum feedstocks in the process, without reducing the selection of light petroleum products and without dropping into the fuel oil fractions with a boiling end of more than 340 ° C,

- increase the positive effect of reducing the 95% boiling point of the fractional composition in the process of dewaxing by increasing the content of heavy fractions in the feed,

- to carry out the process of dewaxing in the absence of ballast fractions (lighter fractions of straight-run diesel fuel), thereby increasing the efficiency of the process and increasing the production of DTZ, while minimizing operating costs,

- and also reduce capital costs due to the lack of the need to build secondary processes for the separation of oil components into narrower fractions.

Table 1 Correspondence of the fractional composition of narrow fractions of straight-run diesel fuel to their cloud point (for oil mixtures: 30% wt. Ukhta oil, 70% wt. East oil) T turbidity straight run diesel fuel, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 Fraction ∗, ° C % distillation, wt. T turbidity, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 T turbidity of the mixture of fractions, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 % wt. Proposed Processing Process for Class 2 DTZ Cloud point of the base fuel one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 below 180 0.37 - 180-200 0.98 -66.5 200-210 4.64 -56 210-220 7.41 -44 220-230 6.28 -41.5 230-240 6.82 -37 -22 60 Hydrotreating 240-250 6.23 -33.5 250-260 7.43 -26 260-270 6.46 -25 270-280 6.75 -twenty 280-290 6.63 -16 -22 -5 290-300 6.50 -12 300-310 5.92 -9 310-320 5.35 -4.5 Hydrotreating with dewaxing to minus 22 ° C 320-330 4.09 +1 330-340 4.14 +5 340-350 3.25 +9 +7 40 350-360 3.13 +13.5 360-370 2.78 +17 370-380 2.07 +20 380-390 1.14 +24 390-400 1,03 +27.5 400-407 0.60 +30.5 ∗ Fractional distillation was performed on an AUTOMAXX 9100 automatic distillation unit according to ASTM D 2892.

Columns 5, 6, 7, 8 illustrate the preparation of a fraction of straight-run diesel fuel sent only to hydrotreatment, with the cloud point required for the class (minus 22 ° C)

table 2 Correspondence of the fractional composition of narrow fractions of straight-run diesel fuel to their cloud point (for oil mixtures: 30% wt. Ukhta oil, 70% wt. East oil) T turbidity straight run diesel fuel, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 Fraction ∗, ° C % distillation, wt. T turbidity, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 T turbidity of the mixture of fractions, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 % wt. Proposed Processing Process For DTZ Class 2 Cloud point of the base fuel one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 below 180 0.37 - 180-200 0.98 -66.5 200-210 4.64 -56 210-220 7.41 -44 220-230 6.28 -41.5 -27 46.92 Hydrotreating 230-240 6.82 -37 240-250 6.23 -33.5 250-260 7.43 -26 260-270 6.46 -25 270-280 6.75 -twenty 280-290 6.63 -16 -22 -5 290-300 6.5 -12 300-310 5.92 -9 310-320 5.35 -4.5 320-330 4.09 +1 Hydrotreating with dewaxing to cloud point minus 18 ° C 330-340 4.14 +5 +5 53.08 340-350 3.25 +9 350-360 3.13 +13.5 360-370 2.78 +17 370-380 2.07 +20 380-390 1.14 +24 390-400 1,03 +27.5 400-407 0.60 +30.5 ∗ Fractional distillation was performed on an AUTOMAXX 9100 automatic distillation unit according to ASTM D 2892.

Columns 5, 6, 7, 8 illustrate the preparation of a fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel sent only to hydrotreatment with a cloud point of minus 27 ° C, which is 5 ° C lower than that required for the class (minus 22 ° C), which allows dewaxing of the heavy fraction diesel fuel to a temperature of minus 18 ° C.

Table 3 Correspondence of the fractional composition of narrow fractions of straight-run diesel fuel to their cloud point (for oil mixtures: 30% wt. Ukhta oil, 70% wt. East oil) T turbidity straight run diesel fuel, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 Fraction *, ° C % distillation, wt. T turbidity, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 T turbidity of the mixture of fractions, ° C according to ASTM D 2500 % wt. Proposed Processing Process for Class 2 DTZ Cloud point of the base fuel one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 below 180 0.37 - 180-200 0.98 -66.5 200-210 4.64 -56 210-220 7.41 -44 220-230 6.28 -41.5 230-240 6.82 -37 -17 72.42 Hydrotreating 240-250 6.23 -33.5 250-260 7.43 -26 260-270 6.46 -25 270-280 6.75 -twenty -5 280-290 6.63 -16 -22 290-300 6.5 -12 300-310 5.92 -9 310-320 5.35 -4.5 320-330 4.09 +1 330-340 4.14 +5 340-350 3.25 +9 Hydrotreating with dewaxing to cloud point minus 37 ° C 350-360 3.13 +13.5 +13 27.58 360-370 2.78 +17 370-380 2.07 +20 380-390 1.14 +24 390-400 1,03 +27.5 400-407 0.60 +30.5 ∗ Fractional distillation was performed on an AUTOMAXX 9100 automatic distillation unit according to ASTM D 2892.

Columns 5, 6, 7, 8 illustrate the preparation of a fraction of straight-run light diesel fuel sent for hydrotreating with a cloud point of minus 17 ° C, which is 5 ° C higher than that required for the class (minus 22 ° C), which is offset by dewaxing of the heavy diesel fraction fuel to a temperature of minus 37 ° C.

Table 4 Examples of the method of producing winter diesel fuel. Parameter Units rev. Obtaining DTZ class 2 (cloud point minus 22 ° C) Example 1 Example 2 Raw materials GO Raw materials GO + dep GO Product Product GO + DP * Total basic DTZ Raw materials GO Raw materials GO + dep GO Product Product GO + DP Total basic DTZ Consumption t / h 150 one hundred 147.75 72 and 18 * 219.75 150 one hundred 147.75 95.5 243 Sulfur content - 0.55% 1.15% 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 0.55% 1.15% 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm Cloud point ° C -22 +7 -22 -22 -22 -22 +7 -22 -22 -22 Cetane number > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 Flash point ° C > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 Acceleration according to ASTM D 86 95% vol. ° C 284 365 284 360 340 284 365 284 353 340 Product yield (with flash DT 56 ° C) % wt. on raw materials - - 98.5 90 95.1 - 98.5 95.5 97.2 ∗ Note: 80% wt. fractions after hydrotreating with dewaxing is sent to DTZ, and 20% wt. sent to DTL (to provide 95% of the boiling point of the fractional composition of DTZ). Parameter Units rev. Obtaining DTZ class 2 Example 3 Example 4 Raw materials GO Raw materials GO + dep GO Product Product GO + DP * Total basic DTZ Raw materials GO Raw materials GO + dep GO Product Product GO + DP Total basic DTZ Consumption t / h 88.6 one hundred 87.27 96 183.27 262.55 one hundred 258.6 94 352.6 Sulfur content - 0.5% 1.1% 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 0.6% 1.25% 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm Cloud point ° C -27 +5 -27 -eighteen -22 -17 +13 -17 -37 -22 Cetane number > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 > 51 Flash point ° C > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 > 56 Acceleration according to ASTM D 86 95% vol. ° C 264 363 264 354 340 300 371 300 356 338 Product yield (with flash DT 56 ° C) % wt. on raw materials - - 98.5 96 97.2 - - 98.5 94 97.3

Claims (1)

A method of producing winter diesel fuel from sulphurous oils, including the distillation of oil with the separation of a kerosene fraction and diesel fuel fractions, catalytic hydrotreating and dewaxing of diesel fuel fractions, compounding fractions, the introduction of additives, characterized in that light and heavy straight-run diesel fractions are isolated during oil distillation, further, the straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel is subjected to catalytic hydrotreatment, and the straight-run fraction of heavy diesel fuel in full subjected to catalytic hydrotreating and catalytic dewaxing, while the straight-run fraction of light diesel fuel is isolated with a cloud point in the temperature range from 5 ° C above 5 ° C below the normative value for the resulting commercial winter diesel fuel, and the straight-run fraction of heavy diesel oil is isolated from 95% boiling point of the fractional composition, which provides the possibility of involving this fraction in whole or in part in winter diesel fuel after the process dewaxing, and in this case, the process of catalytic dewaxing of the heavy diesel fuel fraction is carried out until the required cloud point of this fraction is obtained, which provide the normative cloud point of the winter diesel fuel obtained by compounding the hydrotreated light diesel fraction with the balance amount of hydrotreated and catalytic dewaxing fraction heavy diesel fuel at the same time provide the normative value of the 95% boiling point of the fractional composition of commercial fuel, and the required value of the limiting filterability temperature (PTF) of commercial fuel is provided by introducing a depressant additive.

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