RU2535147C1 - Method of obtaining organo-mineral fertilizings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: the invention relates to agriculture. The method of obtaining of organo-mineral fertilizing includes the use of wastes of industry and agriculture, and tereklit clays are used as fertilizings, corn stalks and molybdenum containing industrial wastes in the ratio 5:1:0,5, they are mixed and brought into the soil of under-winter tillage amounting 5-7 tons per hectare.

EFFECT: invention allows to expand the range of fertilizings and simultaneously to dispose the wastes of industry and agriculture.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the disposal of organic and mineral waste from industry and agriculture.

There is a method in which organic fertilizers are obtained on the basis of sawdust, household waste water and chemical waste - phosphogypsum (patent 2423337 from 07/10/2011, IPC C05F 7/00). The known method is quite laborious, since sawdust and dihydrate phosphogypsum are added to the household waste sludge and composted in the spring-summer period at high temperatures and periodically mixed for 4-5 months. This complicates the method.

The closest technical solution is a method in which bedless manure of cattle, farm waste, straw and chemical waste - phosphogypsum are composted. The components are placed in a recess on an clay platform and monthly mixed until ripe (patent No. 2423335 from 07/10/2011, IPC C05F 3/00). The known technical solution is complex because it includes several ingredients, stacked in layers, which require prolonged mixing. In addition, in the production of fertilizers there are no trace elements necessary for the growth and development of plants. Recycled phosphogypsum does not contain trace elements.

The technical result is a simplification of the method, the expansion of the range of fertilizers with the simultaneous disposal of industrial and agricultural waste. The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that tereklite clay, corn cobs and molybdenum-containing industrial wastes in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.5 are mixed and introduced into the soil under winter tillage in the amount of 5-7 tons per hectare.

The method is as follows:

Tereklite clay - clay deposits of the Terek River - contain a number of valuable elements: Al ₂ O ₃ - 19.4%, Ca and Mg 2.75% each, Fe ₂ O ₃ 5.54%, organic matter 2%, SiO ₂ - more than 50% and other trace elements in permissible concentrations necessary for plants (molybdenum, cobalt, sulfur, vanadium, etc.).

Corn stalks - (180-200 kg of rods are contained in one ton of corn grain) have a neutral environment (pH - 7.1). They have high solubility. in soil solution. The complete absence of heavy metals, resins and wax make them ideal organic carriers and a breeding ground for soil microflora. The chemical composition of the cobs includes (%): water - 11.7; protein - 3.1; fat 0.9; fiber - 32.5; BEV - 49.9; ash - 1.9.

The molybdenum-containing wastes of the Pobedit plant (Vladikavkaz) are powder (pre-ground) containing (%): molybdenum 3-4, copper 30-35, iron 12-13, sulfur 15-16.

The elements contained in the waste (molybdenum, copper, iron, sulfur) are activators of microflora in the soil, especially nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria.

Clay deposits containing more than 50% calcium are sorbents of substances in molybdenum-containing wastes and their prolongators (slowly releasing).

The method parameters are justified by the contained elements in each ingredient, the sorption and prolonging abilities of clay and corn cobs and the ability to provide the necessary access of macro- and micronutrients for cultivated plants and soil microflora.

Example. Fertilizers were prepared at the rate of 5 tons of clay deposits of the Terek River, 1 ton of corn cobs and 0.5 tons of molybdenum-containing waste. Before fertilizing under the chill, when mixing the ingredients, the corn cobs were crushed. The mixture was applied with a fertilizer seeder under autumn tillage.

In the spring, a leguminous crop was sown - soy, which forms nitrogen-fixing nodules. The following year, maize was sown on a crop rotation. In the experiment, a background without fertilizers was used as a control. The results of the experiments are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Experience Options Soybean crop, t / ha Deviations from control ± Harvest grain corn, t / ha Deviations from control ± Control (without fertilizer) 1,6 - 5 - Clay deposits 2,3 +0.7 6.8 +1.7 Molybdenum-containing waste 2,8 +1.2 7.2 +2.0 Corn Stumps 2.1 +0.5 6.2 +1.0 Clay deposits + molybdenum-containing waste 3.2 +1.6 7.8 +2.6 Clay deposits + corn cobs 3.6 +2.0 8.1 +2.9 Corn cobs + molybdenum-containing waste 2,4 +0.8 8.0 +2.8 Proposed 4.0 +2.4 8.8 +3.6

The use of recycled industrial waste, natural resources (clay of the Terek River) and agricultural waste as fertilizers can yield significant increases in yield.

Claims (1)

A method of producing organic fertilizer, including the use of industrial and agricultural wastes, characterized in that tereklite clays, corn cobs and molybdenum-containing industrial wastes are used as fertilizers in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.5, they are mixed and introduced into the soil under autumn plowing in 5-7 tons per hectare.