RU2423335C1 - Method of producing organomineral fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing organomineral fertiliser involves composting liquid cattle manure, intra-farm wastes, soil, straw and chemical production wastes - phosphogypsum. Said components are layered onto a packed clay platform with a depressed bottom in the following ratio in wt %: liquid cattle manure 65-70, soil 5-8, intra-farm wastes 2-5, phosphogypsum 15-20, straw - the rest. The mixture is mixed every month for 4-4.5 months before maturation.

EFFECT: method enables to obtain organomineral fertiliser with retention of organic substance, moisture and nitrogen, which has a positive effect on the soil and crop yield.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain organic fertilizers based on composting waste from livestock farms (bedless manure of cattle) and chemical production (phosphogypsum).

There is a method for preparing complex organic mineral fertilizers (application for invention No. 2002108155, publication date: 03/20/2004) from dried manure, mineral fertilizers and microelements. Decomposition products of two to four years old sludge from sewage treatment plants from litter of pigs, poultry and cattle are crushed and separated into fractions of 2-5 mm, mixed and mixed with bischofite brine by finely dispersed droplets into components in the manure fractions, then the mixture is dried to moisture 16-22%.

This method has a long preliminary preparation of organic fertilizers that are part of the fertilizer, and it is also too time-consuming and energy-intensive.

There is a method of preparing fertilizer from bedding manure and a device for its implementation (application for invention No. 98106491/13, publication date: 03/27/2000). This method includes feeding the original manure into the tank, separating it into fractions through the perforated wall of the tank with filtering absorbent material, removing the liquid fraction and mixing the sediment of the container with filtering absorbent material of its walls. The feed of manure into the tank is carried out periodically with the filling of 0.7-1.0 m of its height.

The specified method is inconvenient due to the complex device for its implementation, and also it is too time-consuming.

A known method of preparing liquid manure for the production of organic fertilizer (RF patent No. 2361849, class C05F 3/00, 2008), which includes removing mechanical impurities from manure, disinfecting manure in an electro-hydraulic chamber, followed by separation of manure into solid and liquid fractions, feeding enrichment mineral elements into a solid fraction, mixing with it and using the mixture as an organomineral fertilizer.

The disadvantage of this method of preparing liquid manure for the production of organic fertilizer is its complexity, since it is necessary to disinfect manure in an electro-hydraulic chamber, followed by separation of manure into solid and liquid fractions. In this regard, this method is very time-consuming and energy-intensive.

Also known is a method of preparing manure for use as a fertilizer (application for invention No. 98108717, publication date: 02/10/2000), including chemical fixing of ammonia nitrogen in it using phosphogypsum, which is evenly dispersed over scattered manure at the rate of 30 kg per 1 ton of manure immediately after the manure spreaders for fertilizer application during field work, mainly in autumn and spring at a temperature of 10-15 ° C and below.

The disadvantage of this method is the additional cost of using various techniques for introducing organic waste from animal husbandry and for making mineral additives (phosphogypsum).

The technical solution of the claimed invention is to obtain accelerated organic fertilizer with simultaneous improvement of its quality while reducing labor costs and energy consumption.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of producing organic fertilizer, including chemical fixation in manure of ammonia nitrogen using phosphogypsum, according to the invention, cattle bedding manure, soil, farm waste, phosphogypsum and straw are used, which are layered in layers on a compacted clay platform with a recessed bottom when the following ratio (wt.%):

bedless manure of cattle - 65-70,

soil - 5-8,

intra-farm waste - 2-5,

phosphogypsum - 15-20,

straw - the rest;

then monthly for 4-4.5 months until maturation is mixed.

The novelty of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that it is proposed to obtain organic fertilizer from various wastes of agricultural and industrial production, the properties of which are improved by the interaction of the mineral and organic parts of the colloids of the proposed components. The claimed method is quite simple, allows for a short time to get high-performance fertilizer needed for use in agriculture.

According to the patent and scientific and technical literature, no similar technical solution was found, which allows us to judge the inventive step of the proposal.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of obtaining organic fertilizer

The experiment was conducted on a compacted clay platform with a volume of 600 m ³ with a 0.4 m deepened bottom (compost height - 2.0 m, platform width 5 m, platform length - 50 m), designed for 500 tons of organic fertilizer at the rate of 0.8 -0.9 t / m ³ , located near the farm OJSC "Testament of Ilyich" of the Leningrad region, from mid-April to mid-September. Litterless cattle manure as the main organic component was placed layer by layer with soil, farm waste and phosphogypsum on a straw pillow in the following sequence and thickness: 1) straw - 25-30 cm, 2) litterless cattle manure - 20-25 cm, 3) soil - 5 -10 cm, 4) phosphogypsum - 10-15 cm, 5) bedding manure of cattle - 20-25 cm, 6) soil - 5-10 cm, 7) phosphogypsum - 10-15 cm, 8) bedding manure of cattle 20-25 cm, 9) soil - 5-10 cm, 10) in-farm waste - 25-35 cm, 11) phosphogypsum - 10-15 cm, 12) straw - 15-25 cm. Composts of experimental (mixed) and control (clean, non-litter) of manure) variants are created at the same time; their ripening period is 4.0-4.5 months (from mid-April to mid-September). Mixing the mixture of the experimental version and in the control was carried out 1.5 months after laying to improve aeration in the whole mass in both versions at the same time (at the end of May). Next, compost was mixed monthly.

In September, some physical and agrochemical characteristics of the obtained fertilizers were analyzed and compared. The main physical indicator was the aggregation of the constituent components in the fertilizer. Compared to control, the level of aggregation increased by 15% while improving aeration and maintaining moisture content of about 40%, as well as reducing losses of organic matter and nitrogen. In phosphogypsum, the cation exchange capacity is represented by the mineral part, and in manure it is mainly organic. When composting pure manure without a mineral additive (phosphogypsum), large losses of nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia, as well as organic matter, were noted in it. The preservation of nitrogen in manure is an important practical and environmental task, and therefore the technology presented is aimed at the use of techniques that prevent its useless losses. It was established that nitrogen losses in the mixture without the use of phosphogypsum reach up to two-thirds or more of its initial content. When alternating layers of cattle manure and other agricultural wastes with phosphogypsum, ammonia is absorbed due to the exchange of phosphogypsum cations for ammonium ions. Up to 500 kg of nitrogen are stored per 100 tons of manure in a complex organic-mineral mixture (agricultural waste + industrial waste - phosphogypsum). The high capacity of the cation exchange of phosphogypsum and organic substances of agricultural waste determines the absorption of most of the ammonium and its fixation in granules. The amount of absorbed bases of phosphogypsum is from 30 to 40 mEq. / 100 g; when replacing 30% of the absorption capacity with phosphogypsum, ammonium is retained in the mixture on average 12-15 mEq / 100 g of substrate or 120-150 kg per 1 ton of phosphogypsum.

Together with the nitrogen part, organic matter is preserved in the fertilizer with phosphogypsum (losses are reduced to 40%) due to its aggregation with manure.

The prepared fertilizer is transported by tractors and scattered under the plow with a manure spreader at a rate of 35-38 t / ha. The positive effect of the fertilizer on crop yields persists for 4-5 years through the improvement of soil physics, enrichment with organic matter, calcium, sulfur, micro- and mesoelements, a beneficial effect on the development and quality of the crop, the functioning of microbial and mesofauna communities, as well as containment of the population of field mice in winter wheat crops; the introduction of one humus has a positive effect on the crop yield of only 3 years.

Claims (1)

A method of producing organic fertilizer, including chemical fixation of ammonia nitrogen in manure using phosphogypsum, characterized in that they use litterless manure, farm waste, soil and straw, which are layered in layers on a compacted clay platform with a recessed bottom in the following ratio, wt.%:
bedless manure of cattle 65-70 the soil 5-8 farm waste 2-5 phosphogypsum 15-20 straw rest,
then monthly for 4-4.5 months to ripen mix.