WO2019212440A1

WO2019212440A1 - A novel ecological and biological organomineral fertilizer

Info

Publication number: WO2019212440A1
Application number: PCT/TR2019/050011
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ertugrul YORUKOGULLARI
Original assignee: Anadolu Universitesi
Priority date: 2018-05-04
Filing date: 2019-01-07
Publication date: 2019-11-07
Also published as: EP3814300A1; EP3814300A4

Abstract

The invention relates to solid organomineral fertilizer which provides switching to biological farming from agrichemical and increase of efficiency of product obtained by agriculture, and which is obtained by blending of organic fertilizers and chemical raw materials, and which is controlled-release, and which has properties of being ecological and biological.

Description

A NOVEL ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER

Related Technical Field of the Invention:

State of the Art:

The soil is essentially comprised of four different structure matters. The proportional amounts of structure matter by volume on a soil suitable for plant growing are as follows:

1. Solid portion = 50% (Solid Phase)

1.1 Inorganic matters = 45%

1.2 Organic matters = 5%

2. Pore gaps = 50%

2.1 Liquid = 25% (Liquid Phase)

2.2 Air = 25% (Gas Phase)

Vegetal and animal residue constitute the main source of soil organic matter. Depending on type and decomposition rate of said vegetal and animal residue, percentage of these matters in organic matter is changed. Main matters found in composition of organic matter are; carbohydrates such as sugar, starch and cellulose, lignin, tannin, oils and waxes, resins, proteins, pigments and mineral substances. The biggest constituents of soil organic matter are lignin and protein. Inorganic matters found in soil are chemically non-metal elements such as C, H, 0, N, S, P and metal elements such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, Fe . Organic matter content in soils is desired to be more 3% in terms of soil quality and production.

Plants need the elements such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Boron and, in some cases Molybdenum to grow and maintain their lives. Organic matter and water amount present in the soil is sufficient to provide a portion of nutrient required for growing the plants. However, generally organic matter inside the soil can be poor in terms of a number of elements and nutrients required for growing the plants. As stated above, in cases when organic and inorganic matter content required for efficiency in production is not provided, fertilizing process is performed to increase efficiency of agricultural soils in order to increase quality and quantity of the product.

The fertilizer is a chemical or natural material that is added to soil to provide chemical elements required for the nutrition of plant. Moreover, the fertilizers are matters containing nutrients required for growing the plants. Fertilizer factor can provide an increase about 40% in efficiency of the crop. Fertilizers are sorted as natural fertilizers and artificial fertilizers .

The fertilizer known as natural fertilizer is a product containing required minerals for the nutrition of plants, easing the nutrition of plant from the soil by regulating chemical and physical structure in the soil, being obtained from the wastes of fossil, animal and plants. The most common natural fertilizers are stable fertilizers, composts and green manures. Organic fertilizers correct physical properties of soils. They provide more suitable growing environment for the plants by increasing water retention capacity, ventilation, heating and water permeability of the soil. The substances contained in organic fertilizers prevent the matters such as potassium and nitrogen which can be easily dissolved and washed off in water to be removed by being washed off due to rain waters.

Organic fertilizers, besides providing those advantages, have disadvantages in that they contain low level of food substance, their nitrogen, phosphor and potassium amounts are not constant, they cannot provide the food substances required by plants quickly, they cause growing of weeds thereby require agricultural spraying.

Droppings, hay and other herbal wastes have been used as natural fertilizer for thousands of years. Common use of chemical or animal fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphor without caring and paying attention today constitutes one of the most common reasons of environmental pollution done by human on earth and water.

The stable manure which is natural fertilizer is kept generally on outside after being discharged from the stable until it is used as fertilizer for the plants on seed-time. This leads loss of great portion of nutrients contained in the fertilizer due to rains and gases generated as result of fermentation. For the prevention of nutrient loss, the stable manure should be preserved such that entrance of air into it is prevented. This process brings along additional costs for fertilizer user and becomes disadvantageous.

Chemical fertilizer is produced by unnatural chemical methods to support non-metal inorganic matters which are to be in soil and cultivated in soil, differently from natural fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are present in liquid and solid form, and are preferred in solid and granular forms, as they are generally easy to transport and store.

Chemical fertilizers cause contamination of groundwater, and cause chemically given fertilizers to be quickly washed off from the soil, and loss of soil by erosion. Additionally, chemical fertilizers change pH of soil, increase salt concentration of soil and prevent organisms in soil to work.

Chemical fertilizers generate reaction in soil and said reactions disturb the micro organismal balance. Thereby, it leads reduction of microorganism activities. In soil in which micro organismal life does not exist, conversion of residues of plants and animals into soil cannot be performed. Therefore, the soil continuously becomes poorer and its structure is degenerated. As result of heavy chemical fertilization, plant growth is stopped and reduction on the yield obtained from plants is observed.

As result of heavy use of chemical fertilizers, environmental pollution comes into existence and this causes the degradation of the natural balance. Today, chemical fertilizers are considered to be one of the main reasons of soil and water pollution .

Hence, a novel ecological fertilizer eliminating the above- mentioned disadvantages of using chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer is needed and various studies are carried out in that direction. As result of studies conducted, organomineral fertilizers formed by mixing of organic fertilizers and various chemicals in different proportions are developed.

Organomineral fertilizers are constituted by mixing of organic fertilizers such as stable manure, poultry, bird manure and compost and various chemicals and natural substances in miscellaneous proportions. Organomineral fertilizer called as hybrid fertilizer are obtained by combining soil enhancing property of organic matters and advantages of chemical minerals in one fertilizer. Organomineral fertilizers, can be applied to each type of soils, and can increase the efficiency of soil without damaging the soil and leading to environmental pollution .

Advantages of organomineral fertilizers are as follows:

1- They correct physical properties of soils:

- They increase water retention capacity of sandy soils having light mass retaining insufficient amount of water.

- They enable ventilation of soils by allowing water to move down deeper through clayed soils retaining too much water.

- Humus substance allows the soil to be readily heated since it has dark color (brown) , and ensures that seeds are germinated quickly and root are grew fast.

- They prevent formation of duff layer and allow germinating of seeds.

- They reduce vaporization and water loss in soil by enhancing water and air balance of the soil.

- They prevent soil loss by reducing wind and water erosion.

2- They have an effect upon chemical properties of soil:

- Humic and fulvic acids contained in structure of organomineral fertilizers keep plant nutrition in mineral fertilizers applied to soil useful for the plants and ensure that these substances are easily absorbed by plant roots .

In extreme rains and incorrect irrigations, they prevent plant nutrition to be washed off downwardly from root area of the plants.

- They perform chelating with micro nutrition elements found in useless form in the soil thereby easing their absorption by the plants.

- They increase nutrition retention capacity of the soils.

- They prevent sudden pH change in soil by means of their buffering property. In heavy mass soils which have salinization issues, they help salts to be washed into deeps together with much water by broadening the interspaces of clay mineral packages.

3- They ensure microbiological activity of the soils:

- They ensure that stubble mixed into the soil after harvesting or animal fertilizers added to soil are readily dissolved by soil microorganisms.

- Yields of dissolution comprised of vegetal and animal materials dissolved by microorganisms in soil increase seed germination and root development as well as resistance of plants against some soil diseases.

Patent document No 2016/03721 concerning the production of organomineral fertilizers providing all those advantages discloses that giving mixture of worm dropping, bat guano and leonardite material to the soil increases fertility. However, this patent document do not have a wide usage area due to lack of information stating in what proportions should this mixture be prepared in different type of soil structures, and cannot fulfil identification of "organomineral fertilizer" since all of its contents are organic.

The patent document No WO2013098573A1 is related to phosphorous acid salt in which zeolite is used as substrate and to fertilizer formulation formed of plant nutrition. However, that invention don disclose any information about the structure of zeolite in different soil types.

In terms of preventing economical losses, protection of environment, ensuring the quality and efficiency of yielded products, the need for developing state of the art mineral containing organic fertilizers is arisen and the subject matter fertilizer type is developed by carrying out work in that direction .

Aim of the Invention:

The most essential aim of the invention is to meet organic matter need of the soil and to give/release ions required by plants slowly and in a controlled manner to the plants as much as they need and to prevent the ions causing specifically health problems to be mixed into environment, underground sources by retaining the amounts which are not needed by the plants in the fertilizer/ soil.

Another aim of the invention is to provide the soil with high ion change property thereby ensuring release of necessary minerals into soil in a controlled manner.

A further aim of the invention is to ensure fertilizer saving by spreading organic fertilizer after transforming into organomineral fertilizer.

Another object of the invention is to prevent organic fertilizer spread onto soil without being sufficiently fermented to damage environment and to create smelling, and also to ensure yield increase of products.

A further object of the invention is to achieve organomineral fertilizer which can be applied to different soil types depending on composition of organic fertilizer, and which has a structure that can be used/changed based on property of soil.

Description of the Invention:

Good agriculture practice is defined as production method which do not contain hazardous residues on human health, which is produced without polluting the environment or damaging the natural balance, during production of which welfare of human or other livings are not negatively influenced regarding its production, production of which is performed in conformity with agricultural regulation of the country where the consumers live and with agricultural regulation of the country where the product is grown, wherein all these processes are controlled and certificated by being recorded.

As mentioned above, good agriculture practice is only possible with fertilizer compatible with the soil in production without polluting the environment and damaging the nature. Using fertilizer compatible with the soil is only possible by analyzing the soil. According to obtained soil analyze, efficiency of the soil is increased by supplying the soil with missing minerals and nutrients.

The invention relates to organomineral fertilizer having property of being controlled released, used for controlling the growth of plants in farming and agriculture, formed by blending organic and chemical raw materials according to analyze data obtained as result of analyzing the soil where plants grown in agriculture and farming are grown.

In the present invention, the selection of natural fertilizers used for the production of organomineral fertilizers and the proportions used in the fertilizer content vary depending on the agricultural wastes and/or animal fertilizers of the region where the organomineral fertilizer will be applied. Used organic fertilizers can be stable, poultry, bird manure, compost etc.

By the use of organomineral fertilizers with subject matter controlled releasing properties, the ions required by the plant are given in a slow and controlled manner at the proportion of need of the plant, thus providing the soil with high ion exchange properties besides enriching the soil in terms of organic matter. The amount not needed by the plant retained in the fertilizer/soil and some ion and lead (Pb⁺²) an the like heavy metal ions such as the nitrate ion (NC -) which causes especially health problems are prevented from mixing into groundwater.

The controlled release property of the subject matter organomineral fertilizer is ensured by utilizing the natural and surfactant modified zeolites present in the organomineral fertilizer composition and the ion exchange properties of zeolites .

Zeolites have the highest ion exchange capacity compared to some substances (sand, clay, peat, etc.) used with the soil. By means of this property of the natural zeolite applied in the invention, the loss of nutrients from the soil is prevented and by means of the controlled release of said nutrients into the soil, the most efficient use of organomineral fertilizers are ensured.

In soil and fertilizer works, the retention and usability of changeable ions by soil is based on ion exchange properties. To be an example for the works conducted, the retention and usability of potash (K20) added to soil as fertilizer, depends on the cation change between the clay mineral in the soil or the natural zeolite mineral in the soil and the potash salt. In this invention, the type and amount of organic fertilizers to be spread onto soil is determined according to the analysis data from the soil.

Ideal soil identification is, according to cation distribution, %65 Ca²⁺, + % 10 Mg²⁺ +%5 K⁺ + %20 H⁺· According to this distribution, essential cations in the soil can be sorted as calcium, magnesium, potassium and hydrogen. Significant amount of Na⁺ existence in this soil makes it inconvenient for agriculture.

Natural zeolite minerals used in the invention has a clear negative charge on crystal lattices. While the natural zeolite is negatively charged, zeolites show very poor interest in anionic type pollutants. Na⁺ amount in the soil is decreased as result of exchange of ion of cations (as Na+, Ca2+ , K+) and quaternary amine salts of natural zeolite and the soil is made convenient for agriculture and growth of the plant is supported.

Furthermore, NH₄ ⁺ ions removed by being washed off with rain or irrigation water from various soil types by means of using natural zeolite in the invention are preserved in soil for a long time and supplied for the benefit of plants. Also, NH₄ ⁺ poisoning caused by using extreme fertilizer and burning of plants are prevented.

By means of using natural zeolite in the invention, giving the potassium and ammonium to the soil gradually and in a controlled manner is ensured.

The main properties supplied to the fertilizer by natural zeolite can be specified as follows;

• High ion exchange property

• Irreversible hydration

• Amphoteric effect

• A long fertilizing period

The natural zeolite used in the subject matter controlled release organomineral fertilizer is clinoptilolite type, and the formula of this zeolite is (Na3K3) (Al6Si₄o) O96.24H₂0.

By means of the high ion exchange property of the natural zeolite used in the invention, the effect of solid organomineral fertilizers on the soil is ensured to last long.

The subject matter controlled release organomineral fertilizer can be produced by two different formula. The formulation of controlled release organomineral fertilizers not containing surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) is as follows:

• Natural Zeolite: 60.0%

• Leonardite (Humic Acid + Fulvic Acid) : 5.0%

• NPK (15.15.15 Fertilizer) : 5.0%

• CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer) or DAP (Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizer) or CMN (Calcium Magnesium and Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer) : 4,9%

• Boric Acid: 0.1%

• The controlled release organomineral fertilizer is formed by the addition of organic fertilizer 25% of which is stable manure, 25% of which is poultry manure and 50% of which is agricultural waste.

In another obtaining method of the invention; when the amount of nitrate in the soil is high due to the biodegradation of organic matters in the soil and the use of fertilizers, surfactant modified zeolite which has N0₃ ion adsorption property is used. Depending on factors of environment such as pH and temperature, NO3- ion adsorption capacity of the surfactant modified zeolite is approximately 0.106 mg/g.

The NC>3 ions in the soil can be adsorbed with zeolite positive (+) charged (micelle structure) with hexadecylmethyl ammonium- bromide (HDTMA) which is a surfactant, i.e. with surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) . In addition, the modified zeolites which are organo-zeolite used in the second form of the invention, adsorb more inorganic oxyanions (such as chromate, selenate and sulfate) from aqueous solutions compared to natural zeolites.

The production method of said Surfactant Modified Zeolite (SMZ) consists of the process steps of - Mixing of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium-bromide (HDTMA) solution with natural zeolite in centrifuge,

- Filtering the formed mixture,

- Separation of solid portion,

- Several washing of solid portion with deionized water,

- Drying the solid portion in incubator.

The formulation of controlled release organomineral fertilizers containing surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) is as follows:

• Natural Zeolite: 30.0%

• Surfactant Modified Zeolite (SMZ) : 10.0%

• Leonardite (Humic Acid + Fulvic Acid) : 5.0%

• Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) or NPK (15.15.15 fertilizer) or Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) or Ammonium Nitrate: 5.0%

• Potassium Sulfate: 2.5%

• Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) : 5.0%

• Magnesium Sulfate or Zinc Sulfate: 2.5%

• Borax : (2.5%)

• Triple Super Phosphate (1% Molybdenum doped) : 2.5%

• The controlled release organomineral fertilizer is formed by the addition of organic fertilizer such as stable manure, poultry, bird manure, compost etc. in the proportion of 35%.

In order to produce the subject matter controlled release organomineral fertilizer, sepiolite and montmorillonite type clays may also be used instead of the natural zeolite. By this measure, absorption and controlled release of anions such as PO4³-, S0₄ ²A N0³ is ensured.

The leonardite used in the 1st and 2nd formulas of the invention contains humic acid and fulvic acid, and has effect on the physical, chemical properties of the soil as well as the biological effect on the growth of the plant. The leonardite source humic acids used in the invention have a long lasting effect on the soil on which they are applied and do not enter into competition with nutrients such as nitrogen. Leonardite provides significant contributions to development of the plants in sandy and clayed soils.

The subject matter controlled release organomineral fertilizers may be in several forms and are produced in solid form in the present invention. The solid organomineral fertilizer enriches the soil in terms of organic matter and performs the slow and controlled release of ions required for the plant to the soil without causing environmental pollution.

With the aim of producing organomineral fertilizer, natural and chemical substances in particle sizes close to each other are selected and these substances are mixed in a closed environment at room temperature. The resulting organomineral fertilizer of about 0-200pm size and in powder form is achieved by the combination of organic and mineral constituents. Organomineral fertilizers are turned into pellet or granule form in order to be spread onto the field together with seeds by the manure spreader, are packed finally and made ready for use.

The amount of the solid organomineral fertilizer containing the natural and surfactant modified zeolite and chemical and organic fertilizers spread onto the soil is decreased, the water retention capacity of the soil is increased, the pH of the soil is regulated and it maintains preserving its properties for an average of 4-5 years.

The implementation of organomineral fertilizers prepared by organic regulator is performed by mixing about 5-10 grams of fertilizer with the soil at the level of root per plant seedling.

The organomineral fertilizer obtained by mixing the subject matter organic substances and minerals does not constitute a problem for the environment and ensures a significant amount of fertilizer saving.

Claims

1. The invention is an organomineral fertilizer which is obtained by blending organic fertilizers and chemical substances, and which ensures that organic matter need of soil is met and ions required for plants are given to the plants, characterized in that; in order to provide with controlled release property; as result of analysis of soil where the organomineral fertilizer will be used; when the soil contains nitrate, it has a mixture comprising;

• organic fertilizer comprising at least one of substances of 30% natural zeolite, 10% surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ), 5% leonardite consisting of humic acid and fulvic acid, 5.0% Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) or NPK (15.15.15 fertilizer) or Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) or Ammonium Nitrate, 2.5% Potassium Sulfate, 5.0% Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) , 2.5% Magnesium Sulfate or Zinc Sulfate, 2.5% Borax, 2.5% Triple Molybdenum Triple Super Phosphate, 35% stable, poultry, bird manure, compost etc.

and as result of analysis of the soil; when the soil does not contain nitrate, it has a mixture comprising;

• 60% natural zeolite, 5% leonardite consisting of humic acid and fulvic acid, 5.0% NPK (15.15.15 fertilizer), 4.9% CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer) or DAP (Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizer) or CMN (Calcium

Magnesium and Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer), 0.1% Boric Acid, and 25% organic fertilizer 25% of which is stable manure, 25% of which is poultry manure and 50% of which is agricultural waste.

4 . The controlled release organomineral fertilizer of Claim 1, characterized in that formula of natural zeolite which is clinoptilolite present in its composition is (Na₃K₃ ) (Al₆Si₄o) 0₉₆.24H₂0.

5 . The controlled release organomineral fertilizer of Claim 1, characterized in that sepiolite and montmorillonite clays which ensure absorption of anions such as P0₄ ³ , S0₄ ² , N0₃ can be used instead of natural zeolite present in its composition.

6. The controlled release organomineral fertilizer of Claim 1, characterized in that resulting final product is solid organomineral fertilizer.

7 . The controlled release organomineral fertilizer of Claim 1, characterized in that it is produced in granule, pellet form.