EA026899B1 - Fertilizer and soil improver - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to creation of novel fertilizers and soil improvers having fertilizing, ameliorating and structure-forming effects that can be used in agriculture for improvement of productive capacity of degraded, low-productive soils due to better nutritional, physico-mechanical and water-accumulation properties. The product contains, in a definite proportion, a sulphuric acid production waste generated in filtration cleaning of elementary sulphur raw stock from ash residue, and vermicompost that is the product of utilization of live-stock and food wastes. The product according to the invention features the following properties: high fertilizing, ameliorating, loozening the root zone, improving conditions for running of oxidation-reduction processes, stimulating calcium regime, increasing moisture stock in the soil system.

Description

The invention relates to the creation of new fertilizer-reclamation agents with fertilizer, reclamation and structure-forming actions that can be used in agriculture to increase the fertility of degraded, unproductive soils by improving its nutritional, physical, mechanical and hydroaccumulative properties.

Known compositions of manure of cattle or bird droppings and phosphogypsum (RF patent 2144757, class A01C 21/00, C05P 3/00); phosphogypsum and pyrite cinder (patent 8i 1047947, class C09K 17/02, A01B 79); from manure or bird droppings and heaps of rock; from terricone rock and sulfuric acid (patent 8i 1159938, class C09K 17/02 and C05O 1); from manure or bird droppings and glauconite; from phosphogypsum and low-mineralized clay mud (patent 8i 1288196, CL 09/17); drilling mud containing clay, cuttings, gypsum and crude oil (patent 8i 1331882, class C09K 17/02), fly ash from the CHPP of OAO Irkutskenergo for chemical reclamation of acid soils (Basic Research journal. - 2004. - No. 12. - S. 85-86).

The disadvantage of these traditionally used in agriculture products is poor reclamation and fertilizing efficiency in the first year of application due to the fact that most of the compounds are in difficult to reach form, in addition, untreated manure or bird droppings contain weed seeds, which reduce crop yields and various pathogens.

It is known to use as ameliorants to increase the hydroaccumulative ability of soils of porous materials: expanded clay, pumice slag, furnace slag, TPP ash, which are treated with an aqueous solution of trace elements before entering the subsoil layer. Copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid or boron fertilizer and other salts are used as a source of trace elements (Auth. St. No. 1516025, class A01B 79/02, C09K 17/00, 1989).

The disadvantage is that when they are introduced into degraded and unproductive soils, due to the lack of organic components in their composition, a low fertilizing ability is manifested and, accordingly, the absence of a sharp increase in their fertility and crop yields, in addition, when using furnace slag, the soil is polluted with ecotoxicants, special preparation of ameliorant is required (expanded clay, pumice). A limiting factor in the widespread use of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants (TPPs) in agriculture as a calcium-containing soil reclamant is the possibility of containing heavy metals, toxic and radioactive elements in high concentrations in them.

Known increase in crop yields and soil fertility mixtures: based on chicken manure, bentonite flour and burnt lime (application 08 3317241 Germany, CL C05P 3/00, ISM issue 55, No. 6, 1985), organic and / or mineral fertilizers, zeolite and quartz (RF patent 2259032, АСС 21/00).

The disadvantage is environmental pollution and the presence of pathogenic microflora, as well as the relatively high cost of components.

It is known to use ameliorant from metallurgical slag using additives of manure, peat, bird droppings, lime, superphosphate, urea (Russian patent No. 2195440, С05И 3/04, С05О 3/04; published in BI December 27, 2002).

Fertilizers and ameliorants based on metallurgical slag, along with nutrients, may contain toxic compounds, including carcinogens, heavy metals, radioactive elements, etc. Manure and droppings of livestock complexes and poultry farms have high humidity, contain weed seeds, are infected with helminth eggs and pathogenic microflora.

A number of natural reclamants are known in the art. For example, it is known the use of clinoptilolite in a mixture with peat (ed. St. USSR No. 1240784, MKI S09K 17/00, publ. In BI No. 24, 1986), phlogopite mixed with phosphogypsum (ed. St. USSR No. 1308613, MKI S09K 17/00, published in BI No. 17, 1987), crushed coral limestone (Japanese application No. 56-28950, MKI S09K 17/00, published 07/04/1991), perlite, light rock of volcanic origin to improve heavy soils ( USSR Autonomy No. 1043158, MKI S09K 17/00, published in BI No. 35, 1983; application of Great Britain No. 2206840, MKI S09K 17/00, published January 15, 1989).

The listed ameliorants relate to materials with greater or lesser porosity, which ensures the prolonged release of various mineral additives into the soil, as well as the binding of pollutants present in the soil. But however, the use of natural materials as ameliorants is too expensive, requires additional transportation costs. In addition, acting as a soil builder, they cannot sufficiently increase their fertility and increase crop yields.

The closest analogue (prototype), which allows to increase fertility, improve soil structure and environmental friendliness of crop cultivation, is the well-known invention, which uses natural material - quartz-glauconite sand as a mineral substance - structurant and as a source of organic substances - a mixture of manure and silt sediment.

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However, it is not effective enough, its organic matter content does not exceed 28%, in addition, pathogenic microflora and helminth eggs are preserved in manure and silt sediment, so introducing this mixture into the soil is an environmental hazard.

To eliminate the above drawbacks, the claimed invention is directed.

The technical problem is the basis of the invention - the development of a highly effective, with a wide spectrum of action, product from easily accessible components, which are waste and products of their utilization, possessing in aggregate structure-forming, reclamation and fertilizing actions, which make it possible to increase soil fertility and obtain clean agricultural products with high productivity.

The technical result is soil restoration, soil-forming meliorant fertilizer, the expansion of the range of environmentally friendly non-traditional domestic products based on the reduction of the flows of stored technogenic formations of sulfuric acid production and agricultural waste, environmental protection.

The technical result is achieved by the use of a fertilizer and ameliorating agent, which includes vermicompost (biohumus) and additionally filter waste of sulfuric acid production in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Vermicompost - 30-45 and filter waste - 55-70.

In the scientific, technical and patent literature, technical solutions are not known, similar to the claimed, therefore, this technical solution meets the criterion of novelty.

The studies of the prior art did not reveal the popularity of the proposed fertilizer and reclamation products based on sulfur-perlite-containing filtration waste of sulfuric acid production and vermicompost, which proves the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the criterion of inventive step.

This fertilizer-reclamation agent has a high structure-forming, water-retaining, nourishing and biologically active properties due to increased synergistic interaction of all components in their joint presence.

Vermicompost (or vermicompost), which is produced in solid commercial form on an industrial scale, and available filtration waste of sulfuric acid production, i.e. the proposal meets the criterion of industrial applicability.

The product in solid form retains its physicochemical, biological properties at a wide temperature range, it is not combustible and does not require special conditions of transportation and storage.

Vermicompost is a dry organic, loose-flowing, finely granular mass of almost black with a granule size of 1-3 mm. Vermicompost contains antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes and a large amount of humic substances (up to 37% on dry weight), therefore it has high agrochemical and growth-promoting properties, increases the amount of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and trace elements in the soil, improves its structure, protects it vegetation from weeds and pests throughout the growing season provides a stable high ecologically clean crop with excellent taste. This fertilizer is a long-term action (3-5 years), quickly restores soil fertility and is suitable for any type of soil. In addition, vermicompost has exceptional physical and chemical properties: water resistance of the structure (95-97%) and full moisture capacity (200-250%). This allows us to consider it not only as a fertilizer, but also as an excellent meliorant and soil conditioner. Vermicompost is obtained by a known method of vermicomposting at a temperature of 15-25 ° C using red California worm EEesha (a person in an amount of 250 thousand pieces per 1 m ³ , using agricultural (manure and vegetable waste), household (food) waste and bottom sediments of wastewater treatment, etc.

The average composition of vermicompost is presented in table. one.

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Table 1

The chemical composition of vermicompost (vermicompost)

No. The name of the composition indicators Content% one Dry residue 50-65 2 Humic substances 25-37 3 Humidity 35-40 4 pH 6.5-7.1 5 Total nitrogen 1.0-3.0 6 Phosphorus total (P ₂ O ₅ ) 1.3-2.8 7 Potassium total (K ₂ O) 1.2-2.4 8 Calcium 4.0-6.0 nine Magnesium 0.5-2.3 10 Iron 0.5-2.5 eleven Manganese 60-80 mg / kg 12 Heavy metals below MPC for soils thirteen Pathogenic microflora missing 14 Helminth eggs missing

Filtration waste is low toxic, odorless, consists of the following environmentally friendly components - sulfur and perlite, gypsum, slaked lime, which do not cause a health hazard for biota, including humans.

Perlite is a highly porous mineral of natural origin. It is widely used as an ameliorant and substrate in agricultural practice to improve the physicochemical properties of soils, i.e. It allows you to create aeration properties in the soil, increases the cation exchange capacity, in its presence the earth does not cake, a crust does not form on its surface, it remains loose, also has a large moisture capacity, absorbing excess water from the soil, then gradually gives it away. It has a chemical inertness, is not exposed to microorganisms, insects and rodents, on the contrary, as an insecticide causes the death of pests. Perlite is a variety of natural silicate rocks, it is absolutely safe for humans, does not cause allergic reactions and skin irritation. Perlite contains silicon oxide (74.0-75.1%), aluminum oxide (7.8-8.3%), gypsum and lime (in terms of calcium oxide 3.7-4.0%), iron oxide (0.7%). Plaster and lime are well-known reclamants.

Sulfur regulates redox processes in soils, is used as an ameliorant and as a fertilizer, it is a necessary microelement for plants, it is a part of proteins, enzymes, amino acids, and it increases plant productivity. Sulfur introduced into the soil, under the influence of sulfur bacteria, is oxidized to sulfuric acid. The content of elemental sulfur in combination with its compounds (thiosulfate, sulfate, polysulfide) in the filter cake is 10-20%.

Vermicompost and filter waste are added in the state of their initial process humidity.

The ability to obtain and use the claimed fertilizer is confirmed by field experiments.

The component of the fertilizer and meliorating agent is the filter waste of sulfuric acid production and vermicompost are mixed in the ratio (55-70) :( 30-45) by weight. Rational is the uniform distribution with the help of trailed body spreaders of a complex fertilizer and reclamation agent over the field surface. After spreading, an immediate cultivation of this product into the soil is carried out by the cultivator. Typically, a fertilizer and ameliorating agent is scented at 18-25 cm, its application rates are calculated for the planned crop yield and adjusted depending on soil fertility. The optimal dose of this product in sierozem soil when growing potatoes is 20-40 t / ha, in chernozem soil - 15-30 t / ha. The increase in potato harvest with the use of a fertilizer and ameliorating agent averages 45-50% and 5055%, respectively. The quality indicators of yield products are also improving, and the synthesis of valuable nutrients: sugar, starch, and ascorbic acid is intensifying. The products are environmentally friendly in respect to the content of nitrates, chlorine compounds and other harmful substances.

In the table. 2 presents the composition of the proposed fertilizer-ameliorating agent.

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table 2

Optimal and boundary content of components in fertilizer-reclamation agent, wt.%

Component content in samples Components Filtration waste Vermicompost Minimum (sample 1) 55.0 45.0 Optimum (sample 2) 62.5 37.5 Maximum (Sample 3) 70.0 30,0

Field tests were conducted at the experimental site of the botanical garden MKTU im. HA. Yasavi. The results are presented in table. 3.

Table 3

Harvest and seed quality of Shortandinsky potato cultivated in gray soil

Experience Options Uro jay nost card felya t / ha Increase the harvest Fractional composition of the crop, t / ha t / ha % product- ny seed Noah not product- ny The control (without fertilizer) 20.9 12.6 6.8 1,5 Vermicompost 4 t / ha 26.5 5,6 26.8 14.5 10.8 1,2 Vermicompost 8 t / ha 32,0 11.1 53.1 16.5 14.7 0.8 Filtrational waste (FD), 15 t / ha 27.6 6.7 32,0 15.7 10.8 1,1 Manure, 20 t / ha 30.1 9.2 44.0 14,4 14.3 1.4 A mixture of FD and Vermi compost, 20 t / ha 38.5 17.6 84.2 26.8 P, 4 0.3 Prototype 35,2 14.3 68,4 17,2 17.1 0.9

CLAIM

Claims (1)

CLAIM Fertilizer-meliorative agent, including vermicompost (biohumus), characterized in that in order to increase the fertility of degraded, unproductive soils and crop yields, it additionally contains filtration waste of sulfuric acid production, consisting of pearlite with a weight amount of 74.0-75.1 % silica, 7.8-8.3% alumina, 3.7-4.0% mixture of gypsum with lime in terms of calcium oxide, 0.7% iron oxide and 10-20% elemental sulfur together with thiosulfate , sulfate, polysulfide at the next I eat the ratio of components, wt.%: vermicompost - 30-45; filtration waste - 55-70.