RU2534589C1 - Aerodynamic vertical activator with vortex upflow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grinding and mechanical activation and can be used in production of construction materials. Proposed activator comprises vertical grinding chamber (1). The latter is composed of hollow cylinders with rotary shaft (5) fitted in cylinder covers (3, 4). At least two working discs are fitted on said shaft. Rods (7) are arranged in mixing chamber wall. Beaters (8) are secured radially at every surface of working disc and extend beyond its edges. Rods are located between beaters at running of said discs with beaters. Lower ring (15) is fitted on shaft at chamber bottom part. Lower cover holes (16) are used to feed air for creation of overpressure.

EFFECT: more efficient activation and grinding.

12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of grinding and mechanical activation of materials and can be used in the production of building materials - binders, as well as in other areas of the economy that require the use of fine materials.

Known vertical hammer mill (patent for utility model RU 102540, published 02/10/2011), containing a housing with a lined inner surface, which houses a vertical rotor in the form of a truncated cone with hammers fixed on its shaft along a helical line. The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient degree of grinding material.

A device for grinding powders is known (patent RU 2039606, published July 20, 1995), comprising a vertical cylindrical body with an inlet on the upper end wall and an outlet on the lower end wall, an agitator, on the shaft of which there are blades, and grinding balls. The disadvantage of this device is its complexity in production, as well as low productivity.

A device for grinding materials is known (patent for the invention EP 2415526, published 02.02.2012), containing a vertical chamber, a loading hopper, a disk with holes located on the shaft, grinding elements. The disadvantage of this device is the low grinding efficiency.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for activating bulk materials (patent RU 2328345, published December 27, 2007), comprising a vertical grinding chamber made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, while the shaft is fixed on at least two disks. The disadvantage of this device is the low degree of activation of the material.

Another common drawback of these devices is the inability to obtain a homogeneous finely dispersed mass of the final material without the use of an additional separation step due to the large dispersion in particle size of the resulting material. In particular, the size of the resulting particles can vary from 5 to 100 or more microns, that is, it is impossible to obtain particles with a given size in a narrow range.

Object of the invention: obtaining a homogeneous finely dispersed highly active mass of granular material as applied to building materials - binders, with a particle size in a narrow range.

The technical result consists in increasing the degree of activation of the material, including a higher degree of particle disintegration at high productivity, with the possibility of obtaining a uniform material particle size, for example, up to 10 microns.

The problem is solved using a device for activating bulk materials in a high-speed ascending whirlwind air flow (hereinafter - “aerodynamic activator”).

The aerodynamic activator consists of a vertical grinding chamber (hereinafter referred to as the rotor) made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, with at least two working disks, two blade fans and a lower ring mounted on the shaft at the bottom of the vertical camera.

According to the invention, the device further comprises rods installed in the stator wall and a blade radially mounted on the end surface of the working disks and protruding beyond the edges of the disk, the rods being installed so that when the rotor disks rotate with the beaters, the stator rods are located between the bits fixed to rotor disks.

The saw is located on the disks one below the other and each of them contains coaxial holes through which the processed material can move vertically.

The end surface of the working and lower disks is made with an annular recess through which horizontal movement of particles of the processed material can take place.

The stator rods are made adjustable by the depth of entry into the grinding chamber and have a curved reflective surface.

The rotor contains at least two rings with paddle fans, which are located under the corresponding working disks, and a lower ring, also made with a paddle fan.

The activator has a loading hopper and an outlet made in the upper cover of the vertical grinding chamber, while the loading hopper is made with a shutter (loading valve, spring-loaded shutter, check valve), and at least three air holes are made in the lower cover of the vertical grinding chamber to create excess pressure in a vertical chamber.

The activator is mounted on a bed, and the rotor of the activator by means of a drive mechanism is connected to an engine, which is also mounted on the said bed.

Activation is achieved by grinding bulk materials. Grinding is carried out by accelerating particles to high speeds (the linear velocity of the particles near the inner wall of the stator is from 100 to 150 m / s, for comparison with existing analogues, the linear velocity of the particles is less than 100 m / s) and their impact on the stator rods or rotating beater of the rotor, and also the collision of particles with each other after reflection from the rods and beat. Moreover, the main element of grinding is precisely the collision of particles with each other, while in a small mass of crushed material, the number of such collisions can reach several thousand.

In a collision of particles occurs:

a) Surface activation. The destruction of particles by knocking out small particles from each other upon their collision, which ultimately leads to the formation of particles in the form of "hedgehogs". Unlike particles obtained in standard crushers (hammer, ball), which have a licked flat or rice-shaped elliptical shape. The specific particle area increases in this case by 2.5-3 times.

b) Chemical activation. There is a destruction of the crystal lattice of the crushed material and the breaking of intermolecular bonds and the formation of free covalent bonds, in connection with which the chemical activity of the material sharply increases.

c) Electrical activation. In numerous collisions, induced electrification occurs.

Grinding and activation of bulk materials is carried out at high speeds of particles from 100 to 150 m / s, while the activator has the ability to control the speed of dispersal of particles within the specified limits and, therefore, change the degree of activation of the processed material, including grinding particles to sizes less than 5 microns .

Figure 1 shows the activator in section according to the present invention, where 1 is a vertical chamber; 2 - drive pulley; 3 - the top cover of the grinding chamber; 4 - the bottom cover of the grinding chamber; 5 - shaft; 6 - working disks; 7 - rods; 8 - beat; 9 - holes in beaters; 10 - loading hopper; 11 - a ring with a blade fan; 12 - an annular recess in the end surface of the disks; 13 - bearings; 14 - outlet, 15 - lower ring with a fan blade, 16 - hole in the bottom cover; 17 - shutter.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the installation, where 18 is the bed; 19 - drive mechanism; 20 - engine.

The activator of the present invention contains a vertical grinding chamber (1) made in the form of a hollow cylinder and closed with lids (3, 4). A shaft (5) is mounted in the covers (3, 4) with the possibility of rotation by means of bearings (13). At least two working disks (6) are fixed on the shaft (5), each of which contains a blade (8), radially mounted on each surface of the working disk (6) and protruding beyond the edges of this disk (6). Also, in the lower part of the vertical grinding chamber (1), a lower ring (15) is installed, made with paddle fans, and at least three holes (16) are made in the lower chamber cover through which compressed air is supplied to the vertical chamber (1).

In this case, the beat (8) is located one below the other and each of them contains at least one hole (9), which can be made on one axis. The end surface of each disk (6) can be made with an annular recess (12).

The activator also contains rods (7) installed in the wall of the vertical grinding chamber (1), while the rods (7) are installed in such a way that when said disks (6) with beats (8) rotate, said rods (7) are located between the beats ( 8) mounted on disks (6). The rods (7) perform adjustable depth of entry into the vertical chamber (1) grinding to control the size of the resulting particles.

The activator is mounted on a bed (18) together with the engine (20), from which torque is transmitted to the shaft (5) by means of a drive mechanism (19).

The outlet (14) and the loading hopper (10) are made in the upper cover (3) of the vertical grinding chamber (1). The loading hopper (10) also contains a shutter (17) (loading valve, spring-loaded shutter or non-return valve), which controls the supply of raw material to the vertical chamber (1). The shutter (17) can be made in the form of any device that regulates the supply of source material, for example, in the form of a spring-loaded damper or check valve.

The activator contains at least one ring (11), which is located under each disk (6). Each ring (11) is made in the form of a wheel with inclined blades, where the part of the wheel located under the protruding parts of the beat (8) is solid.

The device operates as follows. Bulk material with a fineness of grinding no more than 5 mm is poured into the vertical grinding chamber (1). After turning on the drive (engine (20)), which is connected to the shaft (5) through the drive mechanism (19) (belts), the shaft (5) begins to rotate in the bearings (13) installed in the covers (3, 4) of the vertical chamber ( 1) grinding, and, accordingly, the torque from the engine (20) is transmitted to the disks (6) with beats (8). As a result, particles of granular material, when interacting with bills (8) and rods, are scattered into smaller ones, which are discarded by centrifugal force to the inner wall of the vertical chamber, where they reach the maximum linear speed.

Hitting the rods (7) having a curved reflecting surface, the particles fly apart in different directions and fall into the upward swirling air flow created by the paddle fans (11, 15), moving randomly in which they make thousands of collisions between themselves and with the activator's working bodies.

Particles upon impact on the lower surface of the activator's working bodies are reflected downward and gradually move to the lower levels of the activator and, under the influence of gravity, settle on the lower cover (3) of the vertical grinding chamber (1), where under the action of the upward flow from the lower ring (15) and fed through air inlets (16) are returned to the grinding grinding zone.

When the particles reach the size at which they rise under the action of the upward flow from the lower ring (15) and the upward flow of air from the holes (16) above the grinding grinding zone, they are thrown out through the outlet (14) made in the top cover (3) of the vertical chambers (1) grinding. The creation of excess pressure and upward flow through the inlet openings (15) allows you to adjust the size of the resulting particles by maintaining them in the grinding zone of the source material until the particles are crushed to such a size as to be raised by the upward flow and carried out through the outlet (fourteen). This allows you to get particles with a very narrow range in particle size, for example from 5 to 10 microns.

As a result of such aerodynamic activation, the surface, chemical and electrical activity of the material significantly increases.

Chemical waste (phosphogypsum), crushed and thus activated, meets the requirements of GOST 125-79 for gypsum grade G4. With an increase in the degree of activation by 1.5 times, to G9.

Claims (12)

1. The vertical aerodynamic activator with an upward vortex flow, comprising a vertical grinding chamber made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, at least two working disks are mounted on the shaft, characterized in that it further comprises rods, mounted in the wall of the vertical grinding chamber, the beater, radially mounted on each surface of the working disk and protruding beyond the edges of the disk, while the rods are installed so that when rotating and said disks with beaters, the rods are located between the beats mounted on the disks, further comprises a lower ring mounted in the lower part of the chamber on a rotating shaft, and openings in the lower cover of the vertical grinding chamber for supplying air to create excess pressure. 2. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the beater is located one below the other and each of them contains at least one hole. 3. The activator according to claim 2, characterized in that the holes in the bills are located on the same axis. 4. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surface of the working disk and the lower disk is made with an annular recess. 5. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least two rings with paddle fans, each of which is located under the corresponding working disk. 6. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower ring is made with paddle fans. 7. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are made adjustable by the depth of entry into the vertical grinding chamber. 8. The activator according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the rods have a curved reflective surface. 9. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a loading hopper and an outlet made in the top cover of the vertical grinding chamber. 10. The activator according to claim 9, characterized in that the hopper is also equipped with a shutter. 11. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least three holes in the bottom cover of the vertical grinding chamber. 12. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted on a bed, and said shaft is connected via a drive mechanism to an engine, which is also mounted on said bed.

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