RU2512554C1 - Aerodynamic vertical activator of gravitation type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: aerodynamic vertical activator of gravitation type comprises a vertical grinding chamber. The chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in covers of which there is a shaft installed as capable of rotation. At least two working discs are fixed on the shaft. On each surface of the working disc there are dashers installed as protruding beyond its edges. In the wall of the grinding chamber there are rods installed so that during rotation of discs with dashers the rods are arranged between dashers. Grinding and activation of loose materials is carried out with speeds of particle movement from 100 to 150 m/s.

EFFECT: increased extent of material activation, increased extent of particle disintegration at high efficiency, an activator may adjust speed of particles acceleration within specified limits.

11 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of grinding and mechanical activation of materials and can be used in the production of building materials - binders, as well as in other areas of the economy that require the use of fine materials.

Known vertical hammer mill (patent for utility model RU 102540, published 02/10/2011), containing a housing with a lined inner surface, which houses a vertical rotor in the form of a truncated cone with hammers fixed on its shaft along a helical line. The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient degree of grinding material.

A device for grinding powders is known (patent RU 2039606, published July 20, 1995), comprising a vertical cylindrical body with an inlet on the upper end wall and an outlet on the lower end wall, an agitator, on the shaft of which there are blades, and grinding balls. The disadvantage of this device is its complexity in production, as well as low productivity.

A device for grinding materials is known (patent for invention EP 2415526, published 02.02.2012), containing a vertical chamber, a loading hopper, a disk with holes located on the shaft, grinding elements. The disadvantage of this device is the low grinding efficiency.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for activating bulk materials (patent RU 2328345, published December 27, 2007), comprising a vertical grinding chamber made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, while the shaft is fixed on at least two disks. The disadvantage of this device is the low degree of activation of the material.

Object of the invention: obtaining a homogeneous finely dispersed highly active mass of granular material, in relation to building materials - binders.

The technical result consists in increasing the degree of activation of the material, including a higher degree of particle disintegration at high performance.

The problem is solved using a device for activating bulk materials in a high-speed ascending whirlwind air flow (hereinafter - “aerodynamic activator”).

The aerodynamic activator consists of a vertical grinding chamber made in the form of a hollow cylinder (hereinafter referred to as the “stator"), in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, at least two working disks, two blade fans and a vertical fan are mounted on the shaft paddle ejector (hereinafter - the "rotor").

According to the invention, the device further comprises rods installed in the stator wall and a blade radially mounted on the end surface of the working disks and protruding beyond the edges of the disk, the rods being installed so that when the rotor disks rotate with the beaters, the stator rods are located between the bits fixed to rotor disks.

The saw is located on the disks one below the other and each of them contains coaxial holes through which the processed material can move vertically.

The end surface of the working disks is made with an annular recess through which horizontal movement of particles of the processed material can be carried out.

The stator rods are made adjustable by the depth of entry into the grinding chamber and have a curved reflective surface.

The rotor contains at least two rings with paddle fans, which are located under the respective working disks.

The aerodynamic activator has a loading hopper made in the top cover of the stator.

The outlet for the finished product is made in the lower part of the stator cylinder.

The activator is mounted on a bed, and the rotor of the activator, by means of a drive mechanism, is connected to an engine, which is also mounted on the said bed.

Activation is achieved by grinding bulk materials. Grinding is carried out by accelerating particles to high speeds (the linear velocity of the particles near the inner wall of the stator is from 100 to 150 m / s, for comparison with existing analogues, the linear velocity of the particles is less than 100 m / s) and their impact on the stator rods or rotating beater of the rotor , as well as the collision of particles with each other after reflection from the rods and beat. Moreover, the main element of grinding is precisely the collision of particles with each other, while in a small mass of crushed material, the number of such collisions can reach several thousand.

In a collision of particles occurs:

a) Surface activation. The destruction of particles by knocking out small particles from each other upon their collision, which ultimately leads to the formation of particles in the form of “hedgehogs”. Unlike particles obtained in standard crushers (hammer, ball), which have a licked flat or rice-shaped elliptical shape. The specific particle area increases in this case by 2.5-3 times.

b) Chemical activation. There is a destruction of the crystal lattice of the crushed material and the breaking of intermolecular bonds and the formation of free covalent bonds, in connection with which the chemical activity of the material sharply increases.

c) Electrical activation. In numerous collisions, induced electrification occurs.

Grinding and activation of bulk materials is carried out at high speeds of particles from 100 to 150 m / s, while the activator has the ability to control the speed of dispersal of particles within the specified limits and, therefore, change the degree of activation of the processed material, including grinding particles to sizes less than 5 microns .

Figure 1 shows the activator in section according to the present invention, where 1 is a vertical chamber; 2 - drive pulley; 3 - upper and lower covers of the grinding chamber; 4 - shaft; 5 - working disks; 6 - rods; 7 - beat; 8 - holes in beaters; 9 - loading hopper; 10 - an annular recess in the end surface of the disks; 11 - a ring with a blade fan; 12 - bearings; 13 - vertical-blade ejector.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the installation, where 14 is the bed; 15 - drive mechanism; 16 - engine; 17 - outlet.

The activator of the present invention contains a vertical grinding chamber (1) made in the form of a hollow cylinder and closed with covers (3). A shaft (4) is mounted in the covers (3) with the possibility of rotation by means of bearings (12). At least two working disks (5) are fixed on the shaft (4), each of which contains a blade (7), radially mounted on each surface of the working disk (5) and protruding beyond the edges of this disk (5). In this case, the beat (7) are located one below the other and each of them contains at least one hole (12), which can be made on one axis. The end surface of each disk (5) can be made with an annular recess (10).

The activator also contains rods (6) installed in the wall of the vertical grinding chamber (1), while the rods (6) are installed in such a way that when said disks (5) with beats (7) rotate, said rods (6) are located between the beats ( 7) mounted on disks (5). The rods (6) are adjustable in depth to enter the vertical chamber (1) grinding to control the size of the resulting particles.

The activator is mounted on a bed (14) together with the engine (16), from which torque is transmitted to the shaft (4) by means of a drive mechanism (15).

The outlet (17) is made in the lower cover (3) of the vertical grinding chamber (1), and the loading hopper (9) in the upper cover of the vertical grinding chamber (1).

The activator contains at least one ring (11), which is located under each disk (5). Each ring (11) is made in the form of a wheel with inclined blades, where the part of the wheel located under the protruding parts of the beat (7) is solid.

The device operates as follows. Bulk material with a fineness of grinding no more than 5 mm is poured into the vertical grinding chamber (1). After turning on the drive (engine (16)), which is connected to the shaft (4) through the drive mechanism (15) (belts), the shaft (5) begins to rotate in the bearings (12) installed in the covers (3) of the vertical chamber (1) ) grinding, and, accordingly, the torque from the engine (16) is transmitted to the disks (5) with beats (6). As a result, particles of granular material, when interacting with the rotor bars (7) and the stator rods, are scattered into smaller ones, which are discarded by centrifugal force to the inner wall of the vertical chamber, where they reach maximum linear speed.

Hitting the stator rods (6) having a curved reflective surface, the particles fly apart in different directions and fall into the upward swirling air flow created by the paddle fans (11), moving randomly in which they make thousands of collisions between themselves and with the activator's working bodies.

Particles upon impact on the lower surface of the working bodies of the activator are reflected down and gradually move to the lower levels of the activator and, under the influence of gravity, settle on the lower cover (3) of the vertical grinding chamber (1), where they are thrown out through the outlet (17) with a vertical-blade ejector (13) ) made in the lower part of the vertical chamber (1) grinding.

As a result of aerodynamic activation, the surface, chemical and electrical activity of the material increases significantly.

For example, the chemical production waste (phosphogypsum) shredded and thus activated complies with the requirements of GOST 125-79 for gypsum grade G4. With an increase in the degree of activation by 1.5 times to G9.

Claims (11)

1. The activator is an aerodynamic vertical gravity type containing a vertical grinding chamber, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the covers of which a shaft is mounted for rotation, at least two working disks are mounted on the shaft, characterized in that it further comprises rods installed in the wall of the vertical grinding chamber, beat, radially mounted on each surface of the working disk and protruding beyond the edges of the disk, while the rods are installed in such a way that when rotation is mentioned ies discs beaters rods arranged between beaters, fixed on the discs. 2. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the beater is located one below the other and each of which contains at least one hole. 3. The activator according to claim 2, characterized in that the holes in the bills are located on the same axis. 4. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surface of the working disk is made with an annular recess. 5. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least two rings with paddle fans, each of which is located under the corresponding working disk. 6. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are made adjustable by the depth of entry into the vertical grinding chamber. 7. The activator according to claims 1 or 6, characterized in that the rods have a curved reflective surface. 8. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a loading hopper made in the upper cover of the vertical grinding chamber. 9. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it further has a vertically paddle ejector installed in the lower part of the rotating shaft. 10. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an outlet made in the lower part of the vertical grinding chamber. 11. The activator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted on a bed, and said shaft is connected via a drive mechanism to an engine, which is also mounted on said bed.

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