RU2521324C1 - Method for correction of morphofunctional status of sportsmen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: food ration is added with multi-component natural concentrated food products (NCFP) with high concentrations of biologically active substances (BAS) of herbal (HNCFP) and (or) protein-herbal (PHNCFP) raw material, for the purpose of nutritional support of sportsmen doing various sports, their individual physiological requirements; that results in recovering a set of characteristics of physiological functions and qualities determining a degree of activity of morphofunctional body systems, activities of daily living and professional performance, with providing preventing donozological and pathological conditions, achieving high sport scores. The above food products can be presented by NCFP Antitox and NCFP SportAtiv-2.

EFFECT: invention provides easier exercise tolerance and recovery thereafter, improving health in sportsmen.

5 cl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to medicine, food hygiene, and in particular to a method for correcting the morphofunctional state of athletes by including in their diet natural concentrated foods (NKPP) with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) and thereby replenish the physiological needs of the body in nutrients to achieve high sports results, maintaining professional performance, prevention of prenosological and pathological conditions.

State of the art

Achieving high results in sports depends mainly on the genetic characteristics of the athlete, as well as the morphological, physiological, psychological and metabolic characteristics of the body, necessary to ensure high performance during intense training and competition in a particular sport. Genetically gifted athletes must exercise optimally in order to increase physical strength, psychological readiness and gain a technical advantage. In this connection, many athletes and their coaches use different strategies, take measures to improve the organization and increase the effectiveness of the training process, which they believe are effective, safe, providing optimal physical performance to achieve the necessary results in sports and permitted by law [ 5].

To date, there are ways to correct the morphological or functional state of athletes (with an emphasis on regulating the psycho-emotional characteristics and (or) the effectiveness of muscle performance) using physiotherapeutic methods and means (balneological procedures, exposure to light of a different spectrum and sound of different pulse frequencies, etc. ), psychotherapeutic and hypnotic, pharmacological effects.

A special place in achieving the desired results is given to the use by athletes of various nutritional strategies, including the use of food additives (sports supplements), specialized foods (SPPS) with a given nutritional and energy value, which ideally should take into account the sport (including phases of sports activity) and individual athlete features, or should be presented in such an assortment that allows you to calculate the optimal combination of nutrients that satisfies the first two tr fucking [4, 18].

As examples, we present some well-known methods of influencing the body of athletes in order to correct their psychosomatic, morphofunctional state and subsequent increase in working capacity, which can be considered as analogues of the present invention [7-12]:

- “A way to increase the physical performance of highly qualified athletes” (RU 2016564 C1, 07.30.1994). The invention relates to medicine, physiotherapy, sports medicine to improve physical rehabilitation in highly qualified athletes. Its essence is that athletes after the first training session and 2 hours before the next conduct turpentine baths from a yellow solution with a concentration of 45 to 65 ml per 200 l of water with a temperature of 38 to 41 ° C, the duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes, course of 6-8 procedures. The invention is intended to accelerate the recovery of athletes with an improvement in their psychological state.

This method has the following disadvantages: firstly, the classical method of prescribing and conducting turpentine baths provides for a number of strict contraindications, limitations and conditions (including individual intolerance; strict individual approach (Zalmanov A.S., Kaminsky V.B.

the founders of the method of applying turpentine baths; Internet resource - http://www.domkurorta.ru/skipidar.html) in compliance with the phasing, time and temperature parameters of the procedure; continuous monitoring of the patient's condition and conditions for termination of the procedure), which are not specified in the method; secondly, initially in the method the upper levels of yellow solution concentration, water temperature and duration of the procedure are accepted for use, which can cause, in the absence of strict medical control, a general condition deterioration, complications even in a healthy athlete's body; thirdly, the total duration of the procedure is 2-3 hours, taking into account the required rest time (at least 1-2 hours, based on the patient’s condition) after taking a bath, which is extremely problematic according to the conditions of the method - “... 2 hours before the next training session, baths are held ... ”, the more so the performance of significant physical exertion immediately after the procedure [3], which is also not specified in the method; fourthly, the purpose of the impact is the correction of only one functional parameter (recovery of athletes);

- “A method of correcting the autonomic balance of the body of athletes” (RU 2373935 C1, 11.27.2009). The invention relates to medicine, namely to physiotherapy and sports medicine. Record heart rhythm variability (HRV) at rest and calculate: LF / HF ratio, subcortical nerve center index (PAPC), stress index (IN), autonomic equilibrium index (IVR), vegetative rhythm index (VLR), and the adequacy of regulation processes ( PAPR). Then repeat the study after presenting a mental stress test and in the presence of a parasympathetic type of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, when LF / HF is less than 0.5; and / or ID is less than or equal to 50; and / or an IVR less than or equal to 35; and / or VIR less than or equal to 3.5; and / or VLF greater than 150 points and / or a decrease in PAPR after a mental stress test effect the eyes with a red or orange light. If there is a state of autonomic equilibrium or a sympathetic type of regulation of the autonomic nervous system at rest, when LF / HF is greater than 0.5 and / or IN is greater than 50, and / or IVR is greater than 35 and / or VLF is greater than 3.5 and / or VLF is less than 150 points, and / or an increase in PAPR after a mental stress test affects the eyes with green or blue light. Sessions of exposure to color are carried out daily from the APEK apparatus, with a light pulse repetition rate of 9.2 + 0.2 Hz, lasting 5-6 s, alternately for each eye for 8 minutes in the first half of the day after morning training, per course 10 procedures daily. The method expands the arsenal of means for correcting the vegetative balance of the body of athletes.

This method has the following disadvantages: firstly, the method is monofunctional, the purpose of which is to correct only one parameter - the vegetative balance of the body of athletes; secondly, technically difficult to implement, long in time, materially expensive, requires fairly complex mathematical calculations to determine various indices and indicators;

- “A way to improve the psycho-emotional state of the body of athletes” (RU 2469730 C2, 12.20.2012). The invention relates to the field of sports medicine, in particular to the field of sports pharmacology. The method includes a psychotherapeutic effect. Additionally, the drug Cortexin is used, which is administered intranasally in two stages. During the first stage, cortexin is administered for 10 days at a dose of 0.5-2 mg 30-40 minutes before the start of the training process. During the second stage, cortexin is also administered for 10 days at a dose of 0.25-1 mg 1.5-2 hours after the completion of the training process. The method, according to the authors, allows us to optimize the psycho-emotional state of athletes and achieve high results during the training and competitive process.

This method has the following disadvantages: firstly, as discussed above, it is monofunctional in its effect, the purpose of which is to correct only one parameter - to achieve the optimal psychoemotional state of the body of athletes; secondly, in addition to the basic psychotherapeutic effect on the body of athletes, the method also uses a pharmacological drug through the neuropeptide drug cortexin (affects the nerve cells of the brain), which, as a drug, has not only indications for use, but also contraindications ( in particular, individual intolerance to the drug) and at least restrictions or, not always initially established during the development and production of the medicinal product, side Procedure. In the description of cortexin, allergic reactions are indicated as a side effect (Internet resource: webapteka.ru, womenhealthnet.ru, risnet.ru), dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription;

- “The way to use biologically active food additives in the diet of athletes” (RU 2156086 C1, 09/20/2000). The invention relates to the field of food industry. In the process of peak loads, a drug containing adaptogens, detoxicant, multivitamins, micro and macro elements is introduced into the diet of athletes in the amount of 4-5 mg per 1 kg of athlete’s mass. Jerusalem artichoke syrup is used as an adaptogen. As detoxicants, saccharomycete yeast shells having an electrokinetic potential of 15 to 75 mV are used. Moreover, the preparation contains Jerusalem artichoke syrup in an amount from 28.5 to 32.5 wt.%, And yeast shells - in an amount from 32.4 to 47.2 wt.%. And as a source of multivitamins, as well as micro and macro elements, vegetables and fruits are used in powder form. It has the ability to overcome the state of immunodeficiency in athletes during peak loads on his body.

This method has the following disadvantages: firstly, like all the previous ones, it is monofunctional in its effect, the purpose of which is to correct only one parameter - the state of immunodeficiency in athletes; secondly, the method involves the use of supplements as additional nutrition for athletes without taking into account the physiological needs and characteristics of their body and only in a limited area of the training process (during peak loads);

- “The product“ sportamine ”for nutrition of athletes” (RU 2306720 C1, 09.27.2007). The purpose and content of this method is to provide the body with easily and quickly utilized protein substrates (amino acids - energy donors) that increase muscle performance by accelerating the restoration of the energy potential of protein cells after increased physical activity, using an amino acid-based product with the addition of a complex of plant-based food fibers. Designed for use as additional nutrition for athletes.

This method has the following disadvantages:

in its effect, it is monofunctional, the purpose of which is the correction of one parameter - increasing the muscular performance of athletes through replenishment and (or) maintenance, with increased physical exertion, of the energy demand of muscles;

based on the composition of the ingredients and the leading destination parameter, the protein product is used in the method to correct the state of the athlete’s body, the proteins of which are not completely digested in the form of fragments of their chains — polypeptides, can cause allergic reactions [13] (long-term use, individual characteristics of the body);

the method involves the use of the product as additional nutrition for athletes;

the composition of the product adopted in the method is formed mainly due to the synthetic protein complex with the addition of vegetable dietary fiber (including flavoring additives), which are always simple chemicals;

in the product formulation there is no vitamin-mineral complex and minor components that significantly affect the metabolic processes of the body, which also significantly reduces its functionality;

- “Specialized protein product for nutrition of athletes” (RU 2375923 C2, 12.20.2009). The purpose and content of this method is to provide the body with protein substrates and other components (vegetable dietary fiber, vitamin and mineral premixes - to normalize the state of protein metabolism and increase the nutritional value of the product, flavoring and aromatic additives), contributing to the activation of muscle gain and the recovery process after physical activity, reducing the period of adaptation to physical activity and environmental conditions, maintaining immunity and reducing body fat, increase explosive muscle strength and endurance, increase mental stability and performance of athletes. Designed for use as additional nutrition for athletes.

This method of correcting the condition of athletes through the use of a sports nutrition product has several disadvantages:

the leading goal of the method in the end is to increase the health of athletes based on the normalization of the state of protein metabolism only. Possible changes in other conditions of the body (gaining muscle mass, adapting to physical activity, maintaining immunity, increasing the explosive strength of muscles, etc.) are considered in the method as intermediate phases in achieving the leading goal and are not aimed at fulfilling many other important physiological needs, warning prenosological and pathological conditions;

as in the previous method, based on the composition of the ingredients and the leading destination parameter, a protein product is used to correct the condition of the athlete’s body, the proteins of which are not completely digested in the form of fragments of their chains - polypeptides, can cause allergic reactions [13];

the method involves the use of the product only as additional nutrition for athletes;

the composition of the product adopted in the method is formed mainly due to synthetic protein and vitamin-mineral complexes (including flavoring additives), which are always simple chemicals; in addition, according to some authors, synthetic vitamins can cause toxic reactions [19].

The fundamental difference of the present invention from analogues is that by including in the diet of athletes multicomponent NKPP with a high content of biologically active substances from vegetable (NKPRS) and (or) protein-vegetable raw materials (NKPBS), the combination of characteristics of the morphological state and physiological functions that determine the level of activity of the morphofunctional systems of the body, the features of life and the state of professional performance, providing warnings related prenosological and pathological conditions, and thereby achieve high athletic performance athletes in different sports.

The closest analogue of the present invention to the goal, principles and means of achieving it is "Specialized protein product for nutrition of athletes" (RU 2375923 C2, 12.20.2009), which is taken as a prototype (discussed above).

Disclosure of invention

A promising direction for effectively solving the problems of correcting the morphofunctional state of the body of athletes (mainly catalytic needs) is to optimize their nutrition by including in the diet products with a high content of biologically active substances of natural origin from plant (s) or plant-protein raw materials, primarily vitamins, minerals and animal protein.

The role of vitamins in sports nutrition is described in sufficient detail in the scientific literature. It is known that a lack of vitamins disrupts the metabolism. The specific function of most vitamins is that they, in the form of coenzymes or prosthetic groups formed from them in the body, are part of the active centers of coenzyme proteins and thus take part in the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis of various metabolic reactions that underlie all vital processes and body functions [16]. This circumstance is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolism, since the biosynthesis of the protein part of the enzyme and its functioning as a whole are the main points of application of various regulatory mechanisms that ensure the integration of metabolism and its adaptation to changing internal needs and external conditions [17]. The role of individual vitamins in certain biochemical processes of the body is established.

The main food sources of vitamins are vegetables, fruits, berries, vegetable and animal oils, meat, milk.

Minerals along with proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins are vital components of human food, necessary for building the chemical structures of living tissues and the implementation of biochemical and physiological processes that underlie the body's vital functions. Minerals perform a plastic function in the vital processes of the body. Their deficiency violates the most important metabolic processes of the body - water-salt, acid-base, many enzymatic processes. Especially important for athletes is the provision of minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, since their insufficiency causes iron deficiency states and, associated with erythropoiesis, the provision of oxygen and physical performance to tissues and cells.

Minerals in the body act as activators or inhibitors of various enzymes. A state of deficiency, excess or imbalance of mineral substances in the body leads to microelementoses that affect human health, including athletes [14, 15].

To compensate for the vitamin-mineral deficiency of the body, synthetic vitamin-mineral complexes are currently used quite often, including in sports nutrition. However, they are inferior to natural ones, since a synthetic product is always a simple chemical substance, and a natural product is a complex mixture of related substances. Synthetic vitamins can cause toxic reactions, while natural vitamins, even at sufficiently large dosages, do not. Although synthetic vitamins and minerals have given satisfactory results, the benefits of natural vitamins are greater at many levels. The chemical analysis of both types of nutrients may seem the same, but this is not all that is found in natural vitamins, and not all that is associated with these substances in nature. Synthetic Vitamin C is only ascorbic acid and nothing more. Natural vitamin C from rose hips also contains bioflavonoids, a whole complex of vitamin C, which makes it much more effective. Natural vitamin E, which can include all tocopherols, and not just alpha tocopherol, is more effective than its synthetic counterpart. Many who have tried both types of substances can confirm that fewer gastrointestinal upsets were observed after taking natural substances. And also, and most importantly, synthetic vitamins can cause toxic reactions, while with natural vitamins this does not happen, even when they are taken in doses more than usual [19].

It is known that for the normal functioning of the body and all its systems, not only vitamins and minerals (balanced vitamin-mineral complexes) are needed, but a much wider complex of natural food components to which a person is adapted, in particular minor substances that are present only in plant raw materials. The latter, without energy and plastic significance, have a versatile physiological effect on the body. So, bioflavonoids have antioxidant properties due to inhibition of the oxidation of low density lipoproteins and endogenous vitamin E, the formation of chelate complexes with metal ions and the binding of free radicals; suppression of the formation and release of factors-promoters of inflammation and tissue destruction; regulation of the activity of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. Food indoles and isothiocyanates are able to induce the activity of the monooxygenase system by inducers of phase II enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism [2].

Achieving high athletic performance is associated with significant physical and neuropsychic stresses, which professional athletes are constantly exposed to. Sport of the highest achievements takes place against the background of the maximum use of the functional resources of the body, which affects the state of health, the quality of life of athletes. The biochemical mechanism of metabolic disorders in the body under stress is universal: the formation of free oxidizing radicals is intensified, which acquires an avalanche-like character. Free oxidizing radicals damage the cell membrane, their lipid structures, cause a violation of homeostasis. Therefore, it is important to include food components in the diet that play an important role in protecting the body from free radical processes. Among them are vitamins (A, C, E, folic acid, etc.), minerals (selenium, zinc, manganese, iron, etc.) and minor components of food plants (bioflavonoids, carotenoids, indoles, etc.) [4].

The main source of vitamins, mineral and minor substances are plants and, accordingly, plant foods [2].

The optimal complexes, including all these elements, are NKPP from plant or protein-vegetable raw materials, manufactured using cryogenic grinding technology. In addition to vitamins and minerals, the content of which is 6-8 times higher than their content in the feedstock, these NKPP contain dietary fiber and minor substances necessary for the body.

The final products from plant materials processed by low-temperature drying followed by grinding at low temperatures are finely divided cryopowders, which have a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances when used internally. The use of one gram of concentrate is similar to the consumption of 700-1000 grams of fresh fruits or vegetables [1].

Studies of biocorrectors showed that as a result of the implementation of a whole technological cycle of processing according to the proposed technology, an increase in the content of biologically active substances in the final products occurs: for example, during the experiment in aronia, the content of carotenoids increased by 1.84 times, thiamine - by 16.0 times, vitamin E - 10.0 times; in cranberries, the thiamine content increased 11.0 times, riboflavin - 12.0 times.

Removing moisture from vegetables and fruits significantly increases the extraction properties of the product and the degree of assimilation. The concentration of dietary fiber, their microstructuring and, therefore, the large active surface of the NKPP gives them the properties of enterosorbents.

Special studies have shown the biosorption activity of some biocorrectors in relation to toxic metals - lead and cadmium. The following biocorrectors can most effectively absorb and excrete these toxicants: egg shells (88% and 94% respectively), pumpkin (80% and 86%), parsley (94% and 86%), celery (93% and 88%) ), blueberries (70 and 85%), oats (82 and 88%), raspberries (75 and 77%), dill (63 and 73%), Jerusalem artichoke (67 and 86%), carrots (on 62 and 42%), apple (52 and 73%), chokeberry (63 and 72%).

The present invention is to develop a method for correcting the morphofunctional state of athletes, which prevents the development of prenosological and pathological conditions in their body and, as a result, the achievement of high sports results. The problem is solved by the proposed method, which is based on the restoration of the set of characteristics of physiological functions and qualities that determine the level of activity of morphofunctional systems of the body, the features of life and the state of professional performance of athletes.

The technical result of the present invention is the justification, development and inclusion in the diet of multicomponent natural concentrated food products (NKPP) with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) from vegetable (NKPRS) and protein-vegetable raw materials (NKPRS), taking into account the goals of nutritional support of the body of athletes various sports, their individual physiological needs and characteristics.

The proposed method, in comparison with analogues and prototype, is technically simple and psychophysiologically adapted to the daily life and activity of a person of any profession (any kind of occupation, in our case, athletes of various sports); does not require any additional tests and complex calculations in the formation of even multi-component NKPP; there is no need for additional psychotherapeutic, hypnotic and other effects and, most importantly, in the use of any pharmaceutical preparations; allows simultaneously correcting the totality of indicators of the morphofunctional state of athletes, using only NKPP from plant or protein-vegetable raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances, and NKPP made by cryogenic technology have a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances when used internally than any other product.

The achievement of the technical result is ensured by the fact that in the method for correcting the morphofunctional state of athletes, the diet includes multicomponent natural concentrated foods with a high content of biologically active substances from plant and protein-vegetable raw materials, taking into account the goals of nutritional support for athletes of various sports, their individual physiological needs; the consequence of which is the restoration of the set of characteristics of physiological functions and qualities that determine the level of activity of the morphofunctional systems of the body, the features of vital functions and the state of professional performance, and which ensure the prevention of prenosological and pathological conditions, the achievement of high sports results.

The present invention differs fundamentally from the prototype in that an original method is developed for correcting the totality of indicators of the morphofunctional state of athletes based on the use of NKPP with a high content of biologically active substances as their base food.

In addition, it is important to note that the present method mainly differs from analogues and prototype in that:

- to correct the morphofunctional state of athletes, they use only NKPP from plant or protein-vegetable raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances, including minor components made using cryogenic technology; and exclude the use of any pharmacological agents and flavoring additives;

- for the correction of the morphofunctional state of athletes in this way, there is no need for additional psychotherapeutic, hypnotic, etc. exposure;

- the method allows you to simultaneously adjust the morphological and functional state of the body of athletes as a whole;

- the method allows you to adjust the morphological and functional state of athletes of various sports.

The implementation of the invention

Using the proposed method is carried out in the process of conducting a training and competitive cycle aimed at developing resistance to high and prolonged physical exertion, increasing efficiency, maintaining morphological conditions and physiological functions of the body at the optimal genetically established level. The implementation of the method and the evaluation of the results will be considered as an example.

On the basis of informed voluntary consent, 15 athletes in rowing accept the NKPP (the main group is experience), and 15 athletes make up the control group. The age of the individuals in the comparison groups was 16.1 ± 0.4 years (experience) and 16.5 ± 1.0 years (control). Athletes of the main group daily, once use 10.0 g of NKPP Antitoks and 10 g of NKPP SportAktiv-2.

Study design: initial examination, intermediate examination (after 15 days of receiving NKPP) and 1 month after taking NKPP (final).

Justification of the composition used by the NKPRS and NKPBRS

Since rowing requires great physical exertion, an NKPP composition containing animal protein is required (NKPPBS "SportActiv-2").

Significant physical activity contributes to the violation of the antioxidant defense of the body. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce NKPP with pronounced antioxidant properties into the diet (NKPRS Antitoks).

NKPRS "Antitox". Ingredients: cryopowders of red grapes, Jerusalem artichoke, beets, parsley.

Red grapes - a rich spectrum of bioflavonoids (polyphenols) and proanthocyanidins (anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, anthocyanidins, tannins, catechins, dihydroquercetin, resveratrol, etc.) enhance the detoxification and antioxidant function of cells. Due to the high content of vitamins, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin, resveratrol and the easily digestible salts of trace elements important for the human metabolism - iron, copper, cobalt and zinc, they have a beneficial effect on all metabolic processes in the human body, and provide powerful antioxidant protection, regeneration liver, protect cell membranes from destruction under the influence of adverse conditions (infection, radiation, intoxication, increased oxidative process ), Normalize blood pressure, stimulate the activity of the heart muscle and improve the processes of hematopoiesis. Polyphenols are one of the most powerful antioxidants known in nature. Their antioxidant activity exceeds the activity of vitamin E by 50 times and vitamin C by 20 times. In total, red grapes contain at least 300 compounds with radioprotective, anti-radiation, bactericidal, antioxidant, neurostimulating, tonic and other functional properties.

Jerusalem artichoke - has pronounced antioxidant properties and successfully removes radionuclides, toxins and salts of heavy metals from the body. Dietary fiber and pectin stimulates the contractility of the intestinal wall, gently cleanses the intestines. Inulin of Jerusalem artichoke contributes to the normalization of intestinal microflora, the removal of toxins, and the improvement of the pancreas. It has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. It is recommended to use for hypertension, atherosclerosis, tachycardia and coronary heart disease. Jerusalem artichoke broth has a sugar-lowering ability, it is the best way to treat non-insulin diabetes. Recommended in the treatment of anemia, obesity and polyarthritis (prevents the deposition of salts, has anti-inflammatory effect).

Beetroot - due to the presence of betaine and betanin in it, it improves the absorption of proteins and is involved in the formation of choline, a substance that increases the activity of liver cells. Beetroot also enhances intestinal motility (due to the presence of fiber and organic acids in it), thereby facilitating the movement of food along it, activates liver function, has a diuretic, mild laxative, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, lowers blood pressure. As a vegetable rich in iodine, beets are useful for patients with thyrotoxicosis. The active substances of beets also stimulate the purification of interstitial fluid from toxic substances. It has a general strengthening effect, stimulates the metabolism, increases the hemoglobin content in the blood, improves its composition, etc.

Parsley - essential oils (myristicin, limonene, eugenol, alpha-thujone) and flavonoids (apiin, apigenin, luteolin, krizoeriol) have a diuretic, choleretic, antispasmodic effect and are detrimental to pathogenic microflora. Parsley has a positive effect on oxygen metabolism and supports the normal functioning of the brain, adrenal glands and thyroid glands. Due to the high content of vitamin C, being a powerful antioxidant - the body’s defender against free radicals, vitamin C helps prevent the development and progression of atherosclerosis, diabetes, asthma, and is essential for the healthy functioning of the immune system. Beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the body, normalizes the functions of the immune system. Parsley is rich in vitamins of group B, PP and K; It contains many minerals and trace elements necessary for the human body - iron, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, magnesium.

NKPPRS "SportActive-2". Ingredients: cryopowders of rabbit meat, celery, onion, pumpkin, rosehip.

Rabbit meat - contains all the essential amino acids needed by the human body; assimilated by 90%; hypoallergenic. In terms of vitamin and mineral composition, rabbit meat is superior to all other types and contains vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₉ , B ₁₂ and minerals (per 100 g of the product) - potassium (239 mg), calcium (13 mg), magnesium (19 mg), sodium (41 mg), phosphorus (213 mg), iron (1.57 mg). Rabbit meat is an ideal dietary product, practically does not contain cholesterol, which serves as a good prevention of arteriosclerosis; able to normalize fat metabolism, has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract, stimulating secretory function and restoring the normal activity of the entire digestive system. Good antioxidant, improves the synthesis of DNA and myelin. With acute or chronic hypoxia, it increases oxygen consumption in cells.

Celery - stimulates the production of androgen (male sex hormone), resulting in an increase in muscle mass.

Celery essential oil at the same time has a calming and tonic effect on the central nervous system. B vitamins also contribute to the improvement of the nervous system.

Onions - characterized by a high content of zinc, which contributes to the effective building of muscle mass and increase immunity.

Pumpkin - has a high sorption activity against cholesterol, toxins, harmful metabolic products and salts of heavy metals, activates the detoxification function of the liver and helps to restore hepatocytes, normalizes the biliary tract. Beta-crotin helps increase the body's antioxidant defense.

Rosehip - contains vitamins C, E, P, carotenoids and bioflavonoids, which help to increase the body's defenses, have a pronounced antioxidant effect. Magnesium salts determine the choleretic effect of wild rose and its beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system.

Research methods

All subjects underwent a general blood test on a Hemalux 19 hemisphere analyzer. The main blood parameters were studied - hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, average erythrocyte hemoglobin content, average erythrocyte volume, color index, serum iron content, hematocrit, white blood cell count. Laboratory studies were conducted by certified and standardized methods.

Biochemical research methods

Carbohydrate metabolism

To determine the concentration of glucose in blood serum, the Trinder glucose oxidase method was used (TrinderP., 1969). Used a set of reagents from Olveks Diagnostic.

Plasma lactate levels were determined by the colorimetric enzymatic method with lactate dehydrogenase using the Lactat FS reagent kit from Dia Sys Diagnostic Systems GmbH Germany.

Lipid metabolism

Total cholesterol (cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cholesterol-LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cholesterol-HDL), triglycerides (TG) were determined. Reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by the Trinder enzymatic colorimetric method; a precipitating reagent was used to determine cholesterol-cholesterol and cholesterol-cholesterol with subsequent determination of total cholesterol.

Protein Metabolism

The concentration of uric acid was determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method without deproteinization, creatinine - by the pseudokinetic method based on the Jaffe reaction without deproteinization. Total protein in serum was determined by the biuret method (Weichelbaum T.E., 1946). To determine these indicators, reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used.

The concentration of myoglobin, troponin 1, ferritin, erythropoietin and C-reactive protein in blood serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using reagent kits of the company "Vector Best". To study the C-reactive protein used the kit "CRP-ELISA - BEST (highly sensitive)."

Enzyme indicators

The activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) was determined by the enzymatic kinetic method using DIAKON-DS reagent kits. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the creatine kinase MV fraction (KK-MV) - by the kinetic UV method using the Vector Best reagent kits.

Hormonal status indicators

To assess the hormonal status in the blood serum, the cortisol and insulin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using reagent kits of the company "Vector Best" and "Accu-Bind ELISA Microwells INSULIN" FIRM Monobind Inc., USA.

Antioxidant Performance

To assess the state of the antioxidant system in blood serum, the total antioxidative and oxidative status was determined using the Im AnOx (TAS / TAC) Kit, Per Ox (TOS / TOC) Kit reagents from Immundiagnostik Germany.

Evaluation of humoral immunity

To assess humoral immunity in blood serum, studies of globulin fractions — IgG, IgA — were carried out by the enzyme immunoassay using the reagent kits of the Vector Best company.

Determination of trace elements in blood serum

To determine the trace elements in blood serum, reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used.

Inorganic phosphorus in serum was determined spectrophotometrically without deproteinization. The sodium concentration was determined by the colorimetric method using a precipitating reagent.

Chloride concentration was determined by the colorimetric method using mercury thiocyanate.

Sanitary-chemical research methods

Assessment of the body's vitamin saturation (the content of vitamins A, E, B ₁ and B2 in the blood) was carried out on a Fluorat-02-ABLF-T bio-fluid analyzer - luminescent-photometric.

The determination of trace elements (zinc, copper, iron) in blood serum was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrometer "Quant-2A" with a flame method of atomization of the sample and a deuterium background corrector.

Physical performance indicators were evaluated: leading hand strength and bicycle ergometric load indicators.

Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 software package.

Results of a study on the impact of NKPRS and NKPBRS on the morphofunctional state of athletes

Prior to taking NKPBS and NKPPS, athletes in rowing - 22.2% had an excess MT and 5.6% had a low MT.

The content of vitamin B ₁ in the blood serum of all athletes was reduced. The saturation of the body with vitamin A in 10.0% was reduced, in 10.0% the level was at the lower boundary of the norm. Vitamin E was reduced in 40.0% of rowing athletes. At the same time, in 13.3% the saturation of the body reached only 60.0% (45.0-68.8%) of the norm. The saturation of the body with vitamin B ₃ was reduced in 43.3% of the examined, and the maximum decrease from the normal level reached 2.5 times.

Serum copper content was normal in only 70.0%. In the rest, copper deficiency reached 21.4%.

According to biochemical parameters, 20-30% of the examined individuals exceeded the upper limit of the norm of creatine kinase-MV, asparaginamino transferase and lactate dehydrogenase, which indicated the tension of the heart muscle.

Negative shifts in the state of antioxidant defense of the body were indicated by an excess of malondialdehyde in 46.7%, catalase activity in 20.0%, and nitrogen metabolite concentrations in 20.0%.

When assessing carbohydrate metabolism, it was determined that the glucose concentration was higher or within the upper limit of the normal level at 30.0%, the cortisol concentration was close to the upper limit of the reference value, at 16.7% it was 5-13% higher than the upper limit of the acceptable level, those. 46.7% of athletes were in a state of tension and stress. The concentration of lactic acid in half of the examined individuals was 10-60% higher than the upper limit of the reference value, of which 53.3% were 1.5-2.0 times.

At the first examination of athletes, in almost all persons of the experimental and control groups, the concentration of cortisol approached the upper limit of the reference value, and for 3 athletes of the experimental and 2 control groups, the cortisol concentration exceeded the upper limit of the permissible level by 5.0-13.0% . These data indicated that the athletes in the training and competition period were in a state of stress and stress.

An analysis of the dynamics of the concentration of lactic acid showed that in half of the examined persons its level exceeded the upper limit of the reference value by 10-60%. In individuals, the concentration of lactate reached 32-36 μmol / L, that is, 2 times higher than the upper limit of normal. In 9 individuals of the experimental and 7 control groups, there was an increase in the blood serum of lactic acid to 22.4 ± 4.8, 21.2 ± 7.3 μmol / L.

Assessing the indicators of erythropoiesis, athletes noted a decrease in iron levels in 36.7% of the examined. They had a low level of erythropoietin and ferritin. The data obtained suggest the presence of preferential and latent iron deficiency erythropoiesis in athletes.

In 20.0% of athletes, elevated values of total cholesterol were revealed, in 6.7% - X-LDL.

In 23.3% of the examined, an increased content of C - reactive protein was detected, indicating the presence of inflammatory processes.

The level of immunoglobulin G exceeded the upper limit by 10-12%, and in 50.0% of them - by 42.9-59.4%.

At the end of taking the NKPP Antitox and SportActive-2 (despite active training and participation in the qualifying competitions for 2 days before the examination), reliable dynamics were determined by the following parameters of the body:

Indicators of Vitamin Saturation

1. The increase in serum concentration of vitamin A by 40.0%. The maximum increase was determined in individuals for whom this level was initially below the norm or within the lower limit of the norm - by 4.3-2.3 times.

By the end of the observation, the level of vitamin A in the blood serum of the main group was significantly higher than in the initial state by 27.7%.

In the control group, positive dynamics by observation periods were not determined.

2. The concentration of vitamin E ₁ increased by 68.7%; the maximum increase in the concentration of vitamin E reached 4.2 times. By the end of the study, the concentration of vitamin B ₁ increased by 26.4%. Positive dynamics in the control group is not defined.

Indicators of the mineral saturation of the body

The level of iron increased by 23.2-42.2% (in the control group did not change). Important was the fact that after the competition, the control group showed a significant decrease in the levels of potassium (by 20.4%), calcium (by 5.2%), sodium (by 11.0%) and chlorides (by 22.3 %). In the experimental group, no decrease in the levels of these minerals was detected.

Indicators of the state of the cardiovascular system (CVS)

Positive dynamics was observed among athletes, characterizing the state of CVS. At the same time, positive dynamics was noted both in average values of indicators and in the frequency of their deviations from reference values. After taking NKPP in the experimental group, the activity of aspartic aminotransferase (AsAT), creatine kinase MB fraction (KK-MV) and total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased by 1.5 times, while in the control group the activity of these enzymes remained unchanged. The concentration of troponin 1 decreased by 10 times in individuals of the experimental group, while in the control it decreased only by 3 times.

By the end of the observation, the level of AcAT in individuals in the control group increased, in individuals in the experimental group it was within the reference boundaries.

Antioxidant Status Indicators

All individuals in the experimental group with a high content of malondialdehyde showed a significant decrease in it, a decrease in catalase activity.

In the recovery period, there was a significant decrease in the level of malondialdehyde in people of the main group, in the control - no changes were observed. In this case, the athletes of the main group halved (compared with the previous study) the proportion of individuals with a level of malondialdehyde exceeding the upper limit of the norm decreased; in the control group, it was 17.9% higher than in the main group.

Indicators of the state of carbohydrate metabolism and energy supply

In individuals of the main group, glucose levels normalized. An increase in the level of the hormone insulin after taking NKPP against a background of normal glucose levels indicated the stimulation of anabolic processes in the body.

Erythropoiesis

After the use of NKPP, an increase in the concentration of iron in the blood serum, the level of erythropoietin and ferritin in the experimental group was observed. In the control group, a significant decrease in the level of ferritin was noted (the phenomena of iron deficiency anemia increased).

By the end of the observation period, the proportion of individuals with iron levels below normal levels doubled in the control group.

Protein Metabolism

In the experimental group, after taking NKPP, there was an increase in the fraction of α1-globulins (by 29.0%) and the fraction of γ-globulins (by 13.3%), which remained until the end of the observation period. In the control group, changes in the ratio of protein fractions were not observed.

Lipid metabolism

In the experimental group, cholesterol (cholesterol) decreased by 10.8%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) - by 30.9%, the level of triglycerides (TG) - tended to decrease. In the control group, the values of cholesterol and cholesterol-LDL remained at the same level, and TG increased by 1.7 times.

Indicators reflecting the condition of the liver, kidneys

Changes in the activity of AlAT and GGT enzymes reflecting the state of the liver were not detected. In the experimental group there were no deviations in the content of urea and creatinine, indicating the normal functioning of the kidneys. In the control group, a slight, but significant increase in the urea concentration relative to the experimental group was revealed.

Indicators of humoral immunity

A tendency to normalize the level of immunoglobulins G was detected, the concentration of immunoglobulin A was normalized. In the control group, there was a clear decrease in all fractions of immunoglobulins: G and A to the lower limit of the norm, which indicated a clear tendency to immunodeficiency.

Autonomic nervous system

In the sportsmen of the main group, significant changes were found in percentages towards an increase in the contribution of HF and a decrease in the percentage of the contribution of power of very low frequencies (VLF), which can be considered as a positive dynamics of the activity shift towards the parasympathetic division of the ANS in the regulation of heart rate in these athletes.

Psychophysiological indicators

When conducting psychophysiological testing, a more pronounced increase in the speed of a simple visual-motor reaction was established in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Physical performance

1. When assessing indicators of the strength of the leading hand in athletes, its growth in individuals of the control group by the end of the observation was not determined. Athletes of the experience group defined an increase in the strength of the leading hand by 9.0%; it was increased by 50.0% of the examined.

2. Athletes of the experimental group more significantly increased the power of bicycle ergometric work, in the control group they tended to decrease. At the same time, in individuals of the experimental group, heart rate was reduced, in control, it remained unchanged. The increase in maximum oxygen consumption indicated a more efficient energy expenditure of athletes in the experimental group for muscle work. Athletes of the experience group performed a greater load with less effort, in the control group - on the contrary. This proves a more significant increase in performance in individuals of the experience group. During the NKPP period, all athletes noted an easier tolerance of the loads and recovery after them, improving well-being.

Summing up the research, we can state the following:

- among athletes in rowing in the pre-competition and competition periods, expressed to one degree or another, were revealed: insufficient vitamin supply of the body; reduced levels of copper in blood serum (deficiency negatively affects blood formation, absorption of iron, condition of connective tissue, processes of myelination in the nervous system, increases the predisposition to cardiomyopathies, etc. [6]); the presence of signs of iron deficiency erythropoiesis; stress of the cardiovascular system; violation of antioxidant defense and humoral immunity; the presence of inflammatory processes in the body; “Tension” of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, signs of hypoxemia. The state of “stress” (according to the level of the hormone cortisol) of the body is defined in 100.0% of athletes; a study of blood serum after the competition revealed a significant decrease in the level of potassium, sodium, chloride and calcium in people of the control group, which indicates a violation of the electrolyte balance of the body;

- when two NKPP "Antitox" and NKPPRS "SportActiv-2" are included in the diet of athletes rowing athletes: NKPPRS "Antitoksiv" determined reliable dynamics in increasing the vitamin supply of the body (at 100.0% the level of vitamin A, E is within normal limits, B ₂ - 26.4%); an increase in the level of iron to 42.2%, the level of erythropoietin and ferritin (leveling signs of pre-latent anemia); positive dynamics in the function of CVS, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, autonomic nervous system and psychophysiological indicators; normalization of antioxidant defense of the body and stimulation of humoral immunity, reduction of inflammatory processes, normalization of electrolyte balance.

The results noted above confirm the relevance of the presented method for correcting the morphofunctional state of athletes and the effectiveness of using NKPP.

The inclusion of NKPP in the diet of athletes restores the metabolic processes of the body, which is manifested in the normalization of its functions and increased performance. Against this background, other methods of correcting the functional conditions of athletes are possible.

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Claims (5)

1. A method for correcting the morphofunctional state of athletes, which consists in the fact that the diet includes multicomponent natural concentrated foods (NKPP) with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) from plant (NKPRS) and (or) protein-vegetable raw materials (NKPPRS) , taking into account the goals of nutritional support for the body of athletes of various sports, their individual physiological needs; the consequence of which is the restoration of the set of characteristics of physiological functions and qualities that determine the level of activity of the morphofunctional systems of the body, the features of life and the state of professional performance and ensure the prevention of prenosological and pathological conditions, the achievement of high sports results. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the correction of the morphofunctional state of athletes use only NKPP from plant and (or) protein-vegetable raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances, including minor components made by cryogenic technology; and exclude the use of any pharmacological agents and flavorings. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the correction of the morphofunctional state of athletes in this way, additional psychotherapeutic, hypnotic effects are excluded. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it allows you to simultaneously adjust the morphological and functional state of the body of athletes as a whole. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it allows you to adjust the morphological and functional state of athletes of various sports.