RU2533002C1 - Sport alimentation product composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: sport alimentation product composition contains natural concentrated products at the following ratio, per 100 g of the ready products: watermelon seeds - 16%, rosehips - 13%, oat - 10%, spinach - 17%, laminaria - 34% and albumen - 10%.

EFFECT: invention allows to produce a product with increased content of biologically active substances affecting morphofunctional condition of sportsmen by way of vitamin and mineral balance correction as well as stimulating effect onto the organism metabolic processes that determine upkeep of professional working capacity and achievement of high sporting results.

3 cl, 3 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to sports medicine and the food industry, sports nutrition hygiene, and in particular, to the development of a sports nutrition product composition for athletes performing significant physical activities using natural concentrated food products (NKPP) with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) from protein vegetable raw materials (NKPPRS), manufactured by cryogenic technology, in order to correct the morphofunctional state of athletes by restoring vitamin -mineral balance, based on the magnitude of the doses of vitamins and minerals that have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes of the body, which determine the preservation of professional performance and the achievement of high sports results.

State of the art

Intensive physical activity during training and competitions, a high neuro-emotional tension of struggle, and a focus on record sports results are inherent in modern sport. The process of preparing for competitions requires an enormous amount of time from the athlete and includes, as a rule, two- or three-time daily training, leaving less and less opportunities for relaxation and full restoration of physical performance. The content of the training during one working day is varied: speed-strength exercises are replaced by cyclic endurance work. The intensity and duration of the work performed depends on the pedagogical task of the training, microcycle or the whole period of preparation for the competition.

It is clear that the means and methods of restoring the physical performance of athletes should flow from the nature of the work performed. One of the first and most powerful means of recovery is nutrition, it is it that, in the first place, is able to expand the boundaries of adaptation of an athlete's body to extreme physical exertion. The constantly changing nature of physical activity switches the metabolism from one type (protein metabolism in power and speed-power work) to another (carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in endurance work). With muscle activity, hormones are involved in the mobilization, utilization and restitution of energy sources. They contribute to the preservation of certain boundaries of homeostasis, which ensures the health of the body, moreover, in some form of muscle activity. In this regard, it is necessary to take into account the influence of nutrients when creating a metabolic background favorable for the biosynthesis of humoral regulators (androgens, catecholamines, prostaglandins, corticosteroids, etc.) and for the implementation of their action [6]. In this connection, many qualified athletes and their trainers use various nutrition strategies, take measures to improve the organization and increase the efficiency of the training process [5].

A special place in achieving the desired results is given to the use by athletes of various nutritional supplements (sports supplements - DM), specialized athlete food products (SPPS) with a given nutritional and energy value, presented in such an assortment that allows you to calculate the optimal combination of nutrients that meets the requirements of the corresponding stage training-competitive cycle (TSC) [4, 15].

To date, there are compositions of sports nutrition products that aim to correct individual morphological or functional conditions of athletes using various nutrition strategies, diabetes and HPS, which are mainly aimed at increasing muscle performance, accelerating the restoration of the energy potential of protein cells [7-10].

As examples, we present some well-known product compositions for influencing the body of athletes in order to correct their psychosomatic condition and subsequent increase in working capacity, which can be considered as analogues of the invention:

- “Functional food product with ergogenic properties” (RU 2448527 C1, 04/27/2012). The invention relates to the food industry, namely to functional food products intended for nutrition of athletes specializing in power and speed-power sports. A functional functional food product containing plant phospholipids, flavoring additives, ascorbic acid and citric acid and having ergogenic properties, additionally contains powder from husked red rice. The powder is prepared by crushing husked red rice and subsequent grinding in a thin, spiral-spinning film 0.1-1.0 mm thick with a pulsating pressure gradient of 10-30 MPa and a temperature of 25-30 ° C. The components are used in the following ratio, wt.%: Plant phospholipids - 25.0-30.0, flavor additives - 0.1-1.0, ascorbic acid - 1.0-5.0, citric acid - 0.5- 1.0, husked red rice powder - the rest. The purpose of applying this product composition is to increase the energy supply of muscle activity at the stage of basic training and restore performance between physical activity. Designed for use as additional nutrition for athletes.

This invention has the disadvantages of:

the accepted composition of the product is formed mainly due to synthetic components (including flavoring additives), which are always simple chemicals;

in the product formulation there is no mineral complex and practically no vitamins that significantly affect the metabolic processes of the body, which also significantly reduces its functionality;

the presented composition of the product and its application do not take into account the tasks of the entire set of anabolic processes of the body of athletes;

in terms of its effect, the composition of the product is aimed at correcting one parameter - increasing the muscular performance of athletes through the replenishment and (or) maintenance, with increased physical exertion, of the energy demand of the muscles;

it is intended to be used only as additional nutrition for athletes;

- “The way to use biologically active food additives in the diet of athletes” (RU 2156086 C1, 09/20/2000). The invention relates to the field of food industry. In the process of peak loads, a drug containing 4–5 mg per 1 kg of athlete’s body weight is injected into the diet of athletes containing adaptogens, detoxicant, multivitamins, micro and macro elements. Jerusalem artichoke syrup is used as an adaptogen. As detoxicants, saccharomycete yeast shells having an electrokinetic potential of 15 to 75 mV are used. And as a source of multivitamins, as well as micro and macro elements, vegetables and fruits are used in powder form (dried and chopped). This allows you to get a biologically active supplement that has the ability to overcome the state of immunodeficiency in athletes during peak loads on his body due to the optimally selected ratio of components and their properties, as well as expand the range of such biologically active additives.

This invention has the following disadvantages: firstly, the use of the drug is intended as additional nutrition for athletes and only for a limited period of the training process (during peak periods) without taking into account the tasks of the totality of anabolic processes of the body of athletes and the content of their basic nutrition; secondly, a vitamin-mineral complex based on vegetables and fruits is formed without taking into account the needs of the body of athletes in vitamins and minerals, based on their body weight and the content of these substances in the feedstock; thirdly, in terms of its effect, the composition of the drug is aimed at correcting only one parameter - the state of immunodeficiency in athletes;

- “The product“ sportamine ”for nutrition of athletes” (RU 2306720 C1, 09.27.2007). The invention relates to specialized products that can be used as additional nutrition for people who are actively involved in sports. The purpose and content of this composition of the product is to provide the body with easily and quickly utilized protein substrates (amino acids - energy donors) that help increase muscle performance at the training stage, accelerate the restoration of the energy potential of protein cells after increased physical exertion. The product formulation is formed on the basis of an experimentally selected ratio of amino acids (L-arginine, L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine), based on the general, typical energy needs of the human body, with the addition of a complex of vegetable dietary fibers from gum arabic and fructooligosaccharides, and also of stevioside when their ratio by weight, respectively (65-75) :( 20-26) :( 0.1-0.5). The synergistic interaction of the components of the product can also help to reduce the toxic effect of metabolic products, improve immunity and the gastrointestinal tract. The protein product "Sportamine" is obtained by mixing the components, followed by granulation and encapsulation or tabletting, depending on the selected form of the product, with a moisture content of 3.0-5.0 wt.%.

The present invention has the following disadvantages:

application of the composition of the product is carried out without taking into account the tasks of the set of anabolic processes of the body of athletes at the appropriate stage of preparation, and based on the general, typical needs of the human body;

based on the composition of the ingredients and the leading destination parameter, a protein product is used to correct the condition of the athlete’s body, and not completely digested proteins of which, in the form of fragments of their chains - polypeptides, can cause allergic reactions [12] (long-term use - three weeks or more methodology of the method, individual characteristics of the body);

it is planned to use the product as an additional nutrition for athletes, without taking into account the saturation of the body with vitamins and minerals based on basic nutrition;

the accepted composition of the product is formed mainly due to the synthetic protein complex with the addition of vegetable dietary fibers, which are always simple chemicals;

in the product formulation there is no vitamin-mineral complex that affects the metabolic processes of the body, which also significantly reduces its functionality;

in its leading effect, the product is intended to correct one functional parameter - increasing the athletes' muscular performance through replenishment and (or) maintenance, with increased physical exertion, of the muscle energy requirement; although, according to the authors, secondary manifestations of a positive effect on the body of the components of the formulation are possible;

limited use of the product is provided only at the stage of basic training and recovery after increased physical exertion in the pre-competitive period of training athletes;

- “Specialized protein product for nutrition of athletes” (RU 2375923 C2, 12.20.2009). The invention relates to specialized protein products that can be used as additional nutrition for athletes. The purpose and content of this composition of the product is to provide the body with protein substrates and other components (plant fiber, vitamin and mineral premixes - to normalize the state of protein metabolism and increase the nutritional value of the product, flavoring and aromatic additives), contributing to the activation of muscle gain and the recovery process after physical activity, reducing the period of adaptation to physical activity and environmental conditions, maintaining immunity and reducing body fat, uv increase explosive muscle strength and endurance, increase mental stability and performance of athletes. The product formulation is formed taking into account the complex synergistic effect of the action of the taken components, partial replenishment of the daily requirement of the body for individual nutrients. The product is recommended for use in both the training and competitive stages of training an athlete.

This analogue is the most optimal (from among those considered) as a product composition for correcting the condition of athletes through the use of a sports nutrition product, however, it also has a number of disadvantages:

as in the previous invention, based on the composition of the ingredients and their purpose, a protein product is used to correct the state of the athlete’s body, and not completely digested proteins of which, in the form of fragments of their chains - polypeptides, can cause allergic reactions [12];

the use of the product is provided only as an additional nutrition for athletes, without taking into account the saturation of the body with vitamins and minerals based on basic nutrition (although synthetic vitamin-mineral premixes are included in the product formulation);

the accepted composition of the product is formed mainly due to synthetic protein and vitamin-mineral complexes (including flavor additives), which are always simple chemicals; in addition, according to some authors, synthetic vitamins can cause toxic reactions [16];

the use of the product according to the conditions of the invention does not take into account the tasks of the set of anabolic processes of the body of athletes, based on the needs of ensuring their optimal professional activity at the stages of the training and competitive cycle (although it is recommended for use in the training and competitive stages of training athletes) and, as a result, possible changes in their state of health, leading to the development of prenosological and pathological conditions due to metabolic changes;

the leading goal of the composition of the product under consideration is ultimately to increase the performance of athletes based on normalization of the state of predominantly protein metabolism. Possible, according to the authors, changes in other conditions of the body (gaining muscle mass, adapting to physical activity, maintaining immunity, increasing muscle explosive strength, etc.) are presented in the product description as intermediate phases, related processes in achieving the leading goal and are not directed to fill other important physiological needs, the correction of metabolic disorders.

The fundamental difference between the present invention and its analogues is the development of the composition of a sports nutrition product for athletes who perform significant physical activity using natural concentrated foods with a high content of biologically active substances from protein-vegetable raw materials made by cryogenic technology in order to correct the morphofunctional state of athletes by restoration of the vitamin-mineral balance, based on the magnitude of the doses of vitamins and mineral substances (per kg of body weight), which have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes of the body, which determine the preservation of professional performance and the achievement of high sports results.

The closest analogue of the present invention in terms of essential features is “Specialized protein product for nutrition of athletes” (RU 2375923 C2, 12.20.2009), which is taken as a prototype (discussed above).

Disclosure of invention

The main tasks of nutrition are to provide the human body with energy, plastic (building) substances and biologically active components. Any deviations from an adequate supply of nutrients to the body can cause significant damage to health, lead to a decrease in resistance to adverse environmental factors, and a deterioration in mental and physical performance.

For athletes seeking to achieve high results, issues of nutrition are of particular importance, since the relationship of nutrition and physical performance is currently in doubt [1].

Food products and individual nutrients used to increase sports performance provide a targeted effect on key metabolic links that limit human performance and contribute to improving sports results. These products and substances can be used once in the required quantities and forms at those moments when there is a need for a sharp increase in working capacity, or in the form of specially regulated diets for a certain time in order to achieve the necessary training effect.

A promising direction for optimizing the nutrition of athletes is the inclusion in the diet of products with a high content of biologically active substances of natural origin from plant and / or protein-vegetable raw materials, primarily vitamins, minerals and minor components.

Vitamins are a group of organic compounds that have pronounced biological activity. They regulate many physiological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, the use of oxygen by cells, the synthesis of hemoglobin and other functions that are closely associated with energy metabolism and form the basis of physical performance. The need for vitamins always increases with systematic physical exertion (training). For every additional thousand kilocalories, the need for vitamins increases by 33%. As a rule, the need for vitamins is greater in those sports where long endurance loads prevail [1].

Lack of vitamins disrupts the metabolism. The specific function of most vitamins is that they, in the form of coenzymes or prosthetic groups formed from them in the body, are part of the active centers of coenzyme proteins and thus take part in the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis of various metabolic reactions that underlie all vital processes and body functions [13]. This circumstance is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolism, since biosynthesis of the protein part of the enzyme and its functioning as a whole are the main points of application of various regulatory mechanisms that ensure the integration of metabolism and its adaptation to changing internal needs and external conditions [14].

Minerals along with proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins are vital components of human food, necessary for building the chemical structures of living tissues and the implementation of biochemical and physiological processes that underlie the body's vital functions.

Minerals, which are part of enzymes, catalyze the metabolism in the body, participate in plastic processes of building various tissues, including bones, take part in hematopoiesis, affect the protective functions of the body, participate in acid-base reactions, enzymatic and hormonal activities and etc. [1].

Minerals in the body act as activators or inhibitors of various enzymes. Deficit states, excesses, or imbalances in minerals in the body lead to microelementoses that affect human health, including athletes [12, 13].

The main food sources of vitamins and minerals are vegetables, fruits, berries, vegetable and animal oils, meat, milk.

At present, synthetic vitamin-mineral complexes are used to compensate for the vitamin-mineral deficiency of the body of athletes. At the same time, they are inferior to natural ones, since a synthetic product is always a simple chemical substance, and a natural product is a complex mixture of bound substances [16].

Natural concentrated food products (NKPP) from plant or protein-vegetable raw materials, made by cryogenic technology, are optimal vitamin-mineral complexes.

Plant materials are processed by low-temperature drying followed by grinding at low temperatures. The final products are finely divided cryopowders, which have a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances when used orally. The use of one gram of concentrate is similar to the consumption of 700-1000 grams of fresh fruits or vegetables. Studies have shown that as a result of the whole technological cycle of processing by this technology, a significant increase in the content of biologically active substances in the final products occurs: for example, during the experiment in aronia, the content of carotenoids increased 1.84 times, thiamine - 16.0 times, vitamin E - 10.0 times; in cranberries - thiamine - 11.0 times, riboflavin - 12.0 times. Removing moisture from fruits and vegetables significantly increases the extraction properties of the product and the degree of assimilation of the product. The concentration of dietary fiber, their microstructuring and, in connection with this, the large active surface of NKPP gives them the properties of enterosorbents [2].

It is known that for the normal functioning of the body and all its systems, not only vitamins and minerals (balanced vitamin-mineral complexes) are needed, but a much wider complex of natural food components - minor food components that a person is adapted to (bioflavonoids, plant quinones and hydroquinones , carotenoids, phospholipids and their components, plant polysaccharides, etc.). The main source of these substances are plants and, accordingly, plant food [3].

NKPP contain minor substances necessary for an organism. The latter, without energy and plastic significance, have a versatile physiological effect on the body. So, bioflavonoids have antioxidant properties due to inhibition of the oxidation of low density lipoproteins and endogenous vitamin E, the formation of chelate complexes with metal ions and the binding of free radicals; suppression of the formation and release of factors-promoters of inflammation and tissue destruction; regulation of the activity of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. Food indoles and isothiocyanates are able to induce the activity of the monooxygenase system by inducers of phase II enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism [3].

Thus, NKPP is a food product that contains not only a list of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in certain doses, but also vitamins, minerals and minor components in high concentrations.

An object of the present invention is to develop the composition of a sports nutrition product (hereinafter, the “composition”) for use by athletes who perform significant physical exertion, in order to correct the morphofunctional state of athletes by saturating the body with a natural vitamin-mineral-minor complex, based on the magnitude of the doses of vitamins and mineral substances (per kg of body weight), which have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes of the body, which determine the preservation of the profession performance and achieving high athletic performance.

Achieving the technical result of the task is solved by combining in the "composition" of natural concentrated food products with a high content of biologically active substances, made according to cryogenic technology from protein-vegetable raw materials and balanced by the experimentally established volume (mg / 100 g of product) vitamins and minerals . The ingredients were NKPP cryopowders in the following ratio of 100 g of the finished product: watermelon seed 16%, rosehip 13%, oats 10%, spinach 17%, sea kale 34% and egg white 10%.

The technical result of the present invention is the creation of a sports nutrition product composition using natural concentrated food products with a high content of biologically active substances from protein-vegetable raw materials made by cryogenic technology, capable of influencing the morphofunctional state of athletes by correcting the vitamin-mineral balance based on the value doses of vitamins and minerals per kg of body weight, providing a stimulating effect n metabolic processes in the body, determined by the conservation professional performance and achievement of high results.

The proposed composition of the sports nutrition product eliminates all the disadvantages noted for the prototype; effective in correcting the totality of morphological and functional states of athletes determined by metabolic shifts.

In addition, it is important to note that the present composition of the sports nutrition product mainly differs from its analogues in the following:

- the composition of the product is formed only due to natural protein-vegetable components containing a balanced vitamin-mineral complex, as well as minor food components and which are always a complex mixture of related substances;

- as ingredients of a multicomponent composition of the product, any NKPP from plant and protein-vegetable raw materials can be used that can satisfy the body's need for vitamins and minerals in doses that have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes in the body of athletes, ensuring professional performance and achieving high sports results;

- the composition of the product is presented as a component of the basic nutrition of athletes for the correction of vitamin-mineral balance and metabolic processes of the body;

- the composition of the product is presented in the form of fine powders made by cryogenic grinding technology, which have a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances when used internally, do not contain any additives. Subsequent encapsulation, tabletting or the manufacture of other forms of products based on them is possible;

- The main goal of creating the composition of the product is to correct the totality of morphological and functional states of athletes to prevent pre-nosological and pathological conditions, preserve professional performance and achieve high sports results.

The implementation of the invention

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the proposed composition of the sports nutrition product (PSP) was made on the basis of the clinic and laboratories of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NNIIGP of Rospotrebnazor.

The composition of the product was developed on the basis of an assessment of the vitamin and mineral saturation of the body of highly qualified athletes involved in rowing, the Nizhny Novgorod regional sports school.

Earlier, according to the assessment of the vitamin-mineral saturation of the body when the cryogenic products “Antitox”, “SportActive-2” were included in the diet of athletes, doses of a number of vitamins (A, E) and minerals (copper, zinc, iron) were determined that activated metabolic body processes, which was manifested in the improvement of indicators of the morphofunctional state of the body, increasing sports performance. ¹ ( ¹ NKPPRS Antitoks. Composition: cryopowders of red grapes, Jerusalem artichoke, beets, parsley. NKPPBS SportAktiv-2. Composition: cryopowders of rabbit meat, celery, onions, pumpkin, dogrose. Athletes with food once a day consumed 10 , 0 g of NKPP Antitoks and 10.0 g of NKPP SportAktiv-2 "for 15 days. Testing on the saturation of the body with vitamins and minerals was performed twice - before the start (initial) and after the end of taking NKPP (final).

Since no initial plant and protein product contains the amount of vitamins and minerals required for daily consumption, it was necessary to determine their content in a number of cryogenic products. Based on the data obtained, taking into account the determination of the optimal doses of vitamins and minerals that increased the concentration of trace elements in blood serum, a sports nutrition product was created (Table 1).

Table 1 The composition of the product of sports nutrition (for athletes performing high physical activity) No. p / p Monoproduct Name Content in the product,% Nutrient content, mg / 100 g Cu Fe Zn Mn Cr A E B ₂ one. Watermelon seed 16 0.32 3.16 0.9424 0.3552 0.0192 0.608 0.512 0.024 2. Dogrose 13 0.0429 1,846 0.884 0.208 0.0078 0,0546 0.988 0.208 3. Oats 10 0,031 0.77 0.34 0.44 0.003 2.73 5.02 0.007 four. Spinach 17 0.0901 4,826 0.445 0.391 0,0238 0.153 0.629 0.102 5. Sea kale 34 0.19 44,931 0.3876 0.7548 0.408 1,292 1,088 0.051 6. Egg white 10 0.0093 0,045 - 0.0012 - 0.0044 0.051 0.192 Total one hundred 0.6833 55,578 2,999 2.15 0.4618 4,842 8,288 0.584

Wafers were made from a cryogenic product. Weight of 1 package of wafers - 95 g; the package contained 6 waffles.

When determining the content of vitamins and minerals, the following values were established for 100.0 g of wafers (Table 2).

table 2 The content of vitamins and minerals in waffles Name Vitamins mg / 100 g Minerals, mg / 100 g E B ₂ C Iron Copper Zinc Manganese Wafers with PSP 1.4 0,03 89.9 9.34 0.17 0.65 0.88

Continuation of footnotes (see above)

At the final stage of the study, the value of the dose of nutrients (mg / kg MT) was determined, which corresponds to the maximum probability of the effect of an increase in the concentration of nutrients in the blood serum.

Thus, optimal doses of ingredients were established to obtain a positive effect (table).

Table Optimal doses of nutrients for a positive effect Nutrient, mg / kg body weight A E Cu Fe Zn 0.009 0.0064 0.0021 0.17 0.015

In addition, wafers contain minor substances (watermelon seed - exogenous peptides and individual amino acids (arginine, tryptophan, lysine, glutamic acid); rosehip - flavonoids, carotenoids, organic acids, including phenolic; oats - phospholipids and their components, sterols; spinach - vegetable quinones and hydroquinones; sea kale - vegetable polysaccharides).

Program and methodology for testing a sports nutrition product

Based on informed voluntary consent, the study involved 30 athletes - rowers in rowing, who were divided into two groups: experimental and control (15 people each).

In the preparatory period, all athletes did not accept the product of sports nutrition (PSP). At this time, they underwent a clinical examination at the institute. Then, according to the plan of their preparation, competitions were held for the Cup by coefficient. The results of sports results obtained in this way became the starting point for assessing the sports effectiveness of receiving PSP.

After the competition, the athletes prepared according to the plans of the trainers. The next control competition - The Championship of the region was held 1 month after the competition for the Cup by coefficient.

15 days before the Championship of the region, the faces of the experimental group took 2 waffles daily three times a day containing NKPBS.

The results of the dynamics of indicators of the morphofunctional state, clinical, biochemical status and vitamin-mineral balance of the body of athletes also served as criteria for the effectiveness of taking a sports nutrition product.

List of studies

Laboratory studies were conducted by certified and standardized methods.

General blood analysis

All subjects underwent a general blood test using a Hemalux 19 hemisphere analyzer. The main blood parameters were studied - hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, average erythrocyte hemoglobin content, average erythrocyte volume, color indicator, serum iron content, hematocrit, white blood cell and platelet count.

Biochemical research methods

Carbohydrate metabolism

To determine the concentration of glucose in the blood serum, the Trinder glucose oxidase method was used (Trinder P., 1969). Used a set of reagents from Olveks Diagnostic.

Plasma lactate levels were determined by the colorimetric enzymatic method with lactate dehydrogenase using the Lactat FS reagent kit from Dia Sys Diagnostic Systems GmbH Germany.

Lipid metabolism

Total cholesterol (cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cholesterol-LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cholesterol-HDL), triglycerides (TG) were determined. Reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by the Trinder enzymatic colorimetric method; a precipitating reagent was used to determine cholesterol-cholesterol and cholesterol-cholesterol with subsequent determination of total cholesterol.

Protein Metabolism

The concentration of uric acid was determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method without deproteinization, creatinine - by the pseudokinetic method based on the Jaffe reaction without deproteinization. Total protein in serum was determined by the biuret method (Weichelbaum T.E., 1946). To determine these indicators, reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used.

The concentration of troponin 1, ferritin, erythropoietin and C-reactive protein in blood serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using reagent kits of the company "Vector Best". To study the C-reactive protein used the kit "CRP - ELISA - BEST (highly sensitive)."

Enzyme indicators

The activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) was determined by the enzymatic kinetic method using DIAKON-DS reagent kits. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the creatine kinase MV fraction (KK-MV) - by the kinetic UV method using the Vector Best reagent kits.

Hormonal status indicators

To assess the hormonal status in the blood serum, the content of cortisol, testosterone and insulin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using enzyme-linked immunosorbent kits. To determine cortisol, testosterone used reagent kits of the company "Vector Best".

The insulin concentration was determined using the kit reagents Accu-Bind Elisa Microwels INSULIN FIRM Monobind Inc., USA.

Antioxidant Performance

To assess the state of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in blood serum, the oxidative and antioxidant ability of blood serum was quantified, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined.

The content of MDA was determined by the colorimetric method with thiobarbituric acid (UshiyamaM, 1978).

The oxidative and antioxidant ability of blood serum was quantified using the ImAnOx (TAS / TAC) Kit, PerOx (TOS / TOC) Kit, Immundiagnostik, Germany. The determination of total antioxidant activity is based on the reaction of antioxidants present in the sample with a certain amount of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. The amount of peroxide remaining is determined photometrically on a microplate reader. Antioxidant ability was calculated by the formula and was expressed in micromoles of peroxide. Low antioxidant ability - less than 280 micromol / l, medium - 280-320 micromol / l, high - more than 320 micromol / l. In the group of healthy people, the antioxidant ability was 280 ± 20.5 μmol / L.

Assessment of oxidative stress was carried out on the basis of measuring peroxide levels by peroxidase reaction with peroxides and photometric determination of the colored product. The level of oxidative stress was estimated on the basis of data proposed by manufacturers of reagent kits (peroxides less than 180 micromol - low oxidative stress, 180-310 micromol / l - average stress level, more than 310 micromol / l - high oxidative stress).

Evaluation of humoral immunity

To assess humoral immunity in blood serum, studies of globulin fractions — IgG, IgA — were carried out by the enzyme immunoassay using the reagent kits of the Vector Best company.

Determination of trace elements in blood serum

To determine the trace elements in blood serum, reagent kits from Olveks Diagnostic were used.

The concentration of iron and magnesium in serum was determined by the colorimetric method without deproteinization using Nitro-PAPS and Xylidyl blue chromogens.

To determine the serum potassium concentration, the nephelometric method was used without deproteinization using tetraphenylborate.

Serum calcium concentration was determined by a unified method with o-cresolphthalein complexone.

Inorganic phosphorus in serum was determined spectrophotometrically without deproteinization.

The sodium concentration was determined by the colorimetric method using a precipitating reagent.

Chloride concentration was determined by the colorimetric method using mercury thiocyanate.

Sanitary-chemical research methods

Vitamin Definition

The analysis of vitamins in blood serum and whole blood: A, E, B ₁ and B _{2 was} carried out on a Fluorate-02-ABLF-T bio-fluid analyzer - luminescent-photometric, State Registration Number No. 5696-07.

Vitamin A. The analysis was carried out according to the Methodological recommendations (methods M 07-01-2001), approved on 02.15.2001, NPF "Lumex", St. Petersburg.

Vitamin E. The analysis was carried out according to the Methodological recommendations (method M 07-02-2001), approved on 03/27/2001, NPF Lumeks, St. Petersburg.

Vitamin B ₁ . The analysis was carried out according to the Methodological recommendations (method M-2001), NPF "Lumex", St. Petersburg.

Vitamin B ₂ . The determination in whole blood was carried out according to the measurement procedure (MVI) of the mass concentration of vitamin Birch, Bessey, and Lowry on a Fluorat-02-ABLF-T bio-fluid analyzer.

The definition of trace elements

The analysis was carried out according to the Guidelines:

1. MUK 4.1.1897-04 "Atomic absorption measurements of mass concentrations of lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel in the blood", approved 01.05.2004.

2. MUK 4.1.777-99 "Determination of the content of zinc, nickel, copper and chromium in the blood by atomic absorption", approved on September 6, 1999.

Zinc, copper, and iron are determined using a Kvant-2A atomic absorption spectrometer with a fiery atomization method for the sample and a deuterium background corrector.

Clinical examination of athletes was carried out in the morning after a night's rest. The standard conditions for the implementation of functional research methods were observed.

The examination included examination by a therapist based on a specially designed formalized map. Instrumental research included: removal of an ECG using an Alton-03 electrocardiograph with Myocard-12 software, a study of heart rate variability using the VNS-Spectr computer complex.

Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 software package. The standard methods of variation statistics were used: calculation of average values, standard errors of the average, with calculation of the t-criterion for independent samples; t-test for dependent samples;

nonparametric criteria for comparing means in dependent samples - Sign test, Wilcoxon test. Reliable considered differences in indicators at p <0.05.

Materials on the assessment of athletes' health indicators during the training and competition cycle

It should be noted that the studies were carried out in conditions of an unfavorable influenza and acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract epidemiological situation in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

When assessing the health status of athletes before the start of the study, prenosological changes were revealed: a decreased level of IgA, an increased level of IgG, which indicated a decrease in humoral immunity and the presence of inflammatory processes in the body. 7 athletes (23.3%) were ill with ARI VDP. ECG changes were detected, indicating an inadequate load on the body during training (possibly due to a reduced state of natural resistance).

The data obtained after taking the sports nutrition product testified to their positive effect on the body of athletes. At the same time, body weight was preserved, which is important for athletes involved in rowing.

In the individuals taking the PSP group, an increase in vitamin A in the blood was noted in 53.3%, vitamin E in 60.0%, a significant increase in vitamin B ₁ (determined in 93.3%), a less significant decrease in vitamin B ₂ ; in the control group, 60.0% of athletes showed a dynamics of a decrease in the content of vitamin A, E, a significant decrease in vitamin B ₂ (defined in 73.3%).

An increase in blood serum iron of 24.9% was established, in the control, a decrease in the level.

Against this background, positive changes in the state of the body were determined in individuals of the experimental group, which manifested themselves in the following:

1. The training of the cardiovascular system increased more significantly: the endurance coefficient decreased by 1.48 units. at a constant value in the control. Biochemical indicators also served as evidence: a 1.7-fold less significant increase in the level of LDH, a 26.7% less significant increase in the level of AcAT, troponin-1.

2. Improved indicators characterizing the function of hematopoiesis:

- a significant decrease in the level of leukocytes by 21.8%; a more significant improvement in the general nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body according to the percentage of lymphocytes;

a significant increase in hemoglobin level, an increase in serum iron by 24.9% and iron reserves by 35.0%, as well as maintaining the level of the average cellular concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell (decrease in control); 26.7% higher was the proportion of individuals who had an increase in serum erythropoietin levels.

3. The antioxidant status has increased: a decrease in malondialdehyde (the proportion of people with exceeding reference boundaries decreased from 26.6% to 13.3%), a higher total antioxidant ability of serum and a less pronounced level of oxidative stress (by 20.0%).

4. A more significant increase in the body's natural resistance (20.0% more is the proportion of individuals who have normalized IgG levels).

5. Anabolic processes improved, as evidenced by the data of a decrease in 53.3% of the examined levels of cortisol and an increase in 57.1% of the level of testosterone; decreased lactate levels in 66.7%. In the control, catabolic processes increased, cortisol levels increased at 40.0%, lactate - at 60.0%.

6. Less pronounced changes in lipid metabolism: a 53.3% increase in the proportion of individuals whose triglyceride levels decreased, a 20.0% decrease in the proportion of individuals whose cholesterol-low density lipoproteins increased.

7. A positive effect on liver function: a significant decrease in the level of alanine aminotransferase by 18.7%, in the control, on the contrary, a significant increase by 29.6%; 2.0 times less the proportion of individuals who have had an increase in the level of this enzyme.

8. More significant indicators of sports performance: the proportion of people who improved performance in competitions was 15.8%, and in the girls subgroup - 28.5% more than in the control group. The proportion of people among girls who worsened the results after a month of training was 2.0 times less, the time taken to complete the distance was 2.6 times shorter than in the control group.

Information sources

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Claims (3)

1. The composition of the sports nutrition product, the recipe of which uses natural concentrated food products (NKPP) with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) from protein-vegetable raw materials made according to cryogenic technology, capable of influencing the morphofunctional state of athletes by correcting vitamin and mineral balance, based on the magnitude of the doses of vitamins and minerals per kg of body weight, which have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes of the body and determine eating conserved professional performance, namely, a composition containing NKPP in the following ratio of 100 g of the finished product: watermelon seed 16%, rosehip 13%, oats 10%, spinach 17%, sea kale 34% and egg white 10%. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it appears as a component of the basic nutrition of athletes to restore the vitamin-mineral balance and metabolic processes of the body. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it appears in the form of finely dispersed powders made by cryogenic grinding technology, which have a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances when used internally, do not contain any additives, and also their subsequent encapsulation, tableting or making other forms of products based on them, for example wafers.