RU2516618C2 - Construction panel with improved blocking facilities for detachable connection with similar construction panels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to rectangular floor panels. The panel comprises side surfaces, limited by face and base surfaces, and at least one pair of the first blocking facilities and/or the second blocking facilities made on side surfaces for detachable connection of identical panels. Blocking facilities after connection of two panels form the first connection with geometric closure "slot-comb", including a trapeziform slot, the inclined lateral side of which via the ledge changes into the lower chute lying outside the blocking facility, and also a trapeziform comb, having a semicircular ledge for arrangement in the chute. After connection of two panels the second blocking facilities form the second connection with geometric closure "slot-comb". The chute is separated from the inner wall, to which the sliding surface adjoins, reaching the edge of the chute, which is located in the lowest part of the chute close to the side surface, so that the latter continuously rises from its edge to the rounded ledge.

EFFECT: reduced stresses in areas of panel jointing.

16 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a slab-shaped rectangular building panel having:

- front surface

- the base surface opposite the front surface,

- two profiled first side surfaces parallel to each other and two other perpendicular to them, also profiled second side surfaces parallel to each other, with all side surfaces bounded by the front and base surfaces,

- at least one pair of locking means made on the side surfaces of the building panel, compatible with each other and interacting with each other in the laid state, for releasably connecting the same building panels, the locking means located on the side surfaces of the building panel after connecting to the same a construction panel forms a connection with a geometrical closure "groove-comb",

- in which the locking means includes a trapezoidal groove tapering in the direction of its bottom, having a first lateral side substantially parallel to the front surface, an inclined second lateral side opposite thereto, the second lateral side of the groove passing through a rounded ledge into a lower relative to the groove lying outside a locking means, a groove located on a shelf protruding beyond the groove and ending with the tongue, the tongue being bounded by a flat inner wall and a free surface, flat arallelnoy base surface,

- and in which the locking means also includes a trapezoidal ridge included in the groove, which, moreover, goes into an approximately semicircular protrusion directed to the base surface for placement in said groove, the semicircular protrusion adjacent to the recess into which the tongue enters.

A building panel of the kind described above, here is a floor panel, is known from EP 1 585 876 B1. The floor panels made in accordance with this state of the art are well established in the market and continue to spread. The design of the known floor panels provides their unobstructed displacement with moisture-related dimensional changes in the vertical direction relative to the longitudinal side.

However, there is a need to improve building panels, in particular with respect to their displacement relative to each other along their longitudinal side and to reduce internal stresses in the areas of connection of the panels.

This problem is solved by means of a generic building panel according to the invention, in which

- the inner wall of the tongue on one side reaches the rounded sliding surface adjacent to the groove and adjacent to the free surface of the tongue, and on the other hand, to the edge of the groove lying in the lowest part of the groove closest to the base surface, so that it continuously rises from its edges to a rounded ledge,

- after the crest is inserted into the groove, the protrusion is placed in the groove so that between the protrusion and the transition of the inner wall to the sliding surface, a gap approaching zero is established or a linear contact is formed.

Below, the term “building panel” is replaced by the term “floor panel”, which however also applies to wall or ceiling cladding or to furniture walls. Under the floor panel here is meant a plate-like formation, characterized by one long and one short side. The term "rounded sliding surface" can be understood as a cylindrical sliding surface, as well as a different geometric shape, for example a parabolic or elliptical shape.

Floor panels according to the invention can be made of wood, wood material, plastic or metal, namely in massive, i.e. single-layer, or multi-layer execution. In addition, floor panels can be made of solid wood or the so-called HDF laminate (high density fiberboard), MDF laminate (medium density fiberboard) or other wood materials, including combinations of wood material and plastic.

The invention is directed, in particular, to perform wood. Wooden floors usually have a long service life and can be subjected to high loads. A distinctive feature of a wooden floor is its ability to absorb moisture and therefore swell and dry out. The tree provides many positive qualities: air ionization, regulation of the indoor microclimate, protection against electrostatic charge and dust attraction. Its antiallergic effect is also known.

The inner wall of the tongue may be perpendicular or inclined to the base surface. Advantageously, the inclined arrangement of the inner wall is selected at which it lies at an acute angle to the perpendicular base surface of the plane or at an obtuse angle (additional angle) to the base surface.

The ledge opposite the inner wall to the groove may lie within or outside the projection of the side groove on the base surface.

A slight gap between the protrusion and the transition of the inner wall to the sliding surface occurs, in principle, in the case of floor panels made of solid wood. The reason for this is that wood fibers extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel under conditions of humidity are subject to the greatest swelling. The gap may have a value of 0.01-0.20 mm, preferably 0.12-0.15 mm with a panel thickness of 14 mm.

On the contrary, instead of a gap, linear contact occurs in multilayer, in this case three-layer, floor panels, since the increase in the sizes of all three layers does not occur in the same way, but in different ways. The overall increase in size due to humidity and temperature changes in volume is less than that of massive floor panels. In this case, reference should be made to the previous publications EP 1585876 B1 and DE 20321445 U1 of the applicant, the disclosed contents of which are fully included in this invention.

The wood fibers of the upper and lower layers (useful and supporting layers) are, in principle, parallel, and the middle layer (core layer) occurs perpendicular to the long side of the floor panel. As a result of this, the upper and lower layers swell perpendicular to the long side both in the plane of the panel and perpendicular to it.

The core layer swells perpendicular to the long side, however, in a plane directed perpendicular to the base surface and parallel to the long side in the panel plane. The last swelling direction has practically no effect on changes in the dimensions of the panel joints. The longitudinal arrangement of the fibers of the core layer relative to the direction of swelling of the useful and supporting layers effectively restrains the swelling force of these both layers.

The shape of the cross section of the tongue is chosen so that the size of the tongue in height, measured from the base surface, approximately corresponds to the height at which the transition of the step to the side of the groove lies.

The groove may be flat and / or arched. Advantageously, the groove is divided into two circumferentially shaped portions of the portion, of which the portion lying close to the inner wall has a radius equal to the radius of the sliding surface. Another section of the groove has a radius exceeding the value of other radii.

A particular advantage is that the contact area of the protrusion with the groove or the transition point of the inner wall to the sliding surface is limited. Due to this, the displacement of the floor panels in relation to each other both during installation and after it is significantly improved.

It is preferable that the usually occurring stresses, at least on the long sides of the new panel structure and possible concave thickenings of the useful layer in the area of the butt surfaces, can be prevented or severely limited.

For the floor panel according to the invention, the following domestic, as well as particularly resistant wood species are considered, including:

- American maple;

- American cherry (black cherry);

- American walnut;

- light bamboo;

- Birch;

- pear;

- bubing;

- cabreuva;

- Kumaru;

- diamond wood (guatambu);

- doussia (afzelia superior);

- oak;

- alder;

- ash;

- eucalyptus;

- European maple (mountain maple);

- European cherry;

- hevea;

- ipe;

- iroko;

- jatoba;

- kempas;

- larch;

- mahogany;

- merbau;

- turbidity;

- niangon;

- paduc;

- rosewood;

- perobe;

- yellow mountain pine;

- red pine;

- sucupira;

- tali (missanda);

- tick;

- tigerwood;

- wenge (panga-panga).

Timber from the forest, where ecologically and socially responsible forestry is conducted, is marked with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) sign and has a preferred use.

The Brinell hardness of the listed wood species lies between 43 N / mm ² (mountain maple) and 90 N / mm ² (sucupira).

Finally, the invention also relates to a surface coating consisting of building panels of the kind described above stacked together. The surface coating may be a floor, wall or ceiling cladding, facade cladding or furniture wall.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings and their details include important information that follows for a specialist from consideration of the drawings. In the drawings depict:

- Figure 1: floor panel when viewed from above on its flat side;

- Figure 2: section aa from Figure 1;

- Figure 3: in section, an enlarged fragment passing on the long side and shown in figure 2 of the side surface with a groove;

- Figure 4: in section an enlarged fragment of two multilayer floor panels in the area of their elongated side surfaces after connection;

- Fig. 5-7: in section, enlarged fragments of another embodiment of the side surface shown in Fig. 3 with a groove and a backward offset offset to the groove;

- Fig. 8a: in section, an enlarged fragment of two multilayer floor panels after docking;

- Fig. 8b: in section, an enlarged fragment of two massive floor panels after docking;

- Fig.9: section bb of Fig.1;

- Figure 10, 11: in a section enlarged fragments of two multilayer floor panels in the area of their short sides before and after the connection;

- Fig. 12: in perspective, the floor panels of Fig. 11 during installation.

For a better understanding of embodiments of the invention, some terms used in connection with the drawings should be explained:

- “the front surface”, also called the surface for walking, corresponds to the upper side of the floor panels or their useful layer formed after laying;

- “base surface” corresponds to the opposite front side of the bottom side of the floor panel;

- “butt surface” or “butt” refers in this case to two directed perpendicular to the front and base surfaces that are in contact with each other side surfaces, in particular the useful layer;

- “response panel” refers to a floor panel that interacts with another and is characterized by the same structure. In this case, the response panels are indicated by pos. 100 ', 200' and 300 ';

- “side surface” is the surface of the floor panel bounded by the front and base surfaces and extending from their edges.

Terms such as “top”, “bottom”, “lower”, “lowest”, “under”, “above”, “left”, “right”, etc., refer to floor panels laid on a horizontal base as they are also shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a rectangular floor panel 100, 100 'or 200, 200' in a schematic view from above on its front surface 11. The panel 100, 100 'or 200, 200' has two parallel to each other side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 and two perpendicular they have side surfaces 1.2, 2.2, with side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 located on the long sides, and the remaining side surfaces 1.2, 2.2 on the short sides of the panel.

Due to its schematic representation, the details of the side surfaces 1.1, 2.1; 1.2, 2.2 in FIG. 1 are not visible. They are shown in other figures. So, Fig. 1 shows two different floor panels. The differences apply only to their long sides.

Panel 100, 100 'is shown in more detail in Fig.2-4. The lateral surfaces 1.1, 2.1 of the long sides have locking means 9; 19, which form the groove-comb connection 40 shown in FIG.

In figure 2, the panel 100, 100 'consists of three layers, namely the lower support layer 7, the upper useful layer 5 with the front surface 11 and the middle core layer 3. In addition, figure 2 shows a schematic arrangement of the directions of swelling QR1, QR2, QR3, QR4.

Wood fibers of useful 5 and supporting 7 layers extend parallel to the long side of the panel (not shown in FIG. 2). The swelling direction of QR1 is indicated by arrows perpendicular to the long side. The direction of swelling of QR2 is indicated by arrows perpendicular to the front and base surfaces.

The core layer 3 is schematically indicated by wood fibers extending perpendicular to the long side 23. The swelling direction of QR3 is perpendicular to the long side and the base surface 12. The swelling direction of QR4 is indicated by oblique arrows. It corresponds to the direction of the long side, i.e. parallel to the plane of the panel and indicated in Figure 2 by the point P.

The lateral surface 2.1 has, starting from the front surface 11, a butt surface 28.1, a groove 13 and a lower shelf 4 protruding beyond the butt surface 28.1, which ends with the upward facing tongue 8.

On the shelf 4, a groove 10 is visible, adjacent on one side to the inner wall 21 of the tongue 8, and on the other hand, to a smoothly rounded ledge 17, which, in turn, goes into the lower inclined side 25 of the groove 13. Upper free surface 44 of the tongue 8 passes through a circular sliding surface 20 into said inner wall 21. The second upper lateral side 15 of the groove 13 is parallel to the front surface 11. The groove 13 therefore has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid and therefore tapers towards its bottom 14.

The locking means 19 includes a trapezoidal ridge 24 protruding beyond the joint surface 28.2, which, in turn, continues with a semicircular protrusion 26 pointing downward. In the connected state in FIG. 4, the protrusion 26 is located just above the groove 10 and forms a gap 29 there. However, the protrusion 26 relies on the transition 18 of the inner wall 21 to the sliding surface 20 so that there arises a linear contact 41, indicated by a point in FIG. 4.

The butt surface 28.1 (Fig. 3) ends with a lower bevel 45 in the area of the useful layer 5. The bevel 45 leads to a curve 46 adjacent to the upper side 15 of the groove 13.

Figure 5 shows the floor panel 200, 200 'in the area of its side surface 2.1, which differs from the first embodiment in Figure 3 by the location of the ledge 17. It is located in front of the plane E1, which is formed as a continuation of the butt surface 28.1 down. In addition, FIG. 5 shows that the inner wall 21 is located obliquely to the base surface 12.

6, the inner wall 21 is located at an acute angle β to the plane E2, which is formed by the transition 18 of the sliding surface 20 to the inner wall 21 and parallel to the plane E1. The angle β in this case is 18 °.

In FIG. 6, the tongue 8 has a height dimension H1 approximately corresponding to the height H2, at which the transition 31 of the step 17 is located to the side 25 of the groove 13. In addition, in FIG. 6, a bevel 22 or a chamfer of the joint surface 28.1, which / which adjacent to the side 15 of the groove 13.

7 shows a groove 10 divided into two circumferentially shaped portions of a portion L1, L2. Section L1 has a radius R2, which corresponds to the radius R1 of the sliding surface 20 and is smaller than the radius R3 of the larger section L2.

On figa shows the connected floor panels 200, 200 '. The tongue 8 is located inside the recess 27 of the reciprocal panel, and the lower protrusion 26 of the ridge 24, similarly to FIG. 4, forms a gap 29 with the groove 10, and at the transition 18 of the inner wall 21 to the sliding surface 20, a linear contact 41. In the lowermost part 43 of the groove 10, its edge 42 is visible in the form of a point. In particular, it is seen that the groove 10 despite the sections L1, L2 in the form of a part of a circle (Fig. 7) continuously rises to the ledge 17.

8b, solid wood floor panels 300, 300 ′ are shown before and after inserting the ridge 24 into the groove 13. The dash-dotted panel 300 is indicated in its inclined position, in which the ridge 24 slides along its smoothly rounded ledge 17. In this, In position, the lower protrusion 26 still rests on the edge 48 formed by the upper surface 44 of the tongue 8 and the sliding surface 20. When the ridge 24 is inserted deeper into the groove 13, the round protrusion 26 also slides along the sliding surface 20 and lowers in the direction of the groove 10 until the described gap 29 occurs there. Between the protrusion 26 and the transition 18 of the sliding surface 20 to the inner wall 21, an additional clearance 30. It has a maximum value of 0.14 mm with a panel thickness of 14 mm.

In Fig. 9, the floor panel 100, 100 '(also applies to the floor panel 200, 200') is shown in section BB of FIG. The three-layer panel 100, 100 'has an additional locking means 6 (Fig. 9 on the left) in the form of a trapezoidal head 48 located on the lateral surface 1.2 and adjacent to it a grooved recess 49 bounded by a tongue 51.

As shown in FIG. 10, the head 48 has a trapezoid base surface 35 that extends plane-parallel to the base surface 12 and two inclined side walls 36, 56 adjacent to it. The outer side wall 36 of the head 48 passes into the step 38.2 of the butt surface 64.2. The recess 49 has a side 65 perpendicular to the base surface 12, located opposite the side wall 56 of the head 48.

Accordingly, the recess 49 has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, the base 67 of which is larger than the width 66 in the light of the recess 49. In addition, to facilitate insertion into the groove 34 of the response panel, the head 48 is beveled on both sides (not shown) in its lowermost part.

The second side surface 2.2 (on the right in FIG. 9) includes a locking means 16 compatible with the locking means 6, supporting the locking console 33 protruding beyond the panel mating surface 64.1, ending with an upwardly trapezoidal tongue 51.

An open groove 34 is milled in the locking console 33. It has a bottom 39 parallel to the base surface 12 of the floor panel and two sides 52.1, 52.2, which are inclined so that the groove 34 tapers up. In this case, the ledge 38.1 of the joint surface 64.1 adjoins the lateral side 52.1. Groove 34 is made in the form of an almost isosceles trapezoid.

Both ledges 38.1, 38.2 extend parallel to the base surface 12 of the panel and are slightly offset relative to each other due to the fact that the size along the height of the butt surface 64.1 slightly exceeds the size along the height of the butt surface 64.2.

In the connected state (Fig. 11), a joint 50 is formed with a groove-crest (“dovetail” connection), in which the sides 52.1, 52.2 of the groove 34 are pressed against the side walls 36, 56 of the head 48. However, between the two ledges 38.1, 38.2 there is a gap 37, and between the surface 35 of the base of the trapezoid and the bottom 39 of the groove 34 - an additional gap 60.

When the wood material swells, the size of the gap 37 and the second gap 60 approaches zero.

The task of both gaps 37, 60 is to compensate for changes in the size of the laid floor panels. The steps 38.1, 38.2 stabilize the resulting dovetail joint 32 perpendicular to the front surface 11 and protect the butt surfaces from destructive pressure during moisture-related changes in the size of the wood material. The size of the gaps 37, 60 is negligible and in this case is 0.1-0.2 mm.

12 shows the connection of massive floor panels 300, 300 ′ with short sides. When the panel 300 ′ is rotated downward about the rotation axis X, the head 48 is pressed into the groove 34 of the reciprocal panel until a connection 50 with the notch-comb geometrical closure occurs, as in FIG. 11. The rotation axis X runs parallel to the long side of the panels and is formed by their interacting parts, namely, by means of the lower semicircular protrusion 26 of one panel and the sliding surface 20 of the counter panel. The rotation axis X is not necessarily a straight line in a geometric sense, but may also be called the range of rotation axes.

Claims (16)

1. A slab-shaped rectangular building panel (100; 200; 300) having:
- front surface (11),
- the opposite to the front surface (11) of the base surface (12),
- two profiled first side surfaces parallel to each other (1.1, 2.1) and two others perpendicular to them, also profiled second side surfaces parallel to each other (1.2, 2.2), and all side surfaces (1.1, 2.1; 1.2, 2.2) are bounded by the front surface (11) and the base surface (12),
- at least one pair of building panels made on the lateral surfaces (1.2, 2.2) of the building panel, compatible with each other and interacting with each other in the laid state locking means (9, 19) for releasably connecting the same building panels to each other,
moreover, the blocking means (9, 19) located on the lateral surfaces (1.1, 2.1) of the building panel after connecting to the same building panel form a connection (40) with a notch-comb geometric closure,
- in which the locking means (9) includes a trapezoidal groove narrowing in the direction of its bottom (14) (13) having a first side (15) substantially parallel to the front surface (11), an inclined second side (25) opposite to it ), and the second side side (25) of the groove through the rounded ledge (17) goes into the lower relative to the said groove (13) lying outside the locking means (9) of the groove (10) located on the protruding beyond the groove (13) and ending with the tongue ( 8) the shelf (4), and the tongue (8) is bounded by a flat inner the morning wall (21) and the free surface (44) located plane parallel to the base surface (12),
- and in which the locking means (19) also includes a trapezoidal ridge (24) included in the groove (13), which, moreover, goes into an approximately semicircular protrusion (26) directed to the base surface (12) for placement in said groove (10), with a semicircular protrusion (26) adjacent to the recess (27), which includes the tongue (8),
characterized in that
- the inner wall (21) of the tongue (8) from one side reaches the rounded sliding surface (20) facing the groove (10) and adjacent to the free surface (44) of the tongue (8), and from the other side to the edge (42) the groove (10) lying in the lowest (closest to the base surface (20) part (43) of the groove (10), so that it continuously rises from its edge (42) to a rounded ledge (17),
- in this case, after the ridge (24) is inserted into the groove (13), the protrusion (26) is placed in the groove (10) so that between the protrusion (26) and the transition (18) of the inner wall (21) to the sliding surface (20), The clearance (30) approaching the zero value or a linear contact (41) is formed. 2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall (21) is perpendicular or inclined to the base surface (12). 3. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (17) is located between the groove (10) and the plane (E1) extending perpendicular to the front surface (11), formed as a continuation of the butt surface (28.1) of the panel. 4. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall (21) is located at an acute angle (β) to the plane (E2) formed by the transition (18) of the sliding surface (20) to the inner wall (21) and located parallel to the aforementioned plane (E1). 5. The panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle (β) is 1-45 °, preferably 16-20 °, in particular mainly 18 ° with a tolerance of ± 0.5 °. 6. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap (30) has a value of 0.01-0.20 mm 7. The panel according to claim 6, characterized in that the gap (30) is a maximum of 0.14 mm. 8. The panel according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that a linear contact (41) occurs at the transition (18). 9. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the tongue (8) has a size (H1) in height, approximately corresponding to the height (H2), on which there is a transition (31) of the ledge (17) to the side (25) of the groove ( 13). 10. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (10) is divided into two circumferentially shaped portions of the section (L1, L2), of which the section (L1) has a radius (R2) equal to the radius (R1) of the surface (20 ) slip. 11. The panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the section (L2) of the groove (10) has a radius (R3) in excess of the radius (R2). 12. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made massive. 13. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is multilayer. 14. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a wall, ceiling or floor panel. 15. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a furniture panel. 16. A surface coating consisting of docked building panels according to one of claims 1 to 13.

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