RU2653207C2 - Structural panels with internal compensation gaps - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a wooden panel. Panel comprises a front, a supporting and four side surfaces, as well as a pair of first and second locking means, of which the first locking means with the building panels in the docked state form a hook connection, and the second means are a groove-and-tongue connection. In the hook connection, one locking means has a fixing bracket, the other locking means has a head engaging in the groove of the fixing bracket. On one side the bracket groove ends with a free edge surface, and on the other hand ends with a ledge. In the docked state, the first gap is formed between the two ledges located one above the other and the side wall of the groove, and a second gap is formed between the supporting surface of the head and the base of the groove. In the groove-and-tongue joint internal compensation gaps are provided.

EFFECT: technical result of the invention is to avoid deformation of the panel during its operation.

10 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a rectangular building panel of wood and / or wood material, containing:

The front surface and the supporting surface lying opposite to the front surface,

four side surfaces bounded by the front surface and the supporting surface,

a pair of first and second locking means located on the side surfaces of the building panel and interacting in a laid state,

moreover, the building panel is made with the possibility of fixation using the first and second locking means in at least one laying plane defined by the supporting surface,

moreover, the first locking means in the docked state of the building panels form a hook connection, and the second locking means form a groove-comb connection,

moreover, with the specified hook connection, one of the locking means has a locking console extending beyond the joint surface of the building panel and ending with a protruding edge, while the second locking means has a head included in the multifaceted groove of the fixing console perpendicular to the supporting surface,

moreover, the head with its frontal surface passes into a ledge, which in turn adjoins the butt surface directed perpendicular to the front surface,

moreover, the groove of the fixing console on one side goes to the free surface of the edge facing from the supporting surface, and on the other hand goes into the ledge,

moreover, the ledge passes into the butt surface, reaching the front surface,

moreover, in the docked state between the two benches lying on each other, the first gap is formed,

moreover, in the docked state of the building panels between the supporting surface of the head and the base of the groove, a second gap is formed.

A building panel of the type described in the introductory part is known from the Applicant Utility Model DE 20 2010002333 U1. This well-known building panel is a multilayer floor covering panel containing at least a pair of Velcro-bonded joint elements, as well as additional locking means that can stabilize the resulting panel joint, however, only along the narrow edges of the floor covering panels. As additional locking means, among other things, ledges compatible with each other on the side surfaces, as well as the trapezoidal groove of the fixing console and the head, can be considered. The ledges on the lateral surfaces that are aligned with each other and run parallel to the bottom surface of the floor panel form a slight gap due to which moisture-induced deformations, in particular, height differences, can be compensated. Between the base of the groove of the fixing console and the surface of the head facing the base of the groove, there is free space for the placement of Velcro-type connecting elements lying on top of each other. However, the bonded elements of the connection type Velcro, as you know, are elastic and make it difficult to ensure a sufficiently stable connection, so that, despite the provided clearance, on the front surface of the floor panels connected to each other, skew can occur. The elasticity of Velcro-type joint elements made of plastic is further enhanced by adhesive strips or surfaces. In addition, the different expansion coefficients of wood material and plastic should be taken into account. Thus, the elements of the connection type Velcro, in principle, are not able to ensure the stability of the connection panels in the vertical direction.

In addition, from FR 2278876, a hook-like connection of two square building panels is known in which the head is inserted with mutual deformation into a groove compatible with it, so that after joining, a geometric closure is obtained in which the groove is completely occupied by the head. This embodiment is suitable for producing a building panel made in the form of a molded part of elastic plastic or rubber. For building panels made of wood or wood material, this option seems unsuitable, since these materials do not have sufficient elastic properties that would allow such a strong deformation. In addition, the publication FR 2278876 does not reflect an adequate level of technology.

There is also a method of docking furniture parts with a so-called dovetail-type joint. A dovetail joint is a geometrical closure having a groove and a ridge that resembles a dovetail in shape. The slanted sides of this dovetail act in this case according to the principle of a wedge, increasing force. In contrast to a simple groove-tongue joint, such a dovetail joint is able to transmit not only transverse forces, but also tensile forces.

The objective of the invention is to develop a laminar-shaped building panel, in particular a floor covering panel of the type initially considered, which is made of wood and / or wood material and by which, by simple laying, it is possible to create a skew-free floor covering and, if necessary, dismantle it.

This problem is solved by means of a building panel of the kind indicated at the beginning, in which

compensation grooves are provided in the groove-comb connection,

of which one compensation clearance is located between the semicircular protrusion extending from the ridge and the transition of the concave locking slot located on one shelf of the other side surface to the protruding edge,

and, on the contrary, the second compensation gap is located between the ridge and the lower side wall of the groove located on this side surface.

By such a construction panel can be understood a facing panel, in particular a floor covering panel. Walls, ceilings or facades of buildings may also be lined with such a building panel. According to the principle according to the invention, furniture panels can also be manufactured.

In the following description, the term “building panel” is replaced by “flooring panel” and, accordingly, “counter panel”, which should not be understood as limiting the laying of the flooring.

The flooring panel according to the invention has two pairs of profiled side surfaces perpendicular to each other, of which one pair of side surfaces is located on the longitudinal sides, and the other pair is on the narrow sides of the flooring panel.

At the same time, at least located on narrow sides compatible with each other side surfaces can have locking means which, when docked, the floor panels form the hook connection.

The locking means compensate for changes in the size of the wood material in the hook area. These changes in size can occur under the influence of changes in temperature and humidity in the room.

The use of heads on narrow sides greatly simplifies the installation of the floor, since these heads should only be pressed into the grooves without additional work steps.

Other locking means related to the longitudinal side surfaces are made according to the principle of a groove-comb connection, in which one side surface has a groove extending beyond the joint surface and also a protrusion facing the supporting surface, and the opposite side surface has a shelf that extends beyond the joint surface is provided with an outgoing edge and in which a concave locking socket is made, which, in turn, engages a protrusion of the counter panel.

The floor panels according to the invention can be made of wood, wood material, plastic or metal, namely in solid or multi-layer construction. In addition, flooring panels can be made of timber or of the so-called high density fiberboard or of medium density fiberboard, or of other materials that are combinations of wood and polymer.

This invention is directed, in particular, to the implementation of solid wood. Wooden floors are generally durable and able to withstand the load. A distinctive feature of a wooden floor is its ability to absorb moisture and give back, and as a result - to swell and dry out. Plastic, rubber or rubber floors do not possess these properties.

Massive wood provides all the positive properties: air ionization, indoor climate control, protection against electrostatic discharge and dust attraction, and also has anti-allergenic effect.

Both ledges, located on top of each other in the docked state, can be designated as an additional locking means, by which the pressure of the vertical butt surfaces on each other can be reduced in case of moisture in the wood material, and thereby possible damage to the joint due to swelling of the wood is prevented or wood material. The advantage is that the ledges lying on top of each other form a slight gap. The same effect can be achieved by placing the protrusion lying at the groove of the fixing console in the groove of the counter panel, if this groove of the counter panel lies on the outer side surface of the head and under the butt surface. The mentioned gap can be obtained between the upper surface of the ledge of the floor panel facing the front surface and the upper side wall of the groove on the head of the counter panel.

The great advantage of the construction according to the invention is that it is especially suitable for use especially for solid wood panels, since they are known to be particularly sensitive to changes in humidity.

The features of this invention may also be directed to multilayer flooring panels. Such multilayer flooring panels comprise, for example, a backing layer of solid wood, a core layer of wood material and a working layer of solid wood, the surface of which is usually to be treated with, for example, an oil substance or wax.

The following local woods can be used, among other things, for the flooring panel according to the invention, but also particularly resistant tropical woods: ash maple, American cherry (black cherry), black walnut, false-maple, birch, pear, beech, bubinga, cabreuva, Kumaru, diamond tree (guatambu), Dussia (afzelia superior), oak, alder, ash, eucalyptus, European cherry, Hevea, Ipe, Iroko, Jatoba, Kempas, larch, mahogany, Merbau (Borneo Teak), Guiburtia Arnold, Nyangon , paduk, rosewood, brazilian oak, pine and yellow, red pine, sucupira, tali-missanda, ash-leaved astronium, wenge (panga-panga).

Responsible and renewable forest timber is marked with the seal of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

The Brinell hardness of the above wood species lies in the range between 43 N / mm ² (false-maple maple) and 90 N / mm ² (sucupira).

Finally, the present invention also relates to a topcoat consisting of stacked building panels of the aforementioned type. Such a topcoat may be a floor, wall or ceiling cladding, facade cladding or furniture wall.

Examples of the implementation of the present invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings show the following:

FIG. 1 is a panel of a floor covering according to the invention, a top view of its flat side;

FIG. 2 is a section along B-B in FIG. one;

FIG. 3a and 3b, on an enlarged scale, a fragment of two flooring panels in the region of their narrow sides before joining and after it, in a section;

FIG. 4 is another embodiment of a flooring panel, also in section along B-B in FIG. one;

FIG. 5a and 5b show, on an enlarged scale, a fragment of the two floor panels of FIG. 4 in the area of their narrow sides before docking and after it, in section;

FIG. 5c is the one shown in FIG. 5b is a fragment with indicated pressure forces in the resulting dovetail compound;

FIG. 6a is a section along A-A in FIG. one;

FIG. 6b - shown in FIG. 6a section with marked radii;

FIG. 7a and 7b are two floor panels of FIG. 6a and 6b, before laying on and after the base, is a schematic sectional view;

FIG. 8 - on an enlarged scale, a fragment of two joined flooring panels in the region of their longitudinal sides, in cross section;

FIG. 9a - two flooring panels with rectangular grooves and additional snap-in locking elements, during installation, schematically in section;

FIG. 9b shows the floor panels of FIG. 9b after laying, schematically in section, on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 10 - on an enlarged scale, a fragment of two interconnected floor panels with a trapezoidal head and additional snap-in locking elements, in a section, on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 11a and 11b are two three-layer flooring panels with a trapezoidal head, however with stabilizing elements placed on the head and in the groove of the fixing console, before and after installation, is schematically a sectional view;

FIG. 12 - two three-layer flooring panels with a trapezoidal, isosceles head and stiffness profiles, when laid, schematically in section;

FIG. 13a and 13b are two three-layer flooring panels with a different head and with stiffness profiles, before and after installation, schematically in section;

FIG. 14 - two three-layer panels of the floor covering in another embodiment, with a head and with stiffness profiles, in the laid state, schematically in section.

In FIG. 1 shows a rectangular panel 100, 100 'of the floor covering, a schematic top view of its front surface 11. The panel 100, 100' of the floor covering has two parallel side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 and two side surfaces 1.2, 2.2 lying perpendicular to these side surfaces 1.1 , 2.1, and the side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 are located on the longitudinal sides, and the side surfaces 1.2, 2.2 are located on the narrow sides of the floor panel. The schematic plan view shown in FIG. 1 applies to all other embodiments of the present invention.

Details of the side surfaces 1.2, 2.2; 1.2, 2.2 in FIG. 1 are not shown due to the schematic of the image. They will be discussed in the description of other drawings. In FIG. 1 shows several differing embodiments of flooring panels, these differences between the embodiments affecting only the narrow sides of the flooring panels.

For a better understanding of the considered embodiments, the following concepts used in connection with the drawings are explained below:

- “hook connection” is obtained by simply lowering the head perpendicular to the floor plane and introducing it into the groove of the fixing console; at the same time, the protruding edge of this fixing console sits in the recess of the counter panel so that it presses on the head there;

- a “dovetail-type joint” is part of said hook joint, in which the head is trapezoidal and fits into the groove of the locking console with an almost geometric closure; such a connection with a geometric closure is achieved due to the mutual pressing pressure of the sides of the groove of the fixing console and the side surfaces of the head;

- “front surface”, otherwise called a load-bearing surface (Trittfläche), corresponds to the upper side of the floor covering panels formed after installation, corresponding to their working layer;

- "supporting surface" corresponds to the lower side of the floor panel opposite its front surface;

- “butt surface”, respectively, “butt” in this case refers to two planes of the side surfaces that are in contact with each other and directed perpendicular to the front and, accordingly, the supporting surface, in particular the working layer;

- “mating panel” is a flooring panel that interacts with others and has the same design. In this case, these response panels are indicated by reference numerals 100 ′, 200 ′, 300 ′, 400 ′, 500 ′, 600 ′, 700 ′ and 800 ′;

- "side surface" is a surface that is limited by the front and supporting surfaces of the flooring panel and starts from their edges;

- the term "internal compensation clearance" refers to the additional clearance, which in this case occurs when the groove-comb is connected. The internal compensation clearance is shown by double arrows extending perpendicularly or obliquely to the abutment surface (see FIG. 8).

Such concepts as “top”, “upper”, “bottom”, “lower”, “lowest”, “under”, “above”, “left”, “right”, etc., refer to those shown in the drawings flooring panels that are laid on a horizontal base 26.

The floor panel 100, 100 'is shown in detail in FIG. 2, 3a and 3b. It is made of solid wood, in this case, steamed beech wood. One side surface 1.2 (the left side of FIG. 2) comprises first locking means 6 having a locking console 20 extending beyond the joint surface 4.1 of the floor panel and ending with a trapezoidal edge 24. This edge 24 has an upper free surface 14 which is located plane parallel to the front surface 11 of the floor panel.

On the fixing console 20, a groove 18 is open at the top, having a groove base 21 located parallel to the supporting surface 12 of the floor panel and two groove side walls 29.1, 29.2, which are tilted so that the groove 18 narrows upward. It follows that the base 21 of the groove is wider than the upper distance A (clearance) between the side walls 29.1, 29.2 of the groove. At the same time, a ledge 38.1 of the joint surface 4.1 adjoins the side wall 29.1 of the groove. The groove 18 in cross section is made in the form of a substantially isosceles trapezoid.

The second side wall 2.2 (the right side of FIG. 2) contains second locking means 16 having a trapezoidal head 48 directed downward, as well as a recess 28, which in turn is engaged with the edge 24. The head 48 has a trapezoid base surface 13 extending plane-parallel supporting surface 12, as well as two inclined surfaces 22, 23 adjacent to the base of the trapezoid — the frontal and rear, which taper up, as well as the side walls 29.1, 29.2 of the groove 18.

The outer side wall 23 of the head 48 passes into the ledge 38.2 of the butt surface 4.2. The recess 28 has a side wall 35 directed perpendicular to the supporting surface 12, which is located opposite the frontal surface 23 of the head 48 and is adjacent to the bottom 17 of the recess.

Accordingly, the recess 28 has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid. The bottom 17 has a width B (see Fig. 2), which exceeds the lumen 33 of the recess 28. In addition, the head 48 in its lowest zone in order to facilitate its insertion into the groove 18 of the counter panel 100 'is beveled on both sides.

Both ledges 38.1, 38.2 extend parallel to the supporting surface 12 of the floor covering panel and are slightly offset from each other due to the fact that the height dimension of the butt surface 4.1 slightly exceeds the height dimension of the butt surface 4.2.

In the docked state (see Fig. 3b), a dovetail type connection 10 is formed with a geometric closure, in which the side walls 29.1, 29.2 of the groove press on the frontal and rear surfaces 22, 23 of the head 48. However, the first remains between the two ledges 38.1, 38.2 the gap 15, and between the surface 13 of the base of the trapezoid and the base 21 of the groove remains the second gap 25. The size of the gap 15; 25 when the wood material swells, it approaches zero.

In addition, there is provided the usual free space 31 between the bottom 17 of the recess 28 and the free surface 14 of the edge 24, as well as another free space 34 between the side wall 35 of the recess 28 and the edge 24.

The objective of the gap 15; 25 is to compensate for dimensional changes in laid flooring panels. The steps 38.1, 38.2 stabilize the resulting dovetail joint perpendicular to the front surface and protect the butt surfaces from destructive pressure during moisture-induced changes in the wood material. The dimensions of the gap 15, 25 are insignificant and in this case lie in the range between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm.

The butt surfaces directed to each other 4.1; 4.2 form a gap 44 (see Fig. 3b), the size of which is from 0.05 to 0.1 mm and has the same task as the gap 15. The location of the gap 44 between the vertical butt surfaces 4.1; 4.2 should, however, be considered as an option. In particular, a gap 44 may occur in the lower zone of the butt surfaces 4.1; 4.2 bordering ledges 38.1, 38.2, if one of the butt surfaces 4.1; 4.2 or even both are slightly tilted and in contact with each other in the upper zone.

In FIG. 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, a floor panel 200, 200 ′ is shown which is very similar to the floor panel 100, 100 ′ already described. In addition, on the floor panel 200, 200 ′, the parts are indicated by the same reference numerals as are already shown in FIG. 1-3b.

The differences between the two embodiments relate to the shape of the head 48 and the edge 24. In the floor panel 200, 200 ', it is provided that the free surface 14 of the edge 24 at its transition 36 into the side wall 29 of the groove 18 has an inclined sliding surface 30, and, on the contrary, the head 48 is free from bevels, i.e. its frontal and rear surfaces 22, 23 pass the surface 13 of the base of the trapezoid through a sharp edge.

You can, of course, additionally provide for bevels and / or fillets at both the edge 24 and the head 48.

Further, in FIG. 5b shows a funnel-shaped groove 8, the tip of which is closed by the contact surfaces 4.1, 4.2 contacting each other. Such grooves 8, when the panels 200, 200 ′ of the floor covering are laid, imitate an unrepresented pattern of visible joints running parallel to each other. Such an embodiment can facilitate cleaning and dust removal from grooves imitating joints.

In FIG. 5c shows the distribution of forces in the region of the dovetail type joint 10. F1 denotes a substantially horizontal clamping force. F2 and F3 denote the horizontal forces on both sides of the dovetail joint. Forces or corresponding pressures prevent movement in the laying plane E parallel to the longitudinal side of the flooring panel and perpendicular to the laying plane E.

In addition, in FIG. 5c shows the following angles:

- the angle ζ between the side wall 29.1 of the groove and the vertical 37 (perpendicular to the supporting surface 12). The angle ζ lies between 4 ° and 5 °;

- the angle ϕ is the angle of inclination between the side walls 22, 23 of the head 48. The angle ϕ is 8 °;

- the angle ω between the side wall 29.2 of the groove and the vertical 39 (perpendicular to the supporting surface 12). The angle ω lies between 1 ° and 2 °.

The angles ζ, ϕ and ω are different for different side walls, respectively, of the side walls of the groove.

In FIG. 9a and 9b show floor panels 300, 300 ′ in which the head 48 in cross section is not trapezoidal, but rectangular, except for the bevels 68, 69. Similarly, the groove 18 of the fixing console 20 is substantially rectangular. On the outer frontal surface 22 of the head 48, a groove 61 extends along the floor covering panel 300, into which a protrusion 62 of the counter panel 400 'extends beyond the side wall 29.2 of the groove 18 (see Fig. 9b).

The outer frontal surface 22 of the head 48 is shifted back relative to its butt surface 4.2. The same applies to the groove 18 of the fixing console 20, in which the side wall 29.2 of the groove is likewise offset backward relative to its butt surface 4.1.

The floor panel 300 with its head 48 is inserted into the groove 18 of the counter panel 300 'with little force so that the bevels 68, 69 of the head 48 slide along the bevels 70, 30 of the counter panel 300'. Edge 24 is slightly deformed. After passing the protrusion 62, the head 48 pops into the groove 18.

In the docked state (see Fig. 9b), a hook connection 10 is formed in which the side walls 29.1, 29.2 of the groove are in contact with the frontal and rear surfaces 22, 23 of the head 48 and, accordingly, press on them. The edge 24 presses on the head 48. The resulting hook connection 10 can also be called a snap connection.

Here, too, there is a first gap 15 between the side wall 63 of the groove 61 and the protrusion 62 and a second gap 25 between the head 48 and the base 21 of the groove.

Gap 15; 25 provides the ability to compensate for dimensional changes in the material. The step 38.1, respectively, the protrusion 62 stabilize the obtained hook connection 10 perpendicular to the front surface 11 and protects the butt surfaces from excessive pressure with moisture-related changes in the size of the wood material.

With this design principle, the protrusion 62 and the groove 61 as a special blocking element provide a stable hook connection, complicating the vertical separation of the laid floor panels.

In FIG. 11a and 11b show floor panels 400, 400 'of a three-layer structure that are almost identical to panels 100, 100', respectively, 200, 200 'of a floor covering, therefore, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. However, the head 48 on its lower surface 13 has a groove 64 having a triangular cross section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the butt surface 4.2. Accordingly, the base 21 of the groove 18 has a protrusion 65 compatible with the groove 64, which, in the docked state (see Fig. 11b), engages with this groove 64. The groove 64 with the protrusion 65 spring when the head is pressed on the fixing console 20 and compensate arising deformations. The floor panel 400, 400 ′ has a working layer 5 of solid wood, a core layer 3 of wood material and a support layer 7 of solid wood.

In FIG. 10 shows floor panels 500, 500 ′ in which the head 48 and the groove 18 are in the form of a rectangular trapezoid in cross section. This trapezoid tapers towards the lower surface 13 of the head. Accordingly, the inner side surface 23 of the head 48 is inclined relative to the perpendicular to the supporting surface 12 at an acute angle α. This angle α in this case is about 20 ° and may vary based on experience. It also shows the first gap 15 between the side wall 63 of the groove 61 and the protrusion 62 and the second gap 25 between the head 48 and the base 21 of the groove.

In FIG. 12 is a modified embodiment (600, 600 ′) of the floor panels shown in FIG. 11a, 11b. In addition, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Rigidity profiles (C-shaped profile) 66.1, 66.2 are placed in the core layer 3 in such a way that the middle jumper 71 of this C-shaped profile lies flush with the surface 72 of the core layer 3, and both flanges 73.1, 73.2 of the C-shaped profile face in the direction support layer 7. The stiffness profiles 66.1, 66.2 are made, for example, of aluminum. Preferably, these stiffness profiles 66.1, 66.2 extend parallel to and adjacent to the butt surface 4.1, 4.2. Shelf 73.2 C-shaped profile 66.2 stiffness is engaged with engagement in the material of the head 48.

Rigidity profiles 66.1, 66.2 can also be made in the form of "T" -, "G" - or "I" -shaped profiles. Metals, hard plastics such as carbene (Polycarbon) and others, resins and hardwood materials are also suitable materials for stiffness profiles.

The principle of increasing stiffness using the same C-shaped profiles is also shown in FIG. 13a and 13b, as well as in FIG. fourteen.

In FIG. 13a, 13b, three-layer floor panels 700, 700 'are shown with a modified cross section of the hook joint 10. The head 48 in its cross section is substantially parallelogram-shaped, with the outer and inner front and rear surfaces 22, 23 of the head inclined at the same angle. In accordance with this, the groove 18 of the fixing console 20, i.e. it also takes the form of a parallelogram. The side walls 29.1, 29.2 of the groove are parallel to each other. In addition, a ledge 38.2 is visible in the transition region of the butt surface 4.1 to the head 48, as well as a second, beveled ledge 38.1 at the groove 18.

In FIG. 14 shows floor panels 800, 800 ′ in a modified embodiment. These floor panels 800, 800 ′ also consist of three layers, as described in connection with FIG. 11. The hook connection here has its simplest form. The head 48 with a geometric closure is placed in the groove 18 with a lower gap 25. The outer side 22 of the head 48 lies flush with the butt surface 4.1. In the same way, the side wall 29.2 of the groove 18 of the fixing console 20 is flat and lies flush with the butt surface 4.2. Edge 24 presses on head 48.

All panels described above are 100, 100 '; 200, 200 ', 300, 300'; 400, 400 '; 500, 500 '; 600, 600 ', 700, 700'; 800, 800 'of the floor covering, their remaining lateral surfaces 1.1, 2.1 lying on the longitudinal sides have means 9; 19 locks, which form shown in FIG. 8 connection 40 groove-crest. Details of these facilities 9; 19 locks are shown in detail in FIG. 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b.

So in FIG. 6a shows a floor panel 200, 200 ′ in cross-section along A-A in FIG. 1, in which side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 lying on the longitudinal sides of the floor panel are visible. The lateral surface 2.1 comprises, starting from the front surface 11, a butt surface 41.1, a groove 32 and a lower shelf 42 protruding beyond the butt surface 41.1 and ending with an upward facing edge 43.

On the shelf 42, you can see a concave, open at the top of the locking slot 45, which on one side is adjacent to the lower side wall 46.1 of the groove 32, and on the other side is adjacent to the upper free surface 47 of the edge 43. This free surface 47 of the edge 43 obliquely decreases in the direction of the locking nests 45. The upper side wall 46.2 of the groove 32 lies parallel to the lower side wall 46.1 of the groove. The groove 32 has a groove base 49, which is offset back relative to the joint surface 41.1 and on both sides passes through the bevels 55.1, 55.2 into the side walls 46.1, 46.2 of the groove.

The opposite side surface 1.1, starting from the front surface 11, comprises a butt surface 41.2, a ridge 51 corresponding to the groove 32, protruding beyond the butt surface 41.2, and a substantially semicircular protrusion 52 directed downward. A recess 50 is adjacent to the protrusion 52, into which the edge 43 enters with engagement. The recess 50 is limited by a protrusion 52 located parallel to the supporting surface 12 with the bottom 53 and the lower wall surface 54 extending perpendicular to the supporting surface 12. The crest 51 has two bevels 56.1, 56.2. The crest may also be in the form of a non-symmetrical trapezoid (not shown).

The comb 51 and the groove 32 form the first locking means 9. The lower protrusion 52 and the locking slot 45 with the edge 43 form the second locking means 19 (see Fig. 8).

In FIG. 6b shows the part numbers shown in FIG. 6a. Shown are the radii R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 of rounding of the side surfaces 1.1, 2.1, the radius R1 referring to the transition 57 of the lower side wall 46.2 of the groove to the locking slot 45, the radius R2 refers to the middle region of the concave locking slot 45, the radius R3 refers to the left region of the locking slot 45, and the radius R4 refers to the transition 58 of the locking slot 45 to the free surface 47 of the edge 43.

The radius R5 (on the lateral surface 1.1) refers to the left side of the lower protrusion 52. The radius R6 refers to the middle region of the protrusion 52, and the radius R7 refers to the transition 59 of the ridge 51 to the protrusion 52.

The concave shape of the locking slot 45 is not a regular semicircle, since its radii R2, R3 have different values. The same applies to the downward protrusion 52. Preferably, this protrusion 52 has three arched sections with different radii.

Preferably, the radius R2 (middle region of the locking slot 45) and R6 (middle region of the protrusion 52) are approximately equal.

Radii have the following meanings:

R1: 0.5 mm

R2: 2.1 mm

R3: 12.1 mm

R4: 1.0 mm

R5: 0.5 mm

R6: 2.4mm

R7: 1.0 mm

The thickness of the massive panel 200, 200 'of the floor covering is in this case 14 mm. The thickness range is between 8 mm and 30 mm.

In FIG. 7a shows floor panels 200, 200 ′ during laying on the base 26 (= laying plane E). The floor panel 200 ′ with its crest 51 is inserted into the groove 32 of the already installed mating panel 200 so that the crest slides 56.2 along the rounded transition 57 of the lower side wall 46.2 of the groove to the locking slot 45, and the lower protrusion 52 slides along the inclined upper surface 47 edges 43 until the ridge 51 fits completely into the groove 32 and the protrusion 52 into the locking slot 45 (see Figs. 7b and 8).

But at the same time, the head 48, starting from the longitudinal side, is more and more pressed into the groove 18 (see Fig. 5a) in such a way that it first slides along the beveled sliding surface 30 and after passing it jumps into the groove 18, until on narrow sides it turns out dovetail type compound 10 (see Fig. 5b).

However, such a pressing of the head 48 into the groove 18 can only be done with difficulty and only due to the flexibility of the fixing console 20. The bearing edge 24 of the fixing console 20 bends with a temporary increase in the clearance of the groove 18. After inserting the head 48 into the groove 18, the return force of the edge 24 causes it to return to the starting position. When the head 48 is pressed in, the said bevels and, accordingly, the sliding surface 30 also play an important role.

As shown in FIG. 8, after laying the panels 200, 200 'of the floor covering between the protrusion 52 and the locking slot 45, a chamber 60 is obtained which has a crescent shape in cross section and tapers in the direction of the edge 43 so that there is a slight compensation between the edge 43 and the left region of the protrusion 52 clearance S1. Another compensation gap S2 lies between the ridge 51 and the lower side wall 46.2 of the groove 32.

Means 9; 19, the interlocks are dimensioned so that after laying the panels in a dry state, compensation clearances, respectively, the clearances between the protrusion 52 and the locking seat 45, may correspond to the expected increase in the size of the floor panels. The expected increase in size in this case is about 0.15 mm.

List of reference positions:

1.1, 2.1 lateral surface

1.2, 2.2 side surface

3 core layer

4.1, 4.2 butt surface

5 working layer

6 means of blocking

7 backing layer

8 groove

9 means of blocking

10 hook connection

11 front surface

12 abutment surface

13 base surface

14 free surface (item 24)

15 clearance

16 means of blocking

17 bottom (pos. 28)

18 groove

19 locking means

20 fixing console

21 groove base (key 18)

22 frontal surface

23 back surface

24 edge

25 clearance

26 base

28 notch

29.1, 29.2 side wall of the groove (key 18)

30 sliding surface

31 free space

32 groove

33 clearance (key 28)

34 free space

35 side wall (key 28)

36 transition (pos. 14)

37 vertical

38.1, 38.2 ledge

39 vertical

40 groove-comb connection

41.1, 41.2 butt surface

42 regiment

43 edge

44 clearance

45 lock slot

46.1, 46.2 side wall of the groove (key 32)

47 free surface (pos. 43)

48 head

49 groove base (key 32)

50 notch

51 crest

52 ledge

53 bottom

54 wall surface (item 50)

55.1, 55.2 bevel (key 32)

56.1, 56.2 bevel (pos. 51)

57 transition

58 transition

59 transition

60 camera

61 groove

62 ledge

63 side wall of the groove (key 61)

64 groove

65 protrusion

66.1, 66.2 stiffness profile

67 bevel

68 bevel

69 bevel

70 bevel

71 middle jumper

72 surface (item 3)

73.1, 73.2 C-profile shelf

100, 100 'flooring panel (counter panel)

200, 200 'flooring panel (counter panel)

300, 300 'flooring panel (counter panel)

400, 400 'floor panel (counter panel)

500, 500 'floor panel (counter panel)

600, 600 'floor panel (counter panel)

700, 700 'flooring panel (counter panel)

800, 800 'flooring panel (counter panel)

A distance

B width (item 17)

E laying plane

F1, F2, F3 downforce

α, ζ, ϕ, ω angle

R1, R2, R3, R4 radius (at side surface 2.1)

R5, R6, R7 radius (at the side surface 2.2)

S1, S2 compensation clearance

Claims (24)

1. A rectangular building panel (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800) of wood and / or wood material, containing: the front surface (11) and the supporting surface (12) lying opposite to this front surface (11), four side surfaces (1.1, 2.1; 1.2, 2.2), which are limited by the front surface (11) and the supporting surface (12), a pair of first and second means (6, 16; 9, 19) of blocking located on the lateral surfaces of the building panel and interacting in a laid state, moreover, the building panels (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800) are made with the possibility of securing, using the first and second means (6, 16; 9, 19), blocking in at least one plane (E) laying defined by the supporting surface (12), moreover, the first locking means (6, 16) in the docked state of the building panels form a hook connection (10), and the second locking means (9, 19) form a groove-comb connection (40), moreover, in said hook connection (10), one locking means (6) has a locking console (20) extending beyond the joint surface (4.1) of the building panel and ending with a protruding edge (24), while the other locking means (16) has a head (48), entering with engagement in the multifaceted groove (18) of the fixing console (20) perpendicular to the supporting surface (12), moreover, the head (48) with its frontal surface (22) passes into a ledge (38.2), which in turn adjoins the butt surface (4.2) directed perpendicular to the front surface (11), moreover, the groove (18) of the fixing console (20) on the one hand goes into the free surface (14) of the edge (24) facing away from the support surface (12), and on the other hand ends with a step (38.1), which goes into the butt surface (4.1) reaching the front surface (11), moreover, in the docked state between the two parallel steps (38.1, 38.2), the first gap (15) is formed, moreover, in the docked state of the building panels between the surface (13) of the base of the head (48) and the base (21) of the groove (18), a second gap (25) is formed, characterized in that in the connection (40) the groove-comb are provided with internal compensation clearances (S1; S2), of which one compensation gap (S1) is located between the semicircular protrusion (52), starting from the ridge (51), and the transition (58) located on the shelf (42) of the other lateral surface (2.1) of the concave locking slot (60) to the protruding edge ( 43) the second compensation gap (S2) is located between the ridge (51) and the lower side wall (46.2) of the groove (32) available in the side surface (2.1). 2. A building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the snap joint (10) has snap-in locking elements in the form of a groove (61) extending in the frontal surface (22) of the head (48) and a protrusion (62) that exits behind the side wall (29.2) of the groove (18) of the fixing console (20) and engages with the groove in the groove (61) of the head (48). 3. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that this construction panel (100; 200; 300; 500) is made of solid wood. 4. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that this construction panel (400; 600; 700; 800) is multilayer. 5. The construction panel according to claim 4, characterized in that this construction panel (400; 600; 700; 800) has a core layer (3) of wood material, a working layer (5) of hardwood and a support layer (7) from solid wood. 6. A building panel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one stiffness profile (66.1, 66.2) is integrated in the core layer (3). 7. The construction panel according to claim 6, characterized in that the stiffness profile (66.1, 66.2) has a "C" -, "T" -, "G" - or "U" -shaped cross-sectional shape or made of strip steel. 8. The construction panel according to claim 6, characterized in that the stiffness profile (66.1, 66.2) is made of metal or, accordingly, a metal alloy, plastic or wood material. 9. The construction panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the stiffness profile (66.1, 66.2) is made of metal or, accordingly, a metal alloy, plastic or wood material. 10. Wall cladding, flooring or a flat furniture element, for example, a furniture wall made of docked building panels (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9.

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