RU2510635C2 - Non-detachable construction curb - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction industry, in particular, to one of types of construction equipment - non-detachable curb with lining external surfaces from slabs, for use in monolithic housing construction. A non-detachable construction curb comprises external and internal slabs, installed at a certain distance from each other to from an inner volume for installation of reinforcement and filling with construction filler, and connecting links between the slabs. Links are made as connected pairwise metal brackets, each of which is at one side fixed on the inner surface of one slab, and end parts of brackets have 4 strips with engaged teeth, limiting stops and response windows for teeth, at the same time end parts of engaged strips are made of two types, some of them in the tail part have a stepped site, on which there is an engagement tooth and a limiting stop in the form of stamped ledges, and other engaged strips have response rectangular windows for engaged teeth, at the same time edges of engaged strips, on which there are teeth, have flanging with width of 5-7 mm, bent by 8-10° from the plane of the bracket shelf towards the opposite side from the tooth.

EFFECT: provision of reliable fixation of facing boards and preservation of parameters of a slab-to-slab gap when filled with concrete and other fillers.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction industry, in particular, to the production and use in construction of one of the formwork forms - fixed formwork with external facing surfaces made of plates made, for example, of natural fibrous materials, artificial wood chipboards, intended for use in monolithic housing construction.

Known wall structure (see patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 20112, 05/18/2011, IPC Е04В 1/00) for buildings of frame-monolithic type, containing a supporting frame formed by vertical and horizontal frame elements fastened at their intersections, with double-sided cladding-formwork, the inner space of which is filled with filler. In this device, the vertical frame elements are made in the form of racks from a single or double bent profile, for example, a Z-shaped made of galvanized steel. Profile shapes may vary slightly when used in exterior walls, at intersections of walls, at door and window openings. Racks made of a double profile forming a honeycomb structure are attached to horizontal frame elements and are used as an abandoned formwork. Such a wall construction can be used for monolithic frame buildings in the form of removable formwork, and the foam concrete used as a filler, after removal of the removable formwork, is processed with finishing materials. The disadvantages of this design include the complexity of the technological process of preparing and installing formwork at a construction site, as well as the metal consumption of the connecting structural elements of the casing.

Known fixed formwork containing an outer plate and an inner formwork plate, interconnected with the formation of the internal volume to fill with building material (see patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 44717, IPC E04G 9/04, E04G 11/00, 03/27/2005, ) In the well-known fixed formwork, cement-bonded slabs. When erecting walls, slabs are pre-fixed to wooden frames, which are fastened together by bolts, which complicates the installation of walls and increases the time it takes. In addition, the concrete mixture can protrude onto the front surface of the walls and seams at the joints of the formwork and therefore additional cleaning is required, which complicates and increases the cost of construction, and the facade in this case requires additional decorative cladding, which should be attributed to the disadvantages of this type of formwork.

The use of locking elements to connect the outer surfaces allows us to simplify the process of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and reduce installation time. One example of such a technical solution is given below.

A screed device is known (see RF patent 2306391, 04/10/2007, IPC EV04/00) for fixed formwork when creating wall structures, foundations by filling concrete with fixed formwork, which becomes part of the structure. A distinctive feature of this invention is the creation of a coupler for fixed formwork, which has a transverse jumper with transverse grooves for installing reinforcement elements. On each of the edge parts of the bridge there is a limit switch with two spaced apart plates perpendicular to the axis of the bridge and connected by a tie rod. One of the perpendicular plates of each trailer is an end plate. In each trailer there is at least one hole in the end plate, which passes into the extension of the trailer parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bridge. The jumper is made in the form of a plate, expanding towards the limit switches with the formation of stiffeners.

This design of the lock, like many similar devices used in prefabricated formwork removable type, has a significant drawback. The installation of such locks is carried out mainly around the perimeter of the facing plates, which imposes the relevant requirements for the applied outer plates of fixed formwork, this provides the necessary rigidity of the plates, which is associated with the choice of material, thickness and scope of the facing plates. Failure to comply with these requirements leads to a loss in the dimension of the cavity between the plates when filling it with filler (concrete), since the constrictive elements are located around the perimeter of the formwork and are absent in the central zone.

A device of fixed construction formwork is proposed, which is intended for monolithic housing construction, and is made with facing external plates from various technological materials or is equipped with external decorative elements left in place after filling the formwork cavity with filler.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the fixed formwork is made of facing plates interconnected by connecting jumpers equipped with locking devices, and which are evenly placed on the inner surfaces of the plates. This design of the formwork allows for reliable fastening of tiles and preservation of the parameters of the inter-tile cavity when casting with concrete and other fillers. In this formwork, it is possible to use various materials as facing plates, including thin metal sheets, polymer, composite, wood chipboards, and when using boards with high surface quality, the issue of wet finishing of surfaces both indoors and outdoors is removed. It is also possible to use decorative elements for the outer surfaces of the plates, which do not require additional decoration. Design features of such formwork contain prerequisites for optimizing the manufacturing process of formwork parts, equipping with the necessary filling (steel reinforcing mesh, electrical and plumbing equipment) in the factory and be fully prepared for installation on a construction site filled with liquid filler (light and heavy concrete, gypsum) solution, etc.). The possibility of manufacturing and assembling panels in a factory in-line production using wide mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes and reducing finishing work at a construction site ultimately leads to a reduction in construction time.

The design of the claimed fixed construction formwork is presented in the following drawings.

Figure 1 shows a fixed wall panel assembly;

figure 2 - brackets-couplers of panels;

figure 3 - layout of the brackets on the plate.

The fixed formwork (Fig. 1) contains an outer plate 1 and an inner plate 2 fixed to each other by n-jumpers at a certain distance from each other with the formation of an internal volume for installing reinforcement and filling it with building material, such as concrete. The jumpers consist of two symmetrical brackets 3 and 4 interconnected by hooking devices. The brackets are made of 3-5 mm thick sheet steel, each pair of which is fixed to the inner surfaces of the facing plates 1 and 2 opposite each other. The brackets were fixed on the plates by means of fasteners, for which there are 4-5 units of technological holes 5 with a diameter of 6-8 mm in the shelf of the brackets. The end parts of the brackets are made in the form of 4-way hooks, which, when assembling the formwork, are in mutual engagement and provide a strong connection of adjacent brackets, forming jumpers between plates 1 and 2. The end parts of the hooks are made of two types, one of which has stepped platforms in the tail section 6, on which hooking teeth 7 and restrictive stops 8 are formed in the form of protrusions by stamping, and other hooking strips have mating rectangular windows 9 for the corresponding hooking teeth 7, while the height of the steps to the pads 6 corresponding to the thickness of the metal brackets. For the correct entry and joining of the brackets 3 and 4, the strips with the hook tooth 7 are made in the rear part with a flange 10 with a width of 5-7 mm, bent 8-10 ° from the plane of the platform 6 in the opposite direction from the tooth, and the tooth has a half-shaped shape. An exemplary arrangement of jumpers on the slabs 1 and 2 of the formwork is shown in FIG. 3. The number of jumpers is determined by the overall dimensions and configuration of the plates 1 and 2, taking into account factors ensuring the rigidity of their fastening before filling with filler. The distance between the plates is provided by the length of the jumpers as the total length of the brackets 3 and 4 engaged between themselves.

The manufacture and assembly of fixed formwork is as follows. Brackets 3 and 4 are attached to the previously prepared plates 1 and 2 for marking, so that when connecting the plates to the formwork, the teeth of 7 hook strips of one kind mesh with the hooks of strips of another kind, having rectangular windows 9. The brackets are fastened to the slabs by fasteners, for example self-tapping screws through holes 5, made in the shelves of the brackets. After this, the plates go in pairs to the assembly stand, where they are installed on the necessary equipment provided by the technical documentation (fittings, electrical cables, plumbing, etc.). The final assembly of the formwork is done by connecting the plates 1 and 2 into the finished formwork. The connection occurs by smoothly moving one of the plates towards the other, in which the engaging teeth 7 mesh with the strips having rectangular windows 9 and are fixed by snapping the protruding tooth into the window of the adjacent bracket. Stops 8 serve to limit the stroke

hook strips during assembly. Thus, slabs 1 and 2 form a finished formwork, in which the n-jumpers between slabs 1 and 2 provide the required parameters of the inter-tile distance of the stiffening rigidity evenly over the entire plane of the slabs.

The effectiveness of the invention is confirmed by the experience in the manufacture of such formwork in the factory and use in the construction of monolithic residential buildings. Using such formwork, large-sized interior wall panels, external wall panels with window and balcony openings are made. If necessary, formwork of small sizes, for example 1 × 1.6 m, can be made in this way, of which wall panels of various configurations and sizes are assembled before filling with filler using the simple designer method. The selection of jumpers along the length allows the manufacture of panels of different thicknesses, and the use of panels from different materials can satisfy the needs of customers in terms of decorative design of the exterior and interior. From an economic point of view, the method of using finished fixed formwork in the construction of monolithic housing construction reduces the time for erecting wall structures by several times.

Claims (6)

1. Fixed construction formwork containing outer and inner plates installed at a certain distance from each other with the formation of an internal volume for installing reinforcement and filling with building filler, and connecting jumpers between the plates, characterized in that the jumpers are made in the form of interconnected metal pairs brackets, each of which is fixed on one side on the inner surface of one of the plates, and the end parts of the brackets have 4 strips with hook teeth, limit There are two types of end stops and counter windows for teeth, while the end parts of the hook strips are of two types, one of which has a stepped platform in the tail part, on which there is a hook tooth and a stop in the form of stamped protrusions, and other hook strips have rectangular rectangular windows for hook teeth, while the edges of the hook bands, on which the teeth are, have a flange 5-7 mm wide, bent 8-10 ° from the plane of the shelf brackets in the opposite direction from the tooth. 2. Fixed construction formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets are made of sheet steel 3-5 mm thick. 3. The fixed construction formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the step height of the hooking pad area is equal to the thickness of the steel sheet from which the brackets are made. 4. The fixed construction formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the bent hook of the hook is oval in shape. 5. The fixed construction formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that n-jumpers are installed in it, the number of which and the installation location on the plates are determined by the overall dimensions and configuration of the plates, and the length of each bridge corresponds to the total length of two adjacent brackets in engaged form. 6. Fixed construction formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that in the shelves of the brackets 4-5 technological holes are made with a diameter of 6-8 mm for fasteners.

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