RU2499952C2 - Steam generator and method to produce high-temperature water steam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: in a steam generator comprising a vessel, an igniting device, a unit to supply low-enthalpy water steam, an outlet part, according to the invention, a nozzle for hydrogen and oxygen mixture supply is installed along the axis of the vessel, and the unit of low-enthalpy water steam supply comprises a nozzle of low-enthalpy water steam supply, an end wall, a circular channel, a partition with holes arranged along the concentric circumference relative to the axis of the vessel and is located relative to the nozzle of hydrogen and oxygen mixture supply so that the steam generator vessel is simultaneously a chamber of combustion and mixing. The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method to produce high-temperature water steam, including combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in the stoichiometric ratio and mixing of combustion products with a ballasting component, according to the invention, the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is supplied for combustion, the ballasting component is a low-enthalpy water steam, supply of the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is carried out along the axis of the vessel, supply of low-enthalpy water steam - via holes arranged along the concentric circumference relative to the axis of the vessel, combustion of the hydrogen and oxygen mixture is carried out simultaneously with mixing in the flow of water steam.

EFFECT: simplified design of a device and a method, which results in simplicity of manufacturing and operation, in reduction of mass and dimensions of a device, in reduction of hydraulic resistance of a process.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of energy, coal processing, chemical, metallurgical industry and is intended to produce high-temperature water vapor (up to 1500 ° C). The resulting high-temperature water vapor can be used in 1) partial or complete steam gasification of carbon-containing materials, depending on the process conditions, to produce synthesis gas or gas acting as high-calorific fuel, as well as to obtain a solid carbon-containing residue; 2) the production of electric energy on a turbine-generator complex.

Steam generators are known (Bebelin I.N. et al. Heat Power Engineering, 1997, No. 8, P.48-52; patent US 6834622 Int. C1. F22D 1/00, publ. 12/28/2004; RF patent 2309325 IPC F22B 1/26 , published on October 27, 2007; RF patent 2361146 IPC F22G 1/16, published on July 10, 2009) containing a housing, an ignition device, hydrogen and oxygen supply lines, a water or steam supply unit, a combustion chamber, a mixing chamber, and an output part .

The disadvantages of the known steam generators include complex structural design, namely: 1) the complex design of the casing of the steam generator; 2) separate and complex devices for supplying hydrogen and oxygen to the steam generator; 3) the combustion and mixing chambers are structurally separated, which requires a cooling system of the combustion chamber of the steam generator; 4) as a rule, in the steam generator there is more than one device for supplying water or water vapor and they are complex in design.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed one by design features is a steam generator (patent US 5088450 Int. C1. F22B 1/00, publ. 02/18/1992), including a housing, an igniter, hydrogen and oxygen supply pipes, a water supply unit, a chamber combustion, mixing chamber and outlet.

The disadvantages of the steam generator adopted for the prototype include: 1) the complex design of the head of the steam generator, in which there are separate nozzles for supplying hydrogen and oxygen; 2) complicated node supply of water; 3) the location of the water supply unit, as a result of which the casing of the steam generator is divided into a combustion and mixing chamber.

A known method of producing water vapor (patent US 6834622 Int. C1. F22D 1/00, publ. 12/28/2004), in which steam is obtained with a temperature in the range from 500 K to 2000 K by burning a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen with a stoichiometric composition and mixing products combustion with a ballasting component, in this case two zones are formed: combustion and evaporation, - then the afterburning stage is applied.

The disadvantages of this method is that it provides a separate supply of hydrogen and oxygen, as the ballasting component, water is used, a catalytically active gas-permeable body, for example, platinum, is used.

The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed one is the method of generating water vapor (Bebelin I.N. et al. Thermal Engineering, 1997, No. 8, P.48-52), the essence of which is the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in a stoichiometric ratio, and mixing combustion products with a ballasting component, and water vapor is obtained with a temperature in the range from 700 K to 1200 K.

The disadvantages of the known method adopted for the prototype include: 1) separate supply of hydrogen and oxygen; 2) the use of water as a ballasting component, and part of the calorific value of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture goes to the heating and evaporation of water droplets, as a result of which it is not possible to obtain high parameters of water vapor; 3) double multidirectional supply of the ballasting component, which leads to complicated internal flow hydrodynamics; 4) spatial separation of the combustion process of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture and the process of mixing the combustion products with the ballasting component, in connection with which cooling of the combustion chamber wall of the steam generator is required.

The objective of the invention is to provide a steam generator and method for producing high-temperature water vapor.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the device and method, which leads to ease of manufacture and operation, to reduce the mass and dimensions of the device, to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the process.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the steam generator including the housing, the ignition device, the low enthalpy water vapor supply unit, the outlet part, according to the invention, a hydrogen and oxygen mixture supply pipe is installed along the housing axis, and the low enthalpy water steam supply unit has a low enthalpy water supply pipe a pair, an end wall, an annular channel, a partition with holes located in a concentric circle relative to the axis of the housing and is located relative to the pipe and supplying a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen so that the case of the steam generator is both a combustion and mixing chamber.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method for producing high-temperature water vapor, which includes stoichiometric combustion of hydrogen and oxygen and mixing of the combustion products with the ballasting component, according to the invention, a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is fed to the combustion, low-enthalpy water vapor is used as the ballasting component. , the supply of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is carried out along the axis of the housing, the supply of low-enthalpy water vapor through holes located along a concentric circle relative to the axis of the housing, the combustion of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is carried out simultaneously with mixing in a stream of low enthalpy water vapor.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the design of a steam generator; figure 2 is a section aa of the steam generator; figure 3 - the results of the experiment and modeling in the form of a dependence of the temperature of high-temperature water vapor at the outlet from the flow rate of low-enthalpy water vapor; figure 4 - experimental data on the dependence of the fraction of non-condensable gases on the flow rate of low enthalpy water vapor.

The steam generator includes an ignition device (not shown) placed in the pipe 1 for supplying a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (hereinafter pipe 1), a unit for supplying low-enthalpy water vapor, a housing 2, in which there is a combustion and mixing zone, and an outlet part 3 for removing the obtained high-temperature water couple. The low enthalpy water vapor supply unit comprises a low enthalpy water vapor supply pipe 4 (hereinafter, pipe 4), an annular channel 5 formed by a pipe 1 and a cylindrical wall 6, bounded on the sides by an end wall 7 and a partition 8 having openings 9 located on a concentric circle relative to the axis cases 2. The structural elements of the steam generator are made of heat-resistant steel or quartz glass.

The inventive method for producing high-temperature water vapor is carried out and the steam generator operates as follows.

Low-enthalpy water vapor is supplied through the pipe 4 to the annular channel 5, from where it enters the housing 2 through the openings 9 in the partition 8. In the pipe 1, for example, there is a burner with an ignition device (not shown), through which a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is supplied to stoichiometric ratio (hereinafter referred to as the combustible mixture), in particular from the electrolyzer, and ignition of the combustible mixture. The torch extends from the cut of the nozzle 1 along the axis of the housing 2, low-enthalpy water vapor passes along the periphery axisymmetrically along the cylindrical wall 6, as a result of which the overheating of the cylindrical wall 6 decreases. In the housing 2 there is a combustion and mixing zone, that is, housing 2 is also a chamber combustion and mixing. The product of complete combustion of the combustible mixture is high-enthalpy water vapor interacting with incoming low-enthalpy water vapor. The obtained high-temperature water vapor through the outlet part 3 then enters the conversion reactor (not shown) or the turbine-generator complex (not shown).

Start, work and stop the steam generator as follows. Low enthalpy water vapor is supplied at a temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. The walls of the steam generator are heated to the temperature of low enthalpy water vapor. The combustible mixture is supplied, the combustible mixture is ignited, combustion products and combustion products mix with low-enthalpy water vapor, and the output at operating parameters is controlled. Next, the main mode of operation is carried out - obtaining high-temperature water vapor, for example, atmospheric pressure with a temperature of 1200 ° C. To stop the steam generator, shut off the flow of the combustible mixture, then stop the flow of low-enthalpy water vapor.

Example. The inventive steam generator and method for producing high-temperature water vapor are tested on a pilot stand. The steam generator was a hollow cylinder with a diameter of 41 mm and a length of 350 mm made of quartz glass, along the axis of which a combustible mixture was supplied from the copper nozzle of the burner with a diameter of 1.1-1.3 mm, the inner diameter of the nozzle 1 for the burner was 10 mm, and low-enthalpy water vapor was supplied through the pipe 4 with an inner diameter of 10 mm and then axisymmetrically through twelve holes 9 with a diameter of 4 mm, evenly spaced in the partition 8 along a concentric circle with a diameter of 28 mm relative to the axis of the housing 2.

The temperature of the obtained high-temperature water vapor at the outlet was 1000-1200 ° C, while the concentration of the combustible mixture was 20-30% (respectively, low-enthalpy water vapor 80-70%), the temperature of low-enthalpy water vapor 100-105 ° C, the maximum temperature of the cylindrical wall 6 steam generator 700-800 ° C.

The operation of the steam generator was accompanied by elevated temperatures, especially in the operating mode without supplying low-enthalpy water vapor. In this case, the working zone was melted already 2-5 minutes after the start of burning of the combustible mixture. When low-enthalpy water vapor was supplied to the steam generator, the thermal regime of its operation stabilized and was not accompanied by reflow. The maximum duration of the steam generator during a single test was about 40 minutes, while no emergency events were recorded and no damage occurred in the zone of the steam generator.

Figure 3 presents the results of a study of the dependence of the temperature of high-temperature water vapor at the outlet on the flow rate of low-enthalpy water vapor. The fuel flow rate was 24 l / min. At a low-enthalpy water vapor flow rate of less than 100 g / min, the temperature of the output high-temperature water vapor was approaching a temperature of 1000 ° C. By increasing the flow rate to 400 g / min, the temperature decreased to 450 ° C.

Figure 4 presents the dependence of the fraction of non-condensable gases on the flow rate of low enthalpy water vapor at a constant flow rate of the combustible mixture. From the presented dependence it is seen that with an increase in the flow rate of low enthalpy water vapor, the fraction of non-condensable gases increases, i.e., the completeness of combustion decreases.

The inventive device and method, quite simple in nature, allow to obtain high-temperature water vapor.

Claims (2)

1. A steam generator including a housing, an igniter, a low enthalpy water vapor supply unit, an output part, characterized in that a nozzle for supplying a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is installed along the housing axis, and a low enthalpy water vapor supply unit has a low enthalpy water vapor supply pipe, end wall, an annular channel, a partition with holes located in a concentric circle relative to the axis of the housing, and is located relative to the nozzle for supplying a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen so that the housing ogeneratora is both the combustion chamber and mixing. 2. A method of producing high-temperature water vapor, including the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in a stoichiometric ratio and mixing combustion products with a ballasting component, characterized in that a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is fed to the combustion, low-enthalpy water vapor is used as a ballasting component, supplying a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen carried out along the axis of the housing, the supply of low-enthalpy water vapor through holes located in a concentric circle relative to the axis of the housing, Contents mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is carried out simultaneously with mixing in the flow nizkoentalpiynogo steam.

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