RU2523824C2 - Apparatus of producing synthesis gas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemistry. Apparatus for producing synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons consists of a partitioned housing 1 with double-layer metal cooling walls 2, an inner chamber 3, an atomising head 4 for feeding material and oxygen located in the upper part of the housing 1. The apparatus is also equipped with a steam generator 6, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the system for cooling reactor walls and feeding steam into the reaction chamber, a mixer 7 for mixing fuel with superheated steam, the outlet of which is connected to the atomising head 4. The outlet of the system for cooling reactor walls is connected to the fuel with steam mixer 7. The apparatus also includes a fuel evaporator 8, the outlet of which is connected to the fuel and steam mixer 7; the atomising head 4 is a heat exchanger which enables gradual mixing of components to a given ratio, followed by heating the ready mixture.

EFFECT: sections of the housing are connected to each other by collector flanges, through which steam is fed into the reactor and the cooling channel operates; the invention enables to reduce fuel consumption of the gas-generating apparatus, improve environmental friendliness, improve the quality of the obtained synthesis gas and reduce the cost thereof.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical engineering, and in particular to installations for producing synthesis gas from carbon raw materials. The invention can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, energy and other related industries for the processing of hydrocarbons with the production of synthesis gas used for energy and technological purposes.

The well-known "Generator of synthesis gas" according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2408417, class. B01J 7/00 dated 01/10/2011, including a reaction chamber for combustion, gas supply units for gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, oxidizing agent, water, a mixing head with an ignition system and a cooled nozzle. The reaction chamber consists of three sections arranged coaxially and sequentially, the internal cavities of which form a cylindrical working channel. The first section is made in the form of a cooled cylinder and is equipped with a mixing head, which consists of an oxidizer supply unit located along the section axis with a straightening grid and an ignition system, a hydrocarbon fuel supply unit, which is a nozzle of fuel located in the expanding part of the mixing head at an angle to the axis of the working channel . The second section is a cooled insert having a section with an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the working channel, and at least three centrifugal water inlet nozzles are located on the conical surface of the tapered section of the insert. The third section is made in the form of an uncooled or cooled cylinder and is equipped with a cooled nozzle with cooling water supply units.

The disadvantage of this generator is the water cooling of the walls of the reactor, which creates the effect of a “cold wall” and, as a result, an increase in the yield of soot. Also disadvantages include unproductive heat loss from the discharge of heated water used to cool metal walls.

Closest to the proposed invention, adopted as a prototype, is a "Reactor for producing synthesis gas" according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2392297, class. C10J 3/34 dated 06/20/2010, including a housing with a water main and two-layer metal water-cooled walls and an internal cavity, a burner for introducing fuel and oxygen or a vapor-oxygen mixture located in the upper part of the housing, a gas outlet pipe located in the lower part of the housing characterized in that the casing is made of ring collectors, one of which is located in the upper part of the casing and connected to the water main, and the other is located in the lower part of the casing and connected by a pipeline to the burner, e case is additionally equipped with, for example, one curtain belt, made in the form of an annular slit-like channel with redans, and is connected to an internal cavity located between two-layer metal water-cooled walls.

The disadvantage of this device is the cooling of the walls of the reactor with water, which creates the effect of a "cold wall" and helps to increase the yield of soot. In addition, the disadvantage is a steam generation and steam injection system integrated with the cooling system through the annular slot-like channel with redanes, which makes the cooling system dependent on in-chamber processes, thereby reducing the reliability of the installation.

The objectives of the invention are:

1) The use of water vapor as a reactor cooler and as a raw material, which will improve the environmental performance of the installation, will lead to lower energy losses, a more even distribution of temperature over the reactor cross section, will minimize soot yield, which ultimately eliminates the need for soot settlers.

2) Separation of the lines for external cooling of the reactor with steam and the introduction of steam into the reaction zone, which eliminates the possibility of the effects of in-chamber processes on the cooling system, thereby increasing the reliability of the installation.

3) Pre-mixing and heating of the fuel components in the nozzle head before they enter the reaction zone, which will lead to a decrease in the consumption of fuel components and, as a result, to a decrease in the cost of the target product.

The tasks are solved as follows.

A steam generator is connected to the bottom of the reactor, the output of which is connected to external cooling systems and steam injection into the reactor. To use steam as a raw material, in addition to introducing steam into the reactor, the device is equipped with a fuel evaporator and an evaporated fuel mixer with water vapor. The sections of the reactor are interconnected by collector flanges, through which steam is introduced into the reactor and the cooling path is provided. For preliminary mixing and heating of raw materials, a nozzle head-heat exchanger is used.

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an installation for producing synthesis gas. The reactor includes a sectional vessel 1 with two-layer metal walls 2 cooled by water vapor and an internal cavity 3, a nozzle-head heat exchanger 4 for introducing a gas-vapor mixture and oxygen, located in the upper part of the body 1. A hot body for the nozzle-head-heat exchanger 4 is an overheated water steam coming from an external cooling system. The sections of the housing 1 are connected by means of manifold flanges 5, which provide steam supply for external cooling of the reactor and steam input into the reaction zone. The reactor outlet is connected to a steam generator 6, for which the hot body is synthesis gas exiting the reaction chamber. The device is equipped with a fuel mixer with superheated water vapor 7, the output of which is connected to the reaction chamber. The device is equipped with a fuel evaporator 8, the output of which is connected to a fuel mixer with superheated water vapor 7. The reactor is equipped with an ignition device 9.

The nozzle head-heat exchanger consists of the following main parts and assemblies (Figure 2):

- fire bottom 10;

- inner bottom 11;

- average bottom 12;

- upper bottom 13;

- outer bottom 14;

- an intermediate ring 15;

- upper power ring 16;

- lower power ring 17;

- compensation ring 18;

- partition 19;

- two-component nozzles 20;

- flange 21.

The head has three cavities: a vapor-gas cavity 22 formed by the upper 13 and the outer 14 bottoms; the oxygen cavity 23 formed by the middle 12 and upper 13 bottoms; the cavity of superheated water vapor is a heat exchange zone 24 formed by the fire 10 and the inner bottoms 11. Two-component nozzles 20 have an inner 25 and an outer 26 parts.

Installation for producing synthesis gas works as follows.

The gas-vapor mixture (vaporized fuel and water vapor) from the mixer 7 and oxygen, which is an oxidizing agent, are fed to the nozzle-head heat exchanger 4, where the components (gas and oxygen) are gradually mixed and the finished mixture is heated. After entering the internal cavity of the reactor, the mixture ignites (initial ignition is carried out using the ignition device 9). In the inner cavity of the reactor, a synthesis gas reaction takes place. The temperature inside the reactor in the upper zone reaches 1200-1300 ° C. In the lower part of the reactor, through the flanges of the collectors 5, water vapor is introduced into the internal cavity, due to which additional oxidation and steam conversion of the composition formed in the upper part of the reactor takes place. Steam conversion helps to improve the quality of the final products, reducing the yield of by-products. After passing through the bottom of the reactor, the temperature of the synthesis gas is 1100-1200 ° C. Next, the synthesis gas enters the steam generator 6, at the outlet of which the temperature of the synthesis gas is reduced to 500-600 ° C. The water vapor obtained in the steam generator 6 is divided into two lines and through the check valves (not shown in the figure) is supplied to cool the walls of the reactor and to the manifold flanges 5 for introduction into the reactor. The superheated steam used to cool the reactor enters the nozzle-heat exchanger 4 as a coolant, and then is divided into two streams, one of which enters the fuel evaporator 8 as the coolant and the other into the mixer 7. The resulting synthesis gas, passed through the heat exchanger, enters the consumer.

The nozzle head-heat exchanger operates as follows.

Oxygen enters the oxygen cavity 23 and then into the outer part of the two-component nozzles 26. Combined gas enters the vapor cavity 22 and then into the inner part of the two-component nozzles. Passing through the inner part of the two-component nozzles, the gas flows through the holes into the outer part of the two-component nozzles, where it is mixed with oxygen. The diameter of the holes increases along the length of the nozzle. The diameters of the holes are selected so that a gradual mixing of the components is ensured. In the lower section of the nozzles (in the heat exchange zone 24), where the components are completely mixed in a predetermined ratio, the mixture is heated with superheated steam leaving the reactor cooling system. After heating, the mixture enters the reactor. In addition to heating the mixture, water vapor passing through the heat exchange zone performs the function of a cooler relative to the hot fire bottom.

The invention allows to reduce the fuel consumption of a gas generation unit, improve environmental performance, minimize soot yield, improve the quality of the resulting synthesis gas and reduce its cost.

Claims (2)

1. Device for producing synthesis gas from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, consisting of a sectional casing with two-layer metal cooled walls, an internal cavity, an atomizer head for supplying raw materials and oxygen located in the upper part of the casing, characterized in that the device is equipped with a steam generator the output of which is connected to the input of the cooling system of the walls of the reactor and the introduction of steam into the reaction chamber, the device is equipped with a fuel mixer with superheated steam, the output of which о is connected to the nozzle head, the outlet of the reactor wall cooling system is connected to a fuel mixer with steam, the device is equipped with a fuel evaporator, the outlet of which is connected to the fuel mixer with steam, the nozzle head is a heat exchanger, with the help of which the components are gradually mixed to a predetermined ratio, followed by heating the finished mixture. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the body are interconnected by collector flanges, by means of which steam is introduced into the reactor and the cooling path is provided.

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