RU126376U1 - GASIFIER FOR OPEN DIAGRAM LIQUID ROCKET ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The gasifier for an open-circuit liquid-propellant rocket engine contains a mixing head and a chamber with an outlet pipe, the mixing head including a cover, a middle and fire bottoms that form the fuel and oxidizer cavities, these cavities through the nozzles made in the housing of the mixing head are connected to the feed system oxidizing agent and fuel, moreover, between the middle and firing bottoms the mixing elements are evenly arranged along concentric circles, in addition, there is a dilution belt, distinguishing The fact is that, as mixing elements, pre-chambers are used, each of which is made in the form of a single-body case with fuel nozzles and oxidizer coaxially located in it with a mixing chamber, moreover, the fuel nozzles are connected to the fuel cavity through openings made in the pre-chamber, and the nozzles the oxidizer through the holes are connected to the cavity of the oxidizer, while these nozzles are connected to the mixing chamber, in addition, the housing of the prechambers from the side of the fuel nozzles are fixed in the middle bottom, and from the mixing chambers in the through holes of the fire bottom with the formation of annular channels-dilution belts that are hydraulically connected to the cavity of the oxidizer, the thickness of the annular gap is determined by the following formula: where is the area of the annular channel for introducing the oxidizing agent to be evaporated; D is the outer diameter prechambers; µ - channel flow coefficient, depending on the configuration of the input edges (0.65 ... 0.75); ρ - density of the evaporated component; ΔP - triggered pressure drop across the prechamber; - mass second

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to energy and, in particular, to a gasifier that produces gas with an excess of oxygen of high parameters, obtained due to the energy released during the combustion of liquid kerosene in liquid oxygen.

State of the art

Known steam generator (gasifier) for the production of steam due to the heat of hydrogen burned in an oxygen atmosphere, which contains a mixing head with several coaxial jet nozzles of fuel and oxidizer, mounted in the middle and fire bottoms, and a cylindrical chamber with a dilution belt through which water is supplied into the firing space of a cylindrical chamber. The mixing head consists of three bottoms - fire, middle and cover. These bottoms form two main cavities of the mixing head: the inner one into which the oxidizing agent enters, and the outer cavity of the fuel. In addition, there are nozzles for supplying an oxidizing agent and fuel to said cavities and a branch pipe for removing water vapor from the chamber. There is also a means for igniting the oxygen-hydrogen mixture, made in the form of a prechamber equipped with an electric spark igniter (see DE patent No. 3936806, IPC F22B 1/18, 04/20/1995). This technical solution is a prototype of the proposed utility model.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the design complexity of the mixing head, the increased length of the cylindrical chamber and the large mass.

Utility Model Disclosure

The problem the patented utility model is aimed at is improving the reliability and efficiency of the gasifier for converting liquid oxygen into a gaseous state.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the gasifier for a liquid propellant rocket engine an open circuit containing a mixing head and a chamber with an outlet pipe, the mixing head includes a cover, a middle and a fire bottom, which form the cavity of the fuel and oxidizer, these cavities through the pipes, made in the housing of the mixing head, are connected to the supply system of the oxidizer and fuel, and between the middle and the firing bottoms the mixing elements are evenly arranged along concentric circles, except oh, there is a dilution belt, and pre-chambers are used as mixing elements, each of which is made in the form of a single-body case with fuel nozzles and an oxidizer coaxially located in it with a mixing chamber, and the fuel nozzles are connected to the fuel cavity through openings made in the pre-chamber and the oxidizer nozzles are connected through the openings to the oxidizer cavity, and these nozzles are connected to the mixing chamber, in addition, the nozzle bodies on the side of the fuel nozzles are replicated on the middle bottom, and on the side of the mixing chambers in the through holes of the fire bottom with the formation of annular channels - dilution belts that are hydraulically connected to the oxidizer cavity, while the thickness of the annular gap is determined by the following formula:

Where

- площадь кольцевого канала для ввода окислителя, подлежащего испарению;

- the area of the annular channel for input of the oxidizing agent to be evaporated;

D _H is the outer diameter of the prechamber;

µ is the channel flow coefficient, depending on the configuration of the input edges (0.65 ... 0.75);

ρ is the density of the vaporized component;

ΔР - triggered differential pressure on the prechamber;

- массовый секундный расход компонента через форкамеры;

- mass second consumption of the component through the pre-chambers;

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed technical solution is to improve the quality of mixing and stability of gasification of liquid oxygen.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a General view of the gasifier, figure 2 - implementation of the prechamber

Utility Model Example

The gasifier 1 contains a mixing head 2 and a chamber 3 with an outlet pipe 4. The mixing head 2 includes a cover 5, middle 6 and firing bottom 7, which form the cavity of the fuel 8 and oxidizer 9. These cavities through the nozzles 10 and 11, made in the housing of the mixing head 2 are connected to an oxidizer and fuel supply system (not shown). Between the middle 6 and the fire 7 bottoms are evenly arranged along concentric circles of the pre-chambers 12. Each of the pre-chambers is made in the form of a one-piece body 13 with fuel nozzles 14 coaxially located therein and oxidizer 15 with a mixing chamber 16. Fuel nozzles 14 through tangential openings 17 made in the housing 13 of the pre-chamber, connected to the cavity of the fuel 8, and the nozzle of the oxidizer 15 through the tangential holes 18 are connected to the cavity of the oxidizer 9. These nozzles are connected to the mixing chamber 16. Housing 13 fork measures 12 from the side of the fuel nozzles 14 are fixed on the middle bottom 6, and from the side of the mixing chambers 16 in the through holes 19 of the fire bottom 7 with the formation of annular channels 20 - dilution belts that are hydraulically connected to the cavity of the oxidizer.

The thickness of the annular gap is determined by the following formula:

Where

- площадь кольцевого канала для ввода окислителя, подлежащего испарению;

- the area of the annular channel for input of the oxidizing agent to be evaporated;

D _H is the outer diameter of the prechamber;

µ is the channel flow coefficient, depending on the configuration of the input edges (0.65 ... 0.75);

ρ is the density of the vaporized component;

ΔР - triggered differential pressure on the prechamber;

- массовый секундный расход компонента через форкамеры;

- mass second consumption of the component through the pre-chambers;

Device operation

During the operation of the gasifier, fuel from the nozzle 10 fills the cavity of the fuel 8, is supplied through the tangential openings 17 to the nozzles 14 of the fuel and then into the mixing chamber 16. The oxidizing agent through the nozzle 11 is fed into the cavity 9, and from it into the tangential holes 18 enters the nozzle 15 of the oxidizer, and then into the mixing chamber 16, where, when mixed with fuel, it causes combustion reactions. Combustion occurs at a ratio close to stoichiometric. The oxidizing agent from the cavity 9 enters the annular channels 20 of the dilution belt, where liquid oxygen is converted to a gaseous state.

Unlike the prototype, in the proposed technical solution, the mixing elements are made in the form of pre-chambers, and the firing base is thickened, which allowed for reliable and high-quality mixing of the fuel components and a stable process of their combustion at high temperatures at minimum lengths and small volumes of the mixing head.

In addition, the implementation of through holes in the thickened fire bottom, into which the end sections of the prechambers are inserted, made it possible to organize an effective process of forcibly converting liquid oxygen to a gaseous state in the narrow channels of the dilution collector, significantly reducing the axial dimensions of the gasifier.

The proposed utility model provides gasification of liquid oxygen with the following mass ratios of fuel components Km:

- in prechambers Km ~ 6 ÷ 16 (temperature ~ 2000 ° С);

- in the dilution belt Km ~ 100 ÷ 50 (temperature ~ 100 ÷ 500 ° C).

This solution allows to reduce the axial dimensions of the gasifier, to reduce its mass, to increase the yield of gaseous oxygen at lower cost of thermal energy. In addition, the use of a dilution belt in the form of an annular channel above the firing bottom allows reliable cooling of the bottom.

Industrial application

The proposed gasifier can find application in open-circuit oxygen-kerosene liquid propellant rocket engines to transfer the operation of the engine chamber from a liquid-liquid scheme to a gas-liquid scheme due to gasification of liquid oxygen.

Claims (1)

The gasifier for an open-circuit liquid-propellant rocket engine contains a mixing head and a chamber with an outlet pipe, the mixing head including a cover, a middle and fire bottoms that form the fuel and oxidizer cavities, these cavities through the nozzles made in the housing of the mixing head are connected to the feed system oxidizing agent and fuel, moreover, between the middle and firing bottoms the mixing elements are evenly arranged along concentric circles, in addition, there is a dilution belt, distinguishing The fact is that, as mixing elements, pre-chambers are used, each of which is made in the form of a single-body case with fuel nozzles and oxidizer coaxially located in it with a mixing chamber, moreover, the fuel nozzles are connected to the fuel cavity through openings made in the pre-chamber, and the nozzles the oxidizer through the holes are connected to the cavity of the oxidizer, while these nozzles are connected to the mixing chamber, in addition, the housing of the prechambers from the side of the fuel nozzles are fixed in the middle bottom, and from the mixing chambers in the through holes of the fire bottom with the formation of annular channels-dilution belts that are hydraulically connected to the cavity of the oxidizer, while the thickness of the annular gap is determined by the following formula:

Where

- the area of the annular channel for input of the oxidizing agent to be evaporated; D _H is the outer diameter of the prechamber; µ is the channel flow coefficient, depending on the configuration of the input edges (0.65 ... 0.75); ρ is the density of the vaporized component; ΔP - triggered differential pressure on the prechamber;

- mass second consumption of the component through the pre-chambers.

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