RU2493991C2 - Bogie with adjustable axles for variable gage and stationary unit for track gage variation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to railway transport, particularly to bogies with adjustable axles for variable gage and to stationary units for track gage variation. The bogie comprises car bearing platform, at least one adjustable axle 2 with bearing elements 10, bearings 12, slots for guides 18 and bushes 13 whereon two wheels 1 are fitted. Adjustable axle is furnished with retainer 22 for gage changeover to let or prevent wheels crosswise displacement on axle with the help of guides 24. Stationary unit of gage changeover comprises retaining guides 19 for sliding and bearing, guides 27 of crosswise displacement and locking guides 24.

EFFECT: lower probability of bogie retainer spontaneous release.

6 cl, 14 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a trolley with means for moving along rail tracks with different track widths and, more specifically, to a trolley with rotary axles equipped with a track change device that cooperates with a track change device located between two rail tracks having different track widths , and to a stationary installation for changing the track gauge.

Description of the Related Art

The applicant of this invention a few decades ago developed a system for changing the track gauge, which is the subject of the patent ES 332453, in response to Renfe's initiative to announce a tender for solutions to prevent the need for passengers to change trains on the Spanish-French border, which had to be done before the moment due to the different track gauges on the Iberian Peninsula (1668 (mm) mm) in relation to the European rail tracks (1435 (mm) mm).

On the one hand, this system concerned the incorporation into units of a railway track of a device for translating the wheels of their axles and, on the other hand, a stationary installation assembled between rail tracks with different track widths. The operation to change the distance between the wheels is carried out automatically, without human intervention, with the passage of the composition for the said installation in five continuously occurring stages: at the first stage, the wheels are released from their vertical loads; at the second stage of the assembly of the axles of the axle, they are freed from the lateral locking device holding the wheels in their working position; at the third stage, wheels that are freed from vertical loads and their lateral locking devices enter the guides, which, as soon as the axis moves forward, displace them in the transverse direction to their new working position in accordance with the new track gauge of the rail track; in the fourth and fifth stages, the wheel assemblies again close in the transverse direction and again apply a vertical load to the axis, thus completing the gauge change operation.

Following this innovation, which was the main cornerstone in railway technology, the applicant of the present invention made various modifications to apply the system to various railway structures: independent axles, bogies, freight bogies and engine bogies, one of which is described in patent ES 2130039 “Conjunto de eje ferroviarío dotado de cambio automático de ancho de vía y adaptable a bogies convencionales de mercancías” (“Assembly of railway axles equipped with automatic change of track gauge and applicable to tradition nnym load carriage ") which can include conventional trolleys, to replace axis collected for a constant track width, without the need for significant change.

The axis combines two independent working assemblies (a wheel with a short axis or half axis and two bearings), and the gauge between the wheels is changed by simultaneous lateral movement of the two working assemblies in a way similar to that used in TALGO trains, although instead of including locking devices in two bearings each working assembly, they contain only a locking device in the inner bearing.

Structurally, the axle assembly contains the chassis axis on which two working assemblies and their locking systems are installed, a connecting device between the working assemblies, two brake unit translation frames, an electrical wiring between the wheels or an electric shunt system, and a device for detecting heated internal bearings.

Although the technology described in patent ES 2130039 has facilitated the adaptation of traditional freight trolleys to variable track widths of the rail tracks, the railway industry constantly requires new solutions to solve the various problems that arise when adapting railway freight cars to rail tracks with different track widths. In this sense, it must be pointed out that, in particular, in Spain, the introduction of the European gauge in the network of high-speed roads has increased the technological requirements related to the change of track gauge.

The present invention is directed to the solution of this request.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a freight trolley that can be adapted to railway tracks with different gauges, in which the component of the non-suspended load is minimized.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a freight trolley that can be adapted to railway tracks with different gauge and which minimizes the risk of accidentally opening the device, which allows you to change the distance between the wheels.

These and other tasks are achieved using a trolley containing a support platform of a railway carriage and at least one rotary axis on which two wheels are mounted by means of a connecting device that allows their lateral movement and which is equipped with a device for changing the track gauge using which prevents / allows lateral movement of each wheel, such as a latch, which is movable in the vertical direction when actuated by closing / opening guide rails made for this purpose in a stationary installation for the implementation of the change of track of the rail track, in which:

- the connecting device has locking guides connected to it, by means of which its lateral movement is controlled so that it is placed in positions corresponding to the two tracks of the rail track.

- The rotary axis includes the supporting parts of the platform, containing inside the bearings and grooves for receiving the locking guides and the clamp, as well as a means to facilitate their closure / opening by interacting with the guides of a stationary installation.

- The pivot axis contains at its ends liners attached to the axis.

- The support parts also include a lateral chassis with support shoes that can be supported by a fixed installation and a central hub serving as a support for the end of the axle during passage through a stationary installation through a semicircular insert connected to the central hub.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carriage also comprises a bolt as an additional emergency protection element connected to each latch by means of a horizontal spring in order to prevent it from moving vertically together with the holding element of said bolt connected to the supporting part.

Another objective of the invention is the creation of a stationary installation for the operation of changing the track, adapted to the carriage, equipped with a tool that minimizes the risk of accidentally opening the device, which allows you to change the distance between the wheels.

This task is achieved by using a stationary installation for changing the track gauge, containing sliding guides and supports, transverse guides and short / open guides, in which the head of the short / open guides is designed so that it can laterally move the said bolt, overcoming the force mentioned horizontal spring.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of an illustrative and non-restrictive embodiment of the subject invention in conjunction with the attached drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

1A-1E are sectional views of a half axis of a trolley according to the present invention in five stages of a rail track gauge process.

2A-2E are side views of a half axis of a trolley according to the present invention in five steps of a rail track change process.

3A-3D are simplified cross-sectional side views and sectional views of an axle of a trolley according to the present invention, showing basic elements of a device for changing a track of a rail track.

On figs, 3D and 3E shows a top view and in section of a ring, which contains a locking guide.

Figure 4 is a top view of a stationary installation for changing the track of the rail track.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4 of a rail track gauge installation.

Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment

The cart according to the present invention includes:

- a platform, the load of which is transmitted through the suspension springs 11,

- at least one rotary axis 2, on which at each of its ends are installed:

a) wheel 1 using a connecting device that allows its transverse movement,

b) a supporting part 10 of said platform,

c) a device for changing the track of a rail track using means that prevent / allow lateral movement of the wheel 1, such as the latch 22, which is movable in the vertical direction when driven by means made for this purpose in a fixed installation.

In an embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in the drawings, a connecting device for connecting the wheel 1 to the axle 2 comprises:

- liner 3, made at the same time with the wheel 1 and sliding along the axis 2, and containing at its end a ring 7 with an internal axial bearing 8, to which (the ring) the fixing guides 18 are attached,

- a tubular element 4 attached to the Central part of the axis 2 through the liners 5 and 6.

A separating insert 9 is provided between the wheel 1 and the axial bearing 8 in order to constantly provide a distance.

The liner 3 interacts with the tubular element 4 to laterally move the wheel 1 during the gauge change operation. To this end, the tubular element 4 may be provided with an internal groove, while the liner 3 may include a head 3 ', interacting with the said groove during the transverse movement of the wheel 1, when the gauge change operation occurs, as will be seen in more detail below, by the movement of the locking guides 18, made at the same time with the liner 3, which together with the latch 22 defines two positions of the wheel 1, corresponding to the two considered tracks of the rail track.

The supporting parts 10 are in contact with the axis 2 by means of bearings 12 and include internal grooves for receiving said fixing fixing guides 18, said locking device 22 as well as stops 20 made to serve as positioning and insertion means for locking device 22.

The central part of the axis 2, on which the wheels 1 are placed in positions corresponding to the two tracks of the rail track, by means of a connecting device, which has been described, has a diameter larger than the diameter of its end parts. There is an insert 8 'serving as a limiter for the movement of the insert 3 in the transition area between the two tracks. At the ends of the axis 2, an insert 13 is placed together with a cover 15 attached to the axis 2 by means of screws, which serves as a protective element for the axis during the operation to change the track of the rail track, as well as to stop the bearings 12.

The supporting parts 10 also include a lateral chassis with supporting and sliding shoes 16 in a stationary installation, for this purpose they have nylon guides 17 and a central sleeve serving as a support for the end of the axis 2, closed by a liner 13, during passage through the stationary installation through a semicircular insert 14 connected to the said central sleeve, which is preferably made of bronze. As will be seen below, during the operation to change the track gauge, the trolley is mounted and slides on these shoes 16, the wheels 1 being free of load.

As one of ordinary skill in the art understands, this configuration of the side chassis of the main parts is at least partially determined by the placement of the guide rails 19 for centering and sliding. If these rails have a different layout, the configuration of the side chassis should logically be changed in such a way as to perform these functions.

The latch 22 is formed by two vertical rods connected to each other by means of a hollow bridge, made so that the head of the double T-shaped disconnecting guide 24 of the stationary installation for changing the track of the rail track is introduced through the bridge, while it has nylon rails 23. To prevent accidentally locking / opening, the latch includes pre-tensioned emergency springs 28 to prevent unwanted vertical movement of the latch 22 when it is not in contact with the rupture ayuschey guide 24.

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawings, the fastening device has an additional emergency protection element formed by a bolt 25, which is connected to the latch 22 and is movable in the transverse direction, overcoming the force of the horizontal spring, and the holding element 26 connected to the main part 10. If the spring 21 is at rest, the bolt 25 is in contact with the holding element 26, preventing the vertical movement of the latch 22. In order to such a movement was possible, It is necessary to exert a force in the spring 21, which biases the bolt 25 in the transverse direction and prevents its holding by the retaining element 26.

The process of changing the track gauge when passing through the aforementioned stationary installation, the main components of which are listed below, is described below with reference to figures 4 and 5:

- the ends of the rails 31 of the rail track with a wider gauge.

- The ends of the rails 32 of the track with a narrower gauge.

- Guide rails 19 for centering and sliding.

- Opening and closing guides 24 of the clamps 22.

- Guides 27 for translating wheels 1.

A stationary installation is a two-way installation, with the change of the rail track with a wider gauge to the rail track with a narrower gauge is carried out in one direction, while the reverse change is carried out in the opposite direction.

The process of changing the track gauge for the wagon that came to the installation from the side of the track with a wider gauge is as follows.

First step

When the wheels 1 reach the tapering region of the end of the rails 31, the trolley gradually lowers, while the sliding cushions 16 are in contact with the guide rails 19 for centering and sliding. After this, the wheels 1 are free of load, remaining in this state during the entire process of changing the gauge until contact with the rails 32 of a narrower gauge at the end of the process.

Second phase

As soon as the axis 2 is centered and mounted on the guides 19 for centering and sliding, the heads of the end of the opening guides 24 are inserted into the bridge of the retainer 22 and take a tapering profile of these guides, while the force of the vertical springs 28 is overcome, and the clamps 22 are forcibly pushed down, leaving the locking guides 18 open, so they are free to move in the transverse direction and with them the wheels 1.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the mounting device includes a bolt 25, as an additional emergency protection element, it is also necessary at this stage to act on the horizontal spring 21 in order to move the bolt 25 in the transverse direction, thereby preventing using the holding element 26 of the fall of the latch 22. For this purpose, one of the sides of the head of the trip rails 24 of the stationary installation has a double T-shape with gradually changing track from the ends to the center, narrower at the ends than in the center, which can be seen by comparing figv and 1C; therefore, the guide 24 serves as an element for actuating the horizontal spring 21 controlling the lateral movement of the bolt 25.

For their part, the guides 27 cause lateral movement of the connecting device for connecting the wheels 1 to the axle 2 until a position corresponding to the track 32 with a narrower gauge is taken.

Third stage

The tapering profile of the guide 24 causes the latch 22 to move, locking the guide 18 in a new position.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a bolt 25 and a guide 24 on one side with a variable gauge head, the spring 21 is left at the end of the step, while the bolt 25 is held by the holding member 26.

Fourth stage

When the wheels 1 reach the rails 32, the shoes 16 are no longer in their sliding guides 19, and the operation for changing the track gauge ends.

Although the present invention has been fully described in relation to preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is obvious that changes may be made in its scope, since the scope is not considered limited by the above embodiments of the present invention, but rather by the content of the following claims.

Reference Positions

1 wheels

2 rotary axis

3 liner

3 'interacting head

4 tubular element

5 liner

6 liner

7 ring

8 internal axial bearing

9 separating insert

10 supporting part

11 suspension spring

12 bearings

13 liner

14 semicircular liner

15 cover

16 support and sliding shoes

17 nylon guides

18 locking guides

19 guide rails for mounting and sliding

20 stops

21 horizontal springs

22 lock

23 nylon rails

24 short / open guides

25 bolt

26 holding element

27 wheel guides

28 vertical springs emergency protection

31 wide gauge rail tracks

32 narrow gauge rail tracks

Claims (6)

1. A trolley containing a support platform of a railway carriage and at least one rotary axis (2) on which two wheels (1) are mounted by means of a connecting device that allows their transverse movement and which is equipped with a device for changing the track gauge using means that prevent / allow lateral movement of each wheel (1), such as a latch (22), which is movable in the vertical direction when actuated by the closing / opening guides (24), GOVERNMENTAL this purpose in the fixed installation for changing track gauge, wherein:
a) the connecting device has locking guides (18) connected to it, by means of which its lateral movement is controlled so that it is located in two positions corresponding to the two tracks of the rail track;
b) the rotary axis (2) includes the supporting parts (10) of the platform, which contains inside the bearings (12) and grooves for receiving the locking guides (18) and the lock (22), as well as means for facilitating their closure / opening by interacting with guides of stationary installation;
c) the rotary axis (2) contains at its ends liners (13) attached to the axis;
d) the support parts (10) also include a lateral chassis with support shoes (16), which can be supported by a stationary installation and a central hub serving as a support for the axis end (2) during passage through a stationary installation through a semicircular insert (14) connected to the center sleeve. 2. The trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the central part of the axis (2), on which the wheels (1) are placed in positions corresponding to the two tracks of the rail track, has a larger diameter than the diameter of its side parts in contact with the supporting parts ( 10) through bearings (12). 3. A trolley according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting device comprises an insert (3) made integral with the wheel (1) and sliding along the axis (2), interacting with a tubular element (4) attached to the central part of the axis (2) and containing at its end a ring (7), with an internal axial bearing (8), to which the fixing guides (18) are attached. 4. A trolley according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it also contains a bolt (25) connected to each latch (22) through a horizontal spring (21) in order to prevent its vertical movement together with the holding element (26) of the said bolt (25) connected to the supporting part (10). 5. A stationary installation for changing the track gauge, as soon as the trolley according to claim 4 moves along it, containing guides (19) for sliding and supports, guides (27) for lateral movement and closing / opening guides (24), characterized in that the head of the closing / opening guides (24) is made in such a way that it can move the said bolt (25) in the transverse direction, overcoming the force of the said horizontal spring (21). 6. A stationary installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the closing / opening guides (24) have a double T-shaped profile, and one of the head half-flanges has a gradually changing size: from narrower to wider, from the ends to the center of the guides in longitudinal direction.

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