RU2491266C2 - Method of producing humic preparations and ultra-humate substance obtained using said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method of producing humic preparations involves ultrasonic dispersion of humate-containing substances. At least one jet or vortex flow of humate-containing substances is created, which is treated with an air or steam stream using a jet-edge generator with ultrasonic radiation intensity greater than 10 W/cm².

EFFECT: invention provides an efficient technique of processing humate-containing substances, which enables to obtain water-soluble organic substances with high content of fulvic and humic acids with a simple process for production thereof, low labour input and material consumption of the process.

2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The group of inventions relates to the production technology of humic preparations and can be used in agriculture, in particular in crop production and livestock, as well as in medicine.

State of the art

The production technologies of humic preparations known today are mainly based on alkaline extraction of humic substances from the soil with subsequent purification.

In particular, a method for preparing liquid feeds and an installation for its implementation is known in the prior art, in which the preparation of humic acids and humates from peat or brown coal is carried out by cavitational dispersion of peat or brown coal in an aqueous alkali solution until the humic acids are completely released, followed by humates (patent RU 2316227, published 02/10/2008). The use of cavitation in technologies for producing humic preparations makes it possible to achieve their high physiological activity, a large yield of water-soluble organic substances, and hydrothermal synthesis reactions. In the cavitator, processes of dispersion, extraction, dissolution, disintegration of cellular structures, and cellulose destruction are synchronously going on. The physiological activity of humic preparations with disordered polymer structures of humic acids and their salts, obtained using cavitation, increases, since the disordered polymer structure of such substances with the conventional concept of molecular weight, the finer the more efficiently absorbed by the membranes of the plant cell structure. The main disadvantage of this method is the extremely complicated technology for obtaining the final product - organic fertilizer. This technology does not provide the ability to control in the resulting product the specified chemical and quantitative content of nutrients, this technology does not allow to obtain the final product with stable high-quality consumer properties. In addition, this method requires large energy and economic costs to equip such a complex technology.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method for producing organic fertilizers, based on cavitation dispersion of humate-containing substances in an aqueous solution of alkalis with subsequent additional maintenance of trace elements (patent RU No. 2350587, published 03/27/2009).

The disadvantage of cavitation methods is the inability to achieve high intensities of sound energy, which is necessary in most technologies for converting products.

Given that the organic substances of peat are composed of humic and fulvic acids, bitumen, cellulose, lignin, and the mineral part consists mainly of silicon, calcium, iron, aluminum and trace elements, peat fertilizer is ineffective, since the bulk of nitrogen is inaccessible form , in the composition of humic substances. Using alkaline extraction of peat, they achieve the availability of a number of substances to plant nutrition. However, the chemical method of isolating humic substances is not sufficiently effective, since the natural structure of humic preparations obtained by chemical extraction is destroyed. In addition, this method has such disadvantages as the complexity of the technological process of obtaining the final product, which in turn leads to significant energy and economic costs, as well as the impossibility of obtaining the final product with desired stable characteristics.

The prior art various organic fertilizers based on peat. In particular, from patent RU 2203255, published on April 27, 2003, liquid organic-mineral humic fertilizer is known which contains 2.0-4.0 g / l of humic acids, 0.92-1.8 g / l of fulvic acids, 8.0- 10.0 g / l of phosphorus (in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ), 14.4-16.0 g / l of potassium (in terms of K ₂ O) and up to 0.32 g / l of nitrogen, the main disadvantage of which is low content of humic and fulvic acids.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is to create an effective technology for the processing of humate-containing substances (peat, brown coal, chernozem), which allows to obtain water-soluble organic substances with a high content of fulvic and humic acids while simplifying the process of their production, reducing labor intensity and material consumption technological process, which, accordingly, leads to a reduction in the cost of the final product.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that when receiving humic preparations, ultrasonic dispersion of humate-containing substances is carried out, and at least one jet or vortex stream of humate-containing substances is created, which is treated with an air or steam stream using a gas-jet generator with an ultrasonic intensity of more than 10 W / cm ² . The input of the gas component due to the large acoustic power of the gas-jet generators leads to intense acoustic cavitation of the liquid component of the product. In the gas and liquid phases of the product, pulsating overpressures occur, leading to dispersion, emulsification and other processes. Due to the large area of contact of the acoustic wave of the gas stream with the liquid and solid components of the processed product, high-energy transmission is possible.

A method of producing humic preparations using acoustic effects on a multiphase product stream is characterized in that:

- creates the intensity of wave energy (more than 10 W / cm ² ), sufficient to achieve the destruction of the dispersed-aggregate state of the product and the necessary conversion of chemical bonds;

- used acoustic cavitation in a vortex or jet stream due to the energy of gas-jet generators;

- a heat and mass energy exchange process is used to carry out product transformations.

Obtained in the manner described above, the humic preparation (ultrahumate) is characterized by the following content of fulvic and humic acids:

Fulvic acids (calculated on absolutely dry matter) - 48.78%;

Humic acids (calculated on absolutely dry matter) - 16.34%.

Embodiment

Between the liquid phase of the flow and the gas, especially during vortex motion, a large contact area is created, which increases during the interaction due to dispersion in the emerging super pressures of the wave cluster cavitation process. The solid phase of the product also undergoes dispersion and various transformations of the starting material due to overpressures. This is achieved through the use of heat and mass energy exchange process, which consists in acoustic resonance excitation of one or more streams created in the jet chambers or vortex tubes, gas or steam input into which is carried out by gas-jet generators.

The main objective of the method for processing a multiphase product is to achieve the maximum intensity of ultrasound in the working chambers, sufficient for the destruction of the processed product.

It has been experimentally proved that when processing a vortex water-peat stream activated by the output air or steam stream of a gas-jet generator with an ultrasound intensity of more than 10 W / cm ² , a valuable substance is obtained with a high content of fulvic and humic acids (more than 65% in dry matter), and also other organic and mineral components available for plant nutrition.

, где d_c - диаметр сопла в сантиметрах, Р - давление газа в килограммах силы на сантиметр в квадрате при рабочем давленииThe proposed method of introducing a gas component due to the large acoustic power of gas-jet generators leads to intense acoustic cavitation of the liquid component of the product. In the gas and liquid phases of the product pulsating over pressure occurs, leading to dispersion, emulsification and other physicochemical processes. Due to the large area of contact of the acoustic wave of the gas stream with the liquid and solid components of the processed product, high-intensity energy can be transferred, which is not possible when energy is transferred from the solid surface of generators (piezoceramics, magnetostrictors) to the liquid product. The main problem of the transfer of high-intensity wave energy (10 W / cm ² or more) from the radiating surface to the liquid is the effect of the appearance of a “cavitation cloud” at the media boundary, which impedes energy transfer. Therefore, a method of transferring high intensity energy to a liquid and a dispersed solid product is required, which is carried out in the proposed method using gas-jet generators. During turbulent movement in the chambers of the product flow in a liquid, cavitation processes occur, which are amplified by acoustic cavitation due to the energy of gas-jet generators. The acoustic power of the Hartmann gas-jet generator $$N_{\dot{a}}=295d_c^2\sqrt{P-0.9}$$

where d _c is the nozzle diameter in centimeters, P is the gas pressure in kilograms of force per centimeter squared at operating pressure

P = 3 atm from formal transformations:

$$I=N_{\dot{a}}/S=295d_c^2\sqrt{P-0.9}/(\pi d_c^2/\mathrm{four})=376\sqrt{P-0.9}=544[\mathrm{AT}t/\mathrm{from}{m}^2].$$

The ratio is derived from the irradiation conditions of a site of equal nozzle area. Due to the scattering effect, the ultrasound intensity in the working cylinders will be lower than this value. The geometry of the working chambers and axial displacers can create zones of various intensities. Thus, the ultrasound intensity at the outlet of the gas-jet generator is much higher than the achieved intensity in hydrodynamic cavitators, in which, on average, I = 2 W / cm ² . Therefore, the processing efficiency of a multiphase product with this method is much higher. The power (square amplitude) of the gas-jet process is an order of magnitude greater than the similar characteristics of the hydrodynamic process. At this intensity, large local pressures arise (of the order of thousands of atmospheres), which leads to the destruction of the processed substance, since spherical shock waves form in the liquid when gas bubbles collapse. It has been found that the increase in supercompression occurs when the intensity of the acoustic wave increases, when using steam, when fluid drag is minimized, a large kinetic energy of the fluid is achieved, as well as in a cluster bubble process. Supercompression is enhanced in liquids with heavy molecules (organics) and at low temperatures.

The method of obtaining ultrafumate is as follows.

The intensification of heat and mass and energy exchange in the mechanical-physical-chemical process of transformations by the method of acoustic impact on the multiphase product stream is carried out in a reactor with ultrasonic gas-jet generators. Gas comes under pressure from an external source, such as a pump, compressor, first to a gas-jet generator and then through a nozzle to a vortex chamber. A dispersed solid product, such as peat, comes either in a mixture with the liquid phase — water, or with the gas phase — steam. In the case of the presence of a liquid phase in the vortex tube, wet grinding is performed (reduction in the particle size of the solid phase). In the absence of a liquid phase in the vortex tube, the solid component of the product is dry milled, which can be introduced either through the nozzle or through a gas-jet generator. During turbulent movement in the chambers of the product flow in a liquid, cavitation processes occur, which are amplified by acoustic cavitation due to the energy of gas-jet generators. In the process, the ultrahumate thickens to the required consistency.

Given that peat has a complex chemical composition, which is determined by the conditions of genesis, the chemical composition of peat-forming plants and the degree of decomposition, its composition can only be discussed in general terms, taking as its basis the so-called elemental composition of peat: carbon 50-60%, hydrogen 5 -6.5%, oxygen 30-40%, nitrogen 1-3%, sulfur 0.1-1.5% (sometimes 2.5) per combustible mass. Moreover, in the component composition of organic matter, the content of water-soluble substances is 1-5%, bitumen 2-10%, easily hydrolyzable compounds 20-40%, cellulose 4-10%, humic acids 15-50%, leasing 5-20%.

The above-described method of processing peat in a reactor with an ultrasound intensity in the working chambers of 50 W / cm ² allows one to obtain a substance - an ultrafine emulsion of peat (UDET) - ultrafumate, in which soluble organic matter is 87%, the mathematical expectation of the dispersion distribution is 1 μm.

The large capacity of the industrial plant is built according to the flow diagram with continuous processes of mixing and processing the water-peat stream in the reactor.

Below is a table of quantitative chemical indicators of ultrafumate obtained by processing the initial transitional peat, compiled at the K.A.A.A. Timiryazev (test report No. 108/10 of 12/27/2010).

Defined indicators Units rev. Research results Error characteristic Compliance with NTD Test method one 2 3 four 6 7 pH units pH 5,4 ± 0.2 acc. GOST 26423-85 Ash content (calculated on absolutely dry matter) % 28,4 ± 2.8 acc. GOST 27784-88 Ash content % 9.69 ± 0.96 acc. GOST 27784-88 Fulvic acids (calculated on completely dry matter) % 48.78 ± 4.88 acc. By Kononova-Belchikova Humic acids (calculated on absolutely dry matter) % 16.34 ± 1.63 acc. By Kononova-Belchikova Fulvic Acids % 16.65 ± 1.67 acc. By Kononova-Belchikova Humic acids % 5.58 ± 0.83 acc. By Kononova-Belchikova Total phosphorus (calculated on absolutely dry matter) % 2.69 ± 0.27 acc. GOST 26717-85 Total potassium (calculated on absolutely dry matter) % 2.08 ± 0.21 acc. GOST 26717-85 Phosphorus common % 0.92 ± 0.09 acc. GOST 26717-85 Potassium total % 0.71 ± 0.07 acc. GOST 26717-85 Organic matter (calculated on completely dry matter) % 71.6 ± 0.8 acc. GOST 27784-88 Organic matter % 24.44 ± 0.8 acc. GOST 27784-88

As can be seen from the table, the content of fulvic and humic acids in the ultrahumate is high. When separating the inorganic part of UDET, which is easy to carry out mechanically, the content of humates will obviously increase, and ultrafumate is obtained without any purification and can be directly used as a growth regulator and fertilizer, as well as as a feed additive for poultry.

The insoluble part of UDET consists mainly of silicon dioxide - sand. During electrolysis, ultrahumate is deposited on the electrode; after drying, it is a water-soluble solid (Ultrahumate E) with a humate content of more than 90%. This ultrahumate can be used as growth and fertilizer regulators for seed treatment, root and foliar feeding of plants, in drip irrigation systems, as well as feed supplement in animal husbandry. Dried Ultragumat E as well as the starting material may be in the form of granules or powder. It is advisable to use granular ultrahumate for root top dressing, since the high content of fulvic acids in the ultrahumate contributes to their rapid leaching.

Ultrahumate has a high biological activity and can be used not only in crop production and animal husbandry, but also in medicine. Peat, which is inaccessible for assimilation by plants, becomes in the form of ultrahumate not only a substance assimilated by plants, but also becomes an effective fertilizer and growth regulator. Combined organo-mineral fertilizer is most effective in crop production and its use contributes to the restoration of the humus layer of the soil.

The technology presented can fundamentally change the role of peat. Firstly, obtaining humates with a high content of fulvic and humic acids is simplified and becomes possible without the use of chemicals. In this case, the organic component of peat as a result of physico-chemical reactions becomes mostly water-soluble. Secondly, the performance of ultrahumate production plants can be achieved almost arbitrarily large.

The production technology of ultrahumates in ultrasonic reactors with gas-jet generators fundamentally changes the value of peat and makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of peat in agriculture and medicine.

Claims (2)

1. A method for producing humic preparations, including ultrasonic dispersion of humate-containing substances, characterized in that at least one jet or vortex stream of humate-containing substances is created, which is treated with an air or steam stream using a gas-jet generator with an ultrasonic intensity of more than 10 W / cm ² . 2. Humic preparation - ultrahumate obtained by the method described in paragraph 1.