RU2573358C1 - Method of production of humic substance and process line for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of humic substance comprises preliminary hydrodynamic water treatment, grinding peat, and preparing of water and peat suspension, ozonisation of water and peat suspension, exposure to alkaline reagent, cavitation, hydration and separation of the liquid fraction, at that the amount of the alkaline agent required for treatment of the peat and water suspension is determined by the neutralisation reaction of the aqueous suspension of peat (in the ratio of 1:3) with caustic potash pH 6.5-7.5. Also the process line for implementation of the method of production of humic preparation is described.

EFFECT: inventions enable to improve the quality of the final product.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of peat processing in order to obtain water-soluble humic substances used as stimulants for the growth and development of plants.

Humic substances are high-molecular natural organic formations characterized by instability of the chemical composition and being an integral part of the organic matter of the soil and peat. The use of a humic preparation for pre-sowing treatment of seeds or vegetative plants has a positive effect on the yield of all agricultural and ornamental crops, accelerates their growing season and increases resistance to adverse environmental factors: drought, frost, disease and pests, improves the quality of the products, inactivates the effect heavy metals and radionuclides.

The most common methods for the extraction of humic substances in a water-insoluble state in natural humified materials are based on the treatment of the latter with alkaline reagents in order to obtain water-soluble humate salts.

Alkaline water extraction is the basis of various methods for the production of water-soluble humates [1-5]. A common disadvantage of the above technical solutions is the presence in the final product of residual alkali, which has a negative effect on plants, as well as the presence of significant mineral ballast, which reduces the biological value of the resulting preparation. In addition, such solutions involve the use of a relatively large volume of alkali, which increases the cost of the final product.

To increase the yield of humic substances, the oxidation of the undecomposed organic part of peat using hydrogen peroxide is used [6]. A known method of obtaining a means to protect plants from diseases, including treating peat with sodium hydroxide with oxidation of the resulting mass with hydrogen peroxide for 1.5 hours in the presence of zeolite tuff as a catalyst, followed by separation of the liquid phase and the addition of aqueous ammonia [7] . The use of cavitation treatment of peat in an aqueous alkali solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide makes it possible to reduce the temperature from 120 ° C to 60 ° C and reduce the processing time from 1.5 hours to 30-75 minutes.

There is also a method of producing oxyhumates from peat [8], selected as the closest analogue, which consists in the fact that peat is first treated with a 2-10% aqueous alkali solution for 15 min in a rotary cavitation apparatus, and then oxidized in the same apparatus hydrogen peroxide in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight of dry peat for 15-60 minutes at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The disadvantage of the above methods is the use of hydrogen peroxide - an unstable oxidizing agent that decomposes rapidly during storage, which requires additional costs for its transportation and storage. In general, the use of cavitation in technologies for producing humic preparations makes it possible to achieve their high physiological activity, a large yield of water-soluble organic substances, and hydrothermal synthesis reactions.

Known technological installation for the preparation of liquid feed based on humified materials [9], including a line for the preparation of humic acids and humates, consisting of a weight batcher, belt conveyor, mixers, cavitation dispersant, containers for humic substances.

The disadvantage of the technological installation is the lack of equipment for grinding the initial humified materials, as well as the use of hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium for the oxidation of peat-water suspension, which increase the amount of mineral ballast in the final product.

The proposed method, which includes three important components, eliminates the disadvantages of similar processes and improve the quality of the final product. Preliminary preparation of water, which consists in intensive hydrodynamic treatment, leads to a change in its physicochemical properties, thereby ensuring high-quality extraction of humates with high biological activity from peat. The minimum amount of potassium alkali used in the process and determined by the neutralization reaction of an aqueous suspension of peat (in a ratio of 1: 3) to a pH of 6.5-7.5, avoids the presence of excess alkaline reagent in the product. Replacing ozone with a peat suspension of hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation reaction provides a safe and qualitatively new product.

The target product of the proposed method is a humic preparation containing a mixture of humic acids, salts of humic acids and mineral components of the starting products.

The inventive method includes the following main steps:

preliminary preparation of the starting products and their mechanical-chemical treatment.

Water treatment consists in its cavitation treatment, during which water is activated, which is a consequence of a change in its physicochemical properties. Thus prepared water contributes to a more complete release of humic acids.

The stage of preparation of dry alkali (KOH) involves weighing the required amount for the technological operation. The required amount of alkaline reagent is determined by the reaction of neutralization of an aqueous suspension of peat (in a ratio of 1: 3) with potassium alkali to a pH of 6.5-7.5.

Before the start of the technological process, peat is sieved on a vibrating screen to remove large impurities and fed into a weight batcher. From the weighing batcher, a measured amount of peat enters the mixer reactor, where, during the dispersion of the water-peat slurry with a mechanical dispersant, the peat is preliminarily ground.

The production line for the humic preparation contains a receiving hopper with a grate, a vibrating screen, weight batchers for peat, water and dry alkali, a belt conveyor, a water tank, a mixer reactor, a water cavitator-activator, an ozonizer, a hydrodynamic vortex cavitation dispersant, a hydration tank , high pressure pump, pumps for pumping humic preparation, mud pump for pumping sludge, fine and coarse filters, storage tanks, filling equipment for finished humic a new preparation, equipment for measuring and controlling the physicochemical parameters of the manufactured product.

The basic functional diagram of a production line for implementing the inventive method for producing a humic preparation is shown in FIG. one:

1 - receiving hopper with a grate;

2 - vibrating screen;

3-belt conveyor;

4 - peat dispenser;

5 - dispenser dry alkaline reagent;

6 - a container for water;

7 - high pressure pump;

8 - cavitator-activator of water;

9 - ozonizer;

10 - reactor-mixer;

11 - high pressure pump;

12 - vortex hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant;

13 - capacity of hydration;

14 - mud pump;

15 - tank for sediment;

16 - pump for the supply of humic substances;

17- coarse filter;

18 - fine filter;

19 - storage tanks;

20 - pump for feeding humic preparation for packaging;

21 - filling and packaging equipment.

The process of mechanochemical processing of humified material begins with preparatory operations. From the receiving hopper 1, milling low-lying peat with a degree of decomposition of at least 30% and humidity of at least 50%, to remove large inclusions, is fed to a vibrating screen 2 with a screening surface in the form of flat sieves with a mesh size of not more than 5 mm. On a conveyor belt 3 prepared peat enters the dispenser 4. The necessary amount of dry KOH alkali is loaded into the dispenser 5. Using the pump 7, water is pumped from the tank 6 into the cavitator-activator 8, where preliminary hydrodynamic processing takes place.

Pre-prepared water, peat and alkali during the process are loaded into the reactor-mixer 10 in a ratio of 3: 1: 0.015-0.020 kg.

The process of converting the humified material into a humic preparation directly begins with loading prepared peat and water from the cavitator-activator 8 through a batcher 4 through a batcher 4. In a reactor-mixer 10 equipped with a mechanical stirrer with special nozzles, as well as control and measuring equipment, peat grinding processes, oxidation of undecomposed organic substances, the transition of peat humic acids into salts (humates). The process of mixing peat-water suspension is carried out at room temperature for 15-20 minutes until a homogeneous composition is achieved. During the preliminary dispersion, the peat-water suspension is subjected to ozone treatment with ozonizer 9 for 5-10 minutes, resulting in the oxidation of undecomposed organics, saturation of the mixture with oxygen and its sterilization.

After ozonation, the water-peat mixture is treated with an alkaline reagent, which enters the mixer 10 from the dispenser 5. Next, the peat-water suspension is supplied using a high pressure pump 11 to the vortex hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant 12. The vortex hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant provides mechanical crushing, emulsification, thermal heating and destruction of intercellular and intermolecular bonds of organic matter with the simultaneous disinfection of peat. During the cavitation processes, the peat-water suspension is mixed and heated to 40 ° C, while humic acids react with alkalis to form humate salts. If necessary, the suspension is driven through a vortex hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant for several cycles.

Next, the resulting suspension enters the hydration tank 13, where it is aged for 72 hours. The hydration process contributes to a more complete release of humic substances and the binding of their molecules to complexes that have a positive effect on plants. The sludge is pumped out by a mud pump 14 into storage tanks 15 and disposed of, and humic substances are pumped through a coarse filter 17 and fine filter 18 to the stage-by-stage filter 16.

The resulting product is dark brown or black in color, having high sorption, ion exchange, complexing, chelating, flocculating, coagulating and biological activity, enters the storage tanks 19. From the storage tanks, the drug is pumped 20 to the packaging equipment 21.

To increase agrochemical activity, depending on the needs of cultivated soils and cultivated crops, microelements necessary for the growth and development of plants (silicon, selenium, sulfur, boron and others) are added to the base humic preparation in a chelated form.

The implementation of the proposed method is illustrated by the following example.

Example. Peat lowland milling with a degree of decomposition of 25-35%, humidity 55-65% is cleaned of large mechanical impurities and sifted on a vibrating screen to a particle size of not more than 5 mm; 50 kg of prepared peat is fed to the mixer reactor. In order to prepare water, it is poured into a container and, with the help of a high-pressure pump, is driven through a cavitator-activator for 5-10 minutes (depending on the volume of liquid). During this treatment, a change in the physicochemical properties of water is achieved, in particular, a change in its redox potential to the alkaline side, which contributes to an increase in the yield of peat humic substances. The dosing device delivers 150 l of prepared water to the mixer reactor. After the loading of peat and water into the reactor-mixer is completed, mechanical crushing of peat begins. During this preliminary dispersion, the suspension is treated with ozone, which is supplied under pressure from the ozonizer for 3-5 minutes, as a result of which the suspension is enriched with oxygen and sterilized. Next, 750 g of dry potassium alkali KOH is introduced into the mixing reactor.

The mixing process is carried out at room temperature for 15-20 minutes until a homogeneous composition is achieved.

The resulting suspension by a high pressure pump is passed through a cavitation dispersant into a hydration tank. In this case, intensified grinding of peat particles and its additional sterilization (due to the high temperatures arising in the cavitation chamber during processing of the suspension) occur. In a hydration tank, a peat-water suspension is kept for 72 hours to undergo chemical reactions, during which active complexes of humic substances are formed, as well as precipitation of mechanical impurities in the form of sand and undecomposed organics. The separated liquid fraction of the humic preparation is pumped through the coarse and fine filters to the storage tanks. The concentrated black solution with a brown tint is a basic liquid humic preparation with a content of humic acids of at least 50 g / l and a pH of 6.5-7.5. The yield of finished products is 80-95% of the volume of the suspension. Semi-liquid sludge from the reactor is pumped by a mud pump into a sludge tank. Sediment of peat (15-20% of the suspension volume) can be further used to activate microflora during composting and fermentation of manure, preparation of a substrate for vermiculture, and improvement of soils and soils.

Information sources

1. Kravchenko R.N. and others. Technological mode of obtaining humates from peat and some characteristics of the drug. Collection ″ Humic fertilizers. Theory and practice of their application ″. Ed. ″ Dnepropetrovsk Agricultural Institute ″, 1983, p. 62-67.

2. RF patent for the invention No. 2501304, application No. 2012134932 from 08/15/2012, publ. December 20, 2013

3. RF patent for the invention No. 2001038, application No. 4940012 from 05/30/1991, publ. 10/15/1993

4. RF patent for the invention No. 2216528, application No. 2002111888 from 05/08/2002, publ. November 20, 2003

5. RF patent for the invention No. 2083537, application No. 5063453 of 08/04/1992, publ. 07/10/1997

6. Bambalov N.N., Smychnik T.P. The destruction of humic acids of peat with hydrogen peroxide. // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Ser. Chemical. - 1986.

7. RF patent for the invention No. 2216172, application 2002105461 of 02.28.2002, publ. November 20, 2003

8. RF patent for the invention No. 2370478, application No. 2007134557 from 09.17.2007, publ. 04/10/2009

9. RF patent for the invention No. 2316227, application No. 2006113749 from 04.21.2006, publ. 02/10/2008

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a humic preparation, including preliminary hydrodynamic treatment of water, grinding peat and preparing a water-peat suspension, ozonation of a water-peat suspension, exposure to an alkaline reagent, cavitation, hydration and separation of the liquid fraction, characterized in that the amount of alkaline reagent required for treatment of a peat-water suspension is determined by the reaction of neutralization of an aqueous suspension of peat (in a ratio of 1: 3) with potassium alkali to a pH of 6.5-7.5. 2. A production line for implementing a method for producing a humic preparation, including a receiving hopper with a grate, a vibrating screen, a belt conveyor, a peat dispenser, a dry alkaline reagent dispenser, a water tank, a high pressure pump, a water activator cavitator, an ozonizer, a reactor-mixer equipped with mechanical stirrer and control equipment, high pressure pump, vortex hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant, hydration tank, mud pump, sediment tank, humic feed pump substances, a coarse filter, a fine filter, storage tanks, a pump for supplying humic preparation to packaging, packaging equipment.

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