RU2748166C1 - Method for producing a plant growth stimulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method for producing a plant growth stimulator includes the interaction of peat and water until the hydromodule is 9.5:1, followed by the addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide upon heating, separation of the liquid phase and its drying, while the peat suspension, after reaching the hydromodule, is mechanically activated in a rotary pulsation apparatus, with the indication of the frequency regulator of the apparatus of 45 Hz in a closed loop for 3 minutes, after which heating is carried out at a temperature of 115-130°C for 3 hours with the addition of 20-50% concentrated aqueous ammonia and 20 -30% concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide on an absolutely dry mass of peat, followed by concentration of the liquid phase in vacuum at 65 ± 5°C until a dry residue is obtained.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the yield of the target product up to 90% per organic mass of peat while maintaining the quality indicators and biological activity of the target product.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to methods for producing humates from peat, which are used as a plant growth stimulator.

Humic substances are amorphous dark-brown high-molecular natural organic formations characterized by instability of the chemical composition and are a component of the organic matter of soil, bottom sediments, peat, etc. Humic substances are powerful stimulators of plant growth and development and are widely used in the national economy as components of organic fertilizers.

The agrochemical value of peat is determined mainly by its organic part (humic and fulvic acids). However, due to the low availability of organic matter, the original peat shows little fertilization properties. An activator of peat organic matter can be aqueous solutions of alkalis and ammonia, which extract humic substances in the form of water-soluble humates (Orlov D.S. Humic substances in the biosphere. // Soros educational journal. - 1997. - No. 2. - P.56-63 ).

A known method of obtaining liquid suspended peat humic fertilizers, including mixing peat with a 1.0-2.5% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and mixing peat with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is carried out in a ratio of 1: 4-5, in the process of mixing into the mixture periodically add caustic potassium, maintaining its concentration in the solution no more than the initial one, while the addition of caustic potassium to the mixture is stopped when the concentration of humic acids in the solution stabilizes (RF patent 2001038, S05F11 / 02, publ. 15.10.1993).

The disadvantage of this method is the high concentration of the liquid component of the fertilizer and the incomplete conversion of humic substances of peat into compounds that could be easily assimilated by plants, and, consequently, the fertilizing properties of the resulting fertilizer are insufficient.

A known method of obtaining humic fertilizers and plant growth stimulants, which are obtained when processing peat with solutions of alkali and hydrogen peroxide, ammonization of lowland peat with 80% moisture content is carried out with a solution of ammonia and urea at 80-90 ° C for 3-3.5 hours, mass the ratio of peat and 10% ammonia solution is 1: 0.4, the amount of urea is 100% based on anhydrous ammonia, microelements and solutions obtained by sequential processing of lowland peat with 80% moisture content of 3% are added to the peat activated by ammonia aqueous KOH solution for 10 hours at 20 ° C and 10% hydrogen peroxide solution at 80-90 ° C for 1.5-2 hours, the ratio of peat, 3% KOH solution and 10% hydrogen peroxide solution is 1: 12: 2, to neutralize the increased alkalinity of the fertilizer and the binding of ammonia, a 25% solution of orthophosphoric acid is used, while the amount of peat activated by ammonia in the fertilizer is 20-50 wt% (RF patent 2071459, C06F11 / 02, publ. 10.01.1997).

The resulting fertilizer provides in the soil the optimal concentration of nutrients and humus components - salts of humic acids in the soil, as well as a decrease in their losses

The known method has a large number of chemical components, which complicates and increases the cost of the fertilizer preparation process. In addition, the method requires the use of elevated temperatures and is energy intensive, which also contributes to the complication of the production process and the rise in the cost of products.

The closest in technical essence is a method for producing a plant growth stimulator, including processing peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide when heated, separating the liquid phase and drying it (RF patent 2213452, A01N 65/00, publ. 10.10.2003). The method includes three stages of the process: hydrolysis of peat in an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of an oxidizing agent - hydrogen peroxide, separation of the liquid phase and drying of the product. To implement the known method requires one extractor and one container for the liquid phase - a plant growth stimulator.

The disadvantage of this method is the processing of the peat suspension is carried out at 120 ° C, which does not provide a deeper decomposition of peat and an increase in the yield of the target product. The low content of humic acids in the target product of the prototype method reduces the economic efficiency of its use in agricultural production.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to develop a method for producing a plant growth stimulator in order to increase the yield of the target product up to 90% per organic mass of peat while maintaining the quality indicators and biological activity of the target product and reducing the consumption of the reagents used.

The problem is solved by the fact that the method for producing a plant growth stimulator includes the interaction of peat and water until a hydromodulate of 9.5: 1 is reached, followed by the addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide upon heating, separation of the liquid phase and its drying, but unlike the prototype After reaching the hydromodulate, the peat suspension is mechanically activated in a rotary-pulsating apparatus, when the frequency regulator of the apparatus is 45 Hz in a closed loop for 3 minutes, after which it is heated at a temperature of 115-130 ° C for 3 hours with the addition of 20-50 % concentrated aqueous ammonia and 20-30% concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution on an absolutely dry mass of peat, followed by concentration of the liquid phase in vacuum at 65 ± 5 ° C until a dry residue is obtained.

An example of a specific implementation of the invention is given below.

Example. 1000 g of sedge peat with a moisture content of 60% is loaded into the buffer tank of the rotary-pulsating apparatus, moistened with 3200 ml of water until the hydromodule is 9.5: 1, when the frequency regulator of the apparatus is 45 Hz, the pulp is mechanically activated in a closed loop for 3 minutes, after which the pulp is loaded into an autoclave, 100 ml of a 25% ammonia solution is poured, which corresponds to 250 ml of a 10% ammonia solution or 5.7 wt.% per 100 ml of a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, which corresponds to 300 ml of 10% - hydrogen peroxide or 6.8 wt.%.

The autoclave is closed and heated. Further processing is carried out at 125 ° C for four hours with stirring. The resulting suspension is separated by centrifugation. Then the liquid phase (plant growth stimulant) is concentrated in a vacuum at 55 ± 5 ° C until a dry residue is obtained. The weight of the humic plant growth stimulator is 360 g or 85% of the organic mass of peat.

Dry humic plant growth stimulant is a brown powder, readily soluble in water.

Table 1 shows the results on the values of the yield of humic acids at a certain temperature.

Compared with the prototype, it has been shown that an increase in temperature increases the conversion (transition) of humic compounds into solution, but when the temperature rises to 130 ° C, processes occur that reduce the yield of such substances, which is possibly associated with the destruction of organic structures.

The output of humic acids was determined according to GOST 9517-94. Sampling was carried out in accordance with GOST 5396-77.

The claimed method makes it possible to increase the yield of the target product up to 90% per organic mass of peat while maintaining the quality indicators and biological activity of the target product and reducing the consumption of the reagents used.

Table 1

Moisture content of the original peat,% Temperature, ° С Experience number Target product yield Content of humic acids in the liquid phase The output of humic acids,% of the total content in peat Gross nitrogen content Green mass of pea seedlings,% to control r % of dry organic matter of peat In a dry preparation,% on a.d.w. In a liquid preparation,
% on a.d.w. 60 115 one 316 78 2.1 75 6.3 12.1 150 2 315 75 2.5 73 6.2 12.2 155 3 300 72 2,3 76 5.1 12.0 152 four 302 72 2,3 75 5.0 12.1 151 five 320 81 2.4 77 6.1 11.8 154 120 one 338 87 3.2 84 7.1 13.3 159 2 342 89 3.5 85 7.5 13.6 156 3 325 82 3.0 83 6.9 12.8 154 four 328 85 3.1 85 7.2 12.9 155 five 315 74 2.5 82 6.3 12.1 152 125 one 340 88 4.1 90 7.0 14.2 170 2 345 90 4.5 93 8.3 13.6 167 3 342 86 4.2 89 8.5 13.9 169 four 341 88 3.9 91 6.9 14.8 168 five 345 87 4.4 87 7.2 13.5 172 130 one 321 81 2.5 79 6.2 12.5 152 2 320 80 2.4 78 6.1 13.2 151 3 335 86 3.2 80 7.0 11.9 158 four 325 84 3.0 77 6.9 13.1 153 five 330 85 3.1 81 7.3 12.1 152 Prototype
60 120 one 340 85 4.0 80 6.8 12.9 160

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a plant growth stimulator, including the interaction of peat and water until a hydromodule of 9.5: 1 is reached, followed by the addition of an aqueous solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide upon heating, separation of the liquid phase and its drying, characterized in that the peat suspension is mechanically activated after reaching the hydromodule in a rotary-pulsating apparatus, with the indication of the frequency regulator of the apparatus at 45 Hz in a closed loop for 3 minutes, after which heating is carried out at a temperature of 115-130 ° C for 3 hours with the addition of 20-50% concentrated water ammonia and 20-30% concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide on an absolutely dry mass of peat, followed by concentration of the liquid phase in vacuum at 65 ± 5 ° C until a dry residue is obtained.