RU2754272C1 - Method for obtaining soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A method for obtaining soil based on organic components that are pre-crushed and mixed, and flax production waste is used as organic components, unhumified flax bark and hemp bark, which are activated by treating with a 10-20% solution of phosphoric acid, the resulting mixture is mixed and additional activation is carried out by treating it with a solution of ammonium dihydrophosphate, and from the humified hemp bark of technical hemp and flax bark of linen flax taken in an equal ratio, adding a solution of potassium hydroxide, a humic-fulvate complex is obtained, which is filtered by separating the filtrate from the solid phases, while the biomass of previously activated unhumified flax and hemp costra is used as a filter, the resulting solid fractions are mixed, up to 4% ammonium nitrate and 1% fine sulfur are added to the mixture, mixed and dried to an air-dry state.

EFFECT: invention increases the yield of agricultural crops.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in horticultural farms, greenhouses for growing seedlings and when planting and cultivating plants using soil, in particular, when sowing seeds of agricultural crops, garden, medicinal plants, planting bulbs or corms, and also for growing seedlings of plants in containers.

The composition of the soil is known (patent RU No. 2288907, C05F 11/00, 10.12.2006), containing peat, sand and a humus-containing component, which is used as a bioorganic fertilizer obtained by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and shredded wood waste with the following ratio of components , wt. %

Peat 25-30 Sand 50-60 Bioorganic fertilizer 2-5 Sawdust rest

There is a known method for preparing a substrate (patent RU No. 2013942), including mixing peat with mineral fertilizers, lime and micronutrient fertilizers, characterized in that additionally, when mixing, natural zeolite is introduced in an amount of 3.79-19.62 kg per 100 kg of substrate. The main disadvantage of this method is that the resulting substrate does not have a sufficiently high water-air regime.

There is also known a method of obtaining a biologically active agent for plant growth and development (patent RU No. 2264460). The method includes preliminary grinding of organic waste and peat at a ratio of 50:50 components, followed by mixing them, introducing potassium phosphate in the mixture in an amount of 0.01-0.5 wt. % of the initial mixture, additional mixing of the components and carrying out the bioconversion process in two stages at an elevated temperature.

Soils obtained by these known methods expand the range of plant nutrient mixtures, but their main disadvantage is that they have an insufficient amount of organic matter, in addition, they have a low biological activity and a high content of water-soluble nutrients, which affects their quality. In addition, they contain natural minerals and components (peat, zeolite), i.e. non-renewable natural ingredients.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a method for producing biofertilizers (patent RU No. 2458894), which includes mixing sapropel and chopped straw, composting and aeration, and sapropel and straw are mixed in a ratio of 2.5: 1, moisten, maintain the moisture content of the mixture within 60-70%, and the temperature regime of the external environment - within 10-30 ° C.

The invention improves the provision of cultivated plants with a complex of mineral substances. However, the known method does not sufficiently ensure the optimal ratio of organic matter and macrocomponents, and in this case, non-renewable sources of organic and mineral components, which are synthesized in nature for many hundreds of years, are also used.

After analyzing the current state of the art, it was revealed that a technical problem in this area is an insufficient range of soils with an optimal ratio of organic matter and macrocomponents in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for sowing and growing various crops, as well as for growing seedlings of plants in containers ...

The expected technical result of the proposed technical solution is an increase in the yield of agricultural crops, due to the provision of the grown plants with the whole complex of necessary organic substances and macrocomponents.

The solution to this problem and the achievement of the claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of preparing soil, based on organic components, which are pre-crushed and mixed, flax production waste is used as organic components - non-humified flax and hemp, which are activated by processing 10-20% a solution of phosphoric acid, the resulting mixture is stirred and additional activation is carried out by treating it with a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and from humified hemp hemp and flax flax, taken in equal proportions, adding a solution of potassium hydroxide, a humic-fulvate complex is obtained, which is filtered, filtrate from the solid phase, while the biomass of the previously activated non-humified flax and hemp is used as a filter. The sorbed humic-fulvate complex and the biomass of the activated non-humified flax and hemp are mixed until homogeneous, up to 4% ammonium nitrate and about 1% of fine sulfur are added to the resulting mixture, everything is mixed and dried to an air-dry state. If necessary, the prepared mixture is compressed before drying into a tablet.

Treatment of non-humified hemp and non-humified flax with solutions of phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate increases the sorption characteristics of the fire, the formation of labile complexes of macro- and microcomponents on the surface of the fire.

In the process of processing plant raw materials of technical hemp, a significant amount of plant waste remains in the form of a fire, stored in dumps (a fire is an indirect, lignified part of the stem of technical hemp, formed in the process of primary processing of trusts (extraction of hemp fiber by scutching). Penkocostra consists of cellulose ( 45-58%), lignin (21-29%), pentosans (23-26%) and other components and is an excellent natural organo-mineral fertilizer that saturates the soil with macro- and microelements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese , silicon in optimal combinations.

Similarly, in the process of processing plant raw materials of fiber flax, after the extraction of flax fiber, a significant amount of plant waste remains in the form of flax, stored in dumps (fire is an indirect, lignified part of the stem of fiber flax, is formed during the primary processing of flax trusts. cellulose (48-62%), lignin (18-25%), pentosans (20-25%) and other components, contains up to 3-5% ash mineral macro- and microelements, such as: phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium , manganese, silicon and others.

In the dumps, over time, under the influence of natural and climatic factors and microorganisms, waste in the form of a flax fire undergoes humification and mineralization processes with the formation of valuable humic substances. These specific organic compounds are components of high molecular weight nitrogen-containing acids, the elemental composition of which varies depending on the feedstock and formation conditions. In the process of humification for 12 months, flax also acquires a dark brown color with a completely changed structure. These are new, environmentally friendly and completely natural and annually renewable products.

Finely dispersed sulfur is also a waste of the oil refining industry and an important biogenic element. The average sulfur content in the most important oil-bearing regions of the country ranges from 0.4 to 5.3%. More than 1 million tons of sulfur is annually extracted with oil, which is stored in dumps. Sulfur introduced into the soil has a fungicidal effect and reduces the damage to seedlings and plants by diseases and repels pests due to the oxidation of sulfur to sulfur dioxide. At the same time, sulfur oxide is actively sorbed on the surface of hemp and flax and is gradually released into the atmosphere, thereby providing long-term fungicidal treatment and protection of plants from diseases and pests.

The following are examples of the implementation of the method, which clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving a technical result in various embodiments of the invention.

Example 1.

Two agricultural crops were used for the test: radish and oil flax. A fertile soil according to RU patent No. 2458894 was used as a control option.

The soil was prepared as follows: 20 g of non-humified flax from fiber flax of the Voskhod variety and 20 g of non-humified hemp of industrial hemp of the Surskaya variety were pre-activated by treatment with 50 g of a phosphoric acid solution, which contained 5 g of phosphoric acid. The components of the resulting mixture were thoroughly mechanically mixed for 1-2 minutes. Then, activation was additionally performed by treating 50 g of a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing 5 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The components of the resulting mixture were also thoroughly mechanically mixed for 1-2 minutes. Get a mixture No. 1.

Next, mixing 30 g of humified hemp of technical hemp of the Surskaya variety and 30 g of humified flax of fiber flax of the Voskhod variety, got the mixture No. 2.

1 liter of warm (temperature 35-40 ° C) potassium hydroxide solution containing 6 g of potassium hydroxide is added to mixture No. 2, thoroughly mechanically mixed and left for 2 hours to completely extract soluble components in the form of a humic-fulvate complex. Then, from the mixture No. 2, the filtrate is separated from the solid phase by passing the solution through a filter, which is a mixture No. 1. The dark humic-fulvate complex was sorbed on the surface of the mixture No. 1, and the light filtrate was removed. After that, the solid fractions of mixture No. 1 and mixture No. 2 are mixed, added to the resulting mixture 2 g of ammonium nitrate, added 1 g of fine sulfur, thoroughly mechanically mixed and allowed to dry to an air-dry state. The resulting soil can be used immediately after production and, if necessary, for example, for growing seedlings, the finished mixture is compressed before drying, giving the shape of a tablet.

The mixture was thoroughly mixed and placed in vegetative vessels, in which the seeds of radish and oil flax taken for the experiments were sown. A variant of the prototype was used as a control.

Example 2.

Similarly to example 1, a soil was prepared for growing plants with the maximum quantitative value of the components taken: humified hemp of industrial hemp - 24 g, humified flax - 24 g, unhumified hemp of industrial hemp - 16.3 g, unhumified flax - 16.3 g of fiber , potassium hydroxide - 8.5 g, ammonium nitrate - 3.0 g, fine sulfur - 1 g, phosphoric acid - 10.5 g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate - 7.3 g.

All prepared versions of soils were tested in a greenhouse.

Soil for growing plants, obtained by the proposed method, using as

humus-containing component, humified hemp of industrial hemp taken from the middle layers of dumps, humified in vivo germinating seeds and growing plants, had sufficient water resistance, retained moisture well, contained the entire complex of nutrients necessary during the entire process of growing plants. At the same time, during the cultivation of plants, further biodegradation of hemp and flax was observed, which led to the growth of soil organisms, enriching the composition with compounds that contribute to a reduction in the timing of the onset of fruiting and an increase in crop yields. At the same time, sulfur introduced into the composition of the soil has a fungicidal effect and reduces the damage to seedlings and plants by diseases and repels pests due to the oxidation of sulfur to sulfur dioxide. At the same time, sulfur oxide is actively sorbed on the surface of hemp and flax and is gradually released into the atmosphere, thereby providing fungicidal treatment and protection of plants from diseases and pests.

The proposed method of obtaining soil for growing plants makes it possible to increase the yield of agricultural crops, by providing the grown plants with the whole complex of necessary organic substances and macrocomponents, expands the range of plant natural nutrient mixtures, is based on the use of available raw materials and waste, is not difficult to prepare, can be used in open and closed ground and for a long time, because is a long-term source of organic nutrients and is able to maintain its structure for a long time, is biodegradable in the environment.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining soil based on organic components, which are pre-crushed and mixed, characterized in that flax production wastes are used as organic components - non-humified flax and hemp, which are activated by treatment with a 10-20% solution of phosphoric acid, the resulting mixture is stirred and carried out additional activation, treating it with a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and from humified hemp hemp of industrial hemp and flax flax, taken in equal proportions, adding a solution of potassium hydroxide, a humic-fulvate complex is obtained, which is filtered, separating the filtrate from the solid phase, while serving as The filter uses the biomass of previously activated non-humified flax and hemp, the resulting solid fractions are mixed, added to the mixture up to 4% ammonium nitrate and 1% fine sulfur, mixed and dried to an air-dry state. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, if necessary, the prepared mixture is compressed before drying into a tablet.