RU2486736C1 - Method of increasing of soil fertility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes straw plowback when inoculation of microorganisms of the biological products applied. In the period of harvesting cereal crops the straw is scattered on the field, treating it with a mixture of biological products Barkon and Baikal EM-1. On the surface of the stubble remains the clay Dialbeculit is placed in the amount of 4-5 t/ha, plowing the entire mass of the soil in 20-30 days. After 2-3 weeks, green manure crop is sown - Trifolium apertum, plowing its herbage in spring prior to sowing of warm-season crops.

EFFECT: method enables to shorten the process of humification of soil during the period of harvesting cereal crops, to simplify the method and to increase the fertility of soil within a short period.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can find application in soil cultivation, increasing its fertility.

There is a method of increasing soil fertility in which zeolite is added in a mixture with bird droppings, straw, reproductive crops, husks of cereals and sawdust of wood crops in the amount of 8-10 t / ha (patent 2199193 from 02.27.2003, IPC A01B 13 / 16, A01B 79/00, A01 / B79 / 02).

The known method is time-consuming and costly, since the preparation of such a mixture requires the collection of these ingredients. In addition, the delivery of natural zeolite from the Khotynetsky deposit to other regions due to high costs is not always possible, and the zeolite itself requires grinding (at least 0.01 mm). All these parameters reduce the effectiveness of the technical solution.

There is also known a method where zeolite is mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the ingredients of the mixture are also ground, which complicates the method (patent No. 2259032 from 08.28.2008, IPC A01C 21/00).

A known method in which the grinding of the ingredients of the mixture is carried out separately, and the introduction of the composition is carried out to the depth of seed germination (patent No. 2147394 from 04/20/2000, IPC A01B 79/00, IPC A01B 79/02).

This method is not effective enough due to the numerous grinding and termination of the composition to the depth of the sown seeds.

A well-known solution is the method in which fertilizers and zeolite are applied after harvesting winter cereal crops according to the formed rolls, and green manure crops are sown in the roll space (patent No. 2189720 dated 08.28.2002, IPC A01C 21/00).

The disadvantage of this method is that the formed rolls are obtained by separate harvesting of grain crops, and the siderates sown between the rollers do not create the formation of sufficiently high yields of green mass, and do not provide sufficient input of organic substances into the soil. Moreover, the decomposition of straw is ineffective.

The closest technical solution is a method in which to improve the humification of the soil, use the biological product Barkon, smelling the straw of grain and leguminous crops when inoculated with microorganisms (Rusakova I.V., Vorobyev N.I. “The influence of the biological product Barkon on the process of humification of straw” // Journal “Agrochemistry” 2011, No. 1, p. 48-55).

The prototype method is characterized by the following disadvantages:

- a number of nutrients are absent in the soil (phosphorus, potassium - especially on sod-podzolic soils with acidity),

- a biological product decomposes the remains of straw for a long time,

- before inoculation with a biological product, it is necessary to chop the straw to a size of 1-1.5 cm,

- when decomposing straw, humidity of at least 60% and a temperature of 22-24 ° C are necessary.

All these parameters complicate the method, lengthen the process of humification of the soil.

The technical result is a simplification of the method, reducing the process of humification of the soil.

The technical solution of the claimed object is achieved by the fact that the straw obtained is scattered across the field during the harvesting of crops, treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of biological products Barkon and Baikal EM-1, and Dialbekulit clay in the amount of 4-5 t / ha is placed on the surface of the straw, smelling the whole mass into the soil after 20-30 days, and after 2-3 weeks, a green manure is sown - open-clover, smelling it in the spring before sowing heat-loving crops.

The method is as follows. During the ripening of winter cereal crops (winter wheat, winter barley, etc.), leguminous crops (soybean, peas, beans, etc.), when threshing with a combine, a large amount of straw is formed, which is stored and transported from the field for further use to feed livestock.

In the claimed facility, straw is scattered across the field while harvesting the grain with a combine.

Immediately after cleaning, an aqueous solution of Barkon and Baikal EM-1 biological preparations is prepared. The Barkon biological product was developed at VNIISKhM and contains a complex of effective microorganisms - humifiers, which degrade cellulose-lignin complexes in plant biomass and their subsequent transformation into humic substances.

The Baikal EM-1 biological product contains more than 80 types of microorganisms that enhance the decomposition of straw under anaerobic conditions when plowed into the soil.

Following watering with a biological product, a layer of zeolite-like clay Dialbekulit is applied at a dose of 4-5 t / ha, covering moist straw with a layer of 3-4 cm.

Dialbekulit (the floodplain of the Terek River) contains silicon - 46.5%, calcium - 37%, zinc, iron, copper, nickel in the range 1.2-2%, manganese - 10.2%, phosphorus - 0.2%, potassium - 0.9%, the reaction of the medium is pH-9.16. In addition, microdoses in clay contain cobalt, magnesium and other trace elements. No heavy metals and radionuclides were detected in clay.

Unlike Zeolites used in the known methods, Dialbekulit is highly soluble in water and, like them, has a high sorption ability to absorb moisture and toxic substances in the soil. Covering the introduced biological products, clay creates favorable conditions for the decomposition of straw. After 20-30 days, straw under the influence of biological products decomposes much faster and easily smells along with clay into the soil.

Usually winter crops are harvested for grain in late July. Smelling the mass after 20-30 days, favorable conditions are created for cultivating the soil and sowing the green manure of open-clover clover, an annual crop (2-3 weeks after plowing the straw). Clover sowing is carried out in mid-September. In spring, clover grows rapidly, forming a mass sufficient for sideral culture (within 25-30 t / ha) and the amount of biological nitrogen due to nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of legumes (80-100 kg / ha). Therefore, without the introduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, favorable conditions are created for the development of microorganisms and the formation of humus - indicators of soil fertility.

Example 1. Carried out the harvesting of grain of winter wheat on July 18. During the harvesting period, straw was not accumulated in the hopper, but scattered evenly across the field at the time of threshing grain. After harvesting, a mixture of biological products Barkon and Baikal EM-1 was prepared at the rate of 1 part of each preparation (10 ml per 1 liter of water). Non-chlorinated water was taken from mountain sources, diluting biological products in it. A solution in the amount of 400 liters per hectare, followed by watering applied a layer of 3-4 cm clay Dialbekulit in an amount of 4-5 t / ha. After 20 days (August 7-8), the straw was plowed into the soil. At the end of August, the soil was prepared for sowing clover and sown in early September. In the spring, in the 3rd decade of April, the green mass of open-clover clover was plowed, followed by sowing in the first decade of May of a heat-loving crop - corn.

Example 2. Harvesting winter peas was carried out in the 3rd decade of June, scattering straw and threshed flaps evenly across the field with a combine. After harvesting, straw was poured with a mixture of biological products Barkon and Baikal EM-1 at the rate of 10 ml of water per 1 liter of water. Immediately after watering, Dialbeculite clay was added at the rate of 5 t / ha. After 30 days, post-harvest residues (straw and pea flaps) were plowed into the soil and 20 days later clover was sown, which was plowed on green manure in early May next year, followed by sowing of corn.

The results of the experiments are summarized in the table, from which it follows that the decomposition of cellulose in comparison with the prototype increases by 20%, and the amount of humus in the sod-gley soil increases by 0.54%.

Experience Options Cellulose decomposition,% Humus% The coefficient of humification of straw Prototype (straw + Barcon + nitrogen fertilizers) 62.5 4.62 0.34 Straw + Dialbekulit 60,2 4,58 0.28 Straw + Dialbekulit + Barcon 68.6 4.65 0.36 Straw + Dialbekulit + Barcon + Baikal EM-1 72.0 4.68 0.38 Straw + Dialbekulit + Barkon + Baikal EM-1 (stocking of a spare part for 10-15 days) 76.0 4.79 0.42 Straw + Dialbekulit + Barkon + Baikal EM-1 (stocking of spare parts for 20-30 days) 79.5 5.01 0.45 Proposed 82,4 5.16 0.48

In addition, significantly reduced the cost of chopping straw (as in the prototype), the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers.

Therefore, using crop residues mixed with clay and biological products, it is possible to significantly increase soil fertility in a relatively short period.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing soil fertility, including stowing straw during inoculation of microorganisms introduced biological products, characterized in that during the harvesting of crops, straw is scattered across the field, treating it with a mixture of biological products Barkon and Baikal EM-1, and Dialbekulite clay in the amount of 4 is placed on the surface of the crop residues -5 t / ha, plowing the whole mass into the soil after 20-30 days, and after 2-3 weeks a green manure crop is sown - open-clover, plowing its green mass in the spring before sowing heat-loving crops.