RU2189720C1 - Soil fertility increasing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves plowing-in straw with fertilizer; applying liquid manure, mineral fertilizers, lime or zeolite onto straw windrows following cereal crop harvesting; sowing green manure crop in windrow spacing; providing transverse disking and chiseling of soil in autumn. EFFECT: increased soil fertility and reduced erosion processes. 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture.

 A known method of harvesting ears of corn crops, including the formation of straw rolls with subsequent export outside the field / O.E. Avrov, Z.M. Moroz. The use of straw in agriculture. - L .: Kolos, 1979, p. 7 /. However, with this method, the soil undergoes erosion processes, the transportation of straw requires additional time and money.

 A known method of composting bedding and bedding manure, straw in piles with the addition of mineral phosphorus fertilizers, lime and other components / Mamchenkov V.P. Composts, their preparation and use M.: 1962 /. However, this method is costly, leads to environmental pollution when laying composts, introducing them into the soil.

 Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a method that includes processing straw after harvesting with fertilizers and scrubbing it when seedlings emerge (application Germany 3211330, 10/6/1986). The specified method does not sufficiently contribute to increasing fertility and reducing erosion processes.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the level of environmental pollution and labor costs, increase the activity of soil microorganisms.

 This goal is achieved through the disposal of straw in rolls with liquid animal waste mixed with fertilizers, zeolite or lime, and sowing green manure in the roll space.

 The method is as follows.

 Harvesting of ears of crops is carried out by combine harvesters of the DON-1500 type with the formation of clear boundaries of straw rolls, which allows high-quality siderat sowing between the rolls. In the roll space, surface cultivation of the soil is carried out, the sidereal crop is sowed with brittle stems - sunflower, buckwheat or cabbage with the SES-2.1 core seeder with opener coulters or SZT-3.6 grain-seeder.

 Liquid organic fertilizers are applied to the straw rolls (bedless manure) in various combinations with mineral fertilizers, lime or zeolite, depending on the soil needs and the availability of fertilizers. In conditions of wet summer, the introduction of 1-2 t / ha of dry zeolite of local deposits is effective. The wheels of the units when applying liquid fertilizers move along the straw rolls, which reduces the load on the soil and at the same time compacts the roll. By the time of siderat plowing, the mass of straw treated with fertilizers with various additives is decomposed by 60-70%. Before plowing, the field is subjected to diagonal disking, and then cultivators are cultivated with chisel working bodies transverse to the disking direction, which allows uniform mixing of the green manure and straw. The advantages of this method are that plowing a mixture of semi-decomposed straw and green manure has a direct effect on the crop of the first crop, and also enhances the aftereffects of bedded manure and green manure, contributes to the replenishment of humus in the soil. Liquid manure with fertilizers is evenly applied to the straw rolls.

 On the experimental fields of Mikhailovskoye industrial and industrial complex, various variants of fertilizer application on rolls were tested.

 Example 1

 After harvesting winter wheat along the straw rolls, MZHK-6 was added a mixture of liquid manure with ammonium nitrate and zeolite. A six-ton container was filled into 2/3 with liquid manure and, with stirring, 18 kg of ammonium nitrate was added / at the rate of 3 kg / ha /, 300 kg of zeolite / 50 kg / ha /, the container was supplemented with liquid manure and 6 ha of field were treated.

 In the inter-roll space after harvesting winter wheat, sunflower was sown in a continuous manner. In the fall, they carried out disking, cultivating with chisel working bodies, and smelling a mixture of straw and green manure.

 Example 2

 The capacity of MZhT-6 was filled with liquid manure and straw rolls were processed on 3 ha. Between the rollers sunflower was sown in a continuous manner. In the autumn, we scanned diagonally to the sowing, and then across the disking we performed chisel processing and stocking of biomass.

 The proposed method allows to reduce the level of environmental pollution and labor costs for the removal of straw from the field, stationary composting, transportation and application. The scented compost mass increases the activity of soil microorganisms, which provides the soil with organic substances, reduces soil density and erosion processes. The method allows to solve the issue of environmentally friendly disposal of straw and liquid animal waste.

Claims (1)

 A method of increasing soil fertility, including plowing straw with fertilizers, characterized in that liquid manure, mineral fertilizers, lime or a zeolite are introduced along the straw rolls after harvesting the spike crops, while a sideral crop is sown in the roll space, and in the fall cross-sectional cultivation of the field and chisel tillage.