RU2485772C2 - Method of soil pest control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for the soil pest control. In implementing the method of soil pest control, a mixture of poultry manure with organic aggregates is applied in the soil. The manure and aggregate ratio is 1:10 to 1:20 by volume. The mixture is applied before plowing to a depth of 8-15 cm. In the most active period of insect flight the topsoil is saturated with the decomposing poultry manure.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of soil pest control is provided without environmental damage.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used to combat soil pests (wireworms, horsetail, nutcracker, etc.).

Known methods of controlling soil pests, including the use of chemical agents for seed treatment, the application of insecticides in the soil or early bait crops of crops treated with pesticides (Arutyunova E.V. Wireworms and control measures. Ordzhonikidze, 1978). The disadvantages of these methods are: environmental pollution; the death of beneficial insects, including bees; low efficiency when weather changes.

There is also known a method of combating soil pests, providing for the alternation of crops in a five-field compacted crop rotation, taking into account the biological cycle of the development of the beetle and the characteristics of its nutrition, intensive tillage using milling tools and autumn combing for row crops (Patent for invention No. 2041584. Method for combating soil-borne pests. Posted on 08/20/1995).

However, the use of this method is limited by the set of crops and the timing of their implementation, and also requires the additional use of mechanization.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of soil pest control without harming the environment.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a mixture of bird droppings with organic aggregates is introduced into the soil - sawdust, sunflower husk, chopped straw in a ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 by volume, before plowing with disc harrows or tillers to a depth of 8-15 cm, and during the most active summer, harmful insects saturate the topsoil with decaying bird droppings.

The method is as follows.

Bird droppings are mixed with organic aggregates - sawdust, sunflower husk, chopped straw in a ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 by volume. For good flowability of the mixture, its humidity should be 25-35%, which ensures uniform sieving, which is carried out before plowing the soil with a spreader of mineral fertilizers or a feeder. When using the mixture during the growing season, you can bring it into the soil with grain-grass or other seeders. Mixture consumption 10 t / ha. Seeding the dispersed mixture into the soil is carried out with disc harrows or tillers to a depth of 8-15 cm. When using seeders, additional seeding into the soil is not required.

The introduction of bird droppings with organic aggregates in a ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 allows you to almost completely clear the soil from wireworms and significantly, more than 10 times, reduce the population of cartilage and nutcracker. At the same time, flying forms of harmful insects are scared away from the smell of a bird in the litter, and their deep incorporation causes the death of larvae.

Since many harmful insects in most cases have the most active summers in May - early June, by this time they saturate the topsoil with decomposing bird droppings. This condition is achieved by applying a mixture of fresh bird droppings with sawdust, sunflower husk, chopped straw, etc. organic materials in a volume ratio of 2:10. That is, a two-liter can of fresh bird droppings is taken on a bucket of crushed organics. The mixture is obtained by soaking the aforementioned components for two months in heaps covered with a film, which do not moisten much 2-3 times during the fermentation period.

Among organic fertilizers obtained in the form of waste from animal metabolic products, bird droppings have high insecticidal properties. Due to the increased temperature of the digestive organs of birds (up to 40 ° C), as well as the features of this process, as a result of which the waste contains an increased amount of trace elements, and the gaseous fraction is predominantly ammonia nitrogen, bird droppings have a repelling effect for adults of harmful insects and are poisonous - for insects in the larval stage.

Bird droppings have a higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to manure in the wet state. So, the nitrogen content in (chicken) bird droppings is 2-3, easily digestible phosphorus is 3.5-5 and exchange potassium is 2-2.5 times higher than in cow manure. Such saturation of bird droppings with nutrients in total with insecticidal properties ensures high environmental friendliness of its use in the practice of both homestead and industrial, large-scale farming. In turn, due to the ability of bird droppings in the process of decomposition in the soil to activate the transition of insoluble forms of phosphorus to easily digestible, against the background of its introduction, the need to use mineral fertilizers is reduced.

An example of the effective use of bird droppings to prevent the spread of cartilage and wireworms is shown on potato seedlings in the table as of the date of tuber digging (first decade of August), an average of five survey sites 1 × 1 m for three years of observation.

Experience Options The number of larvae, pcs / m ² (chafer / wireworm) The number of affected tubers,% 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 Bird droppings from autumn, 1 kg / m ² 2.4 / 1.9 1.6 / 0.8 0.4 / no 8.2 5.1 2.2 Bird droppings in the spring for planting, 1 kg / m ² 0.2 / 0.4 no no 1.8 no no Manure in the fall, 1 kg / m ² 8.4 / 5.7 10.2 / 4.4 13.2 / 5.5 26.5 30,4 30.8 Manure for landing, 1 kg / m ² 6.6 / 4.2 7.4 / 4.6 7.9 / 4.8 21,2 28,4 29.6 Control, without bird droppings and manure 4.0 / 4.4 5.2 / 2.8 6.4 / 4.2 18.8 20.6 22.8

From the data given in the table, it can be seen that the use of bird droppings for planting potatoes helps to reduce the number of wireworm individuals by 2.4 times in the first year of use and many times in the third. In this case, the defeat of tubers by insect larvae is reduced by 2.4-10 times.

Thus, the proposed method provides effective protection of plants from soil pests, increasing soil fertility, protecting the environment, including useful entomofauna with the rational use of mechanization.

Claims (1)

A method of combating soil pests, characterized in that a mixture of bird droppings with organic aggregates is applied to the soil - sawdust, sunflower husk, chopped straw in a ratio of 1:10 to 1:20 by volume, before plowing with disc harrows or cultivators to a depth of 8 -15 cm, and during the most active summer, harmful insects saturate the topsoil with decaying bird droppings.