RU2483515C1 - Unit for planting seeds out - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit comprises a frame, the following components installed on the frame: a compacting roller, a ploughshare, a seeding apparatus communicating with a seed tank, a system of nutrients application, a scoop. The unit is equipped with rollers. The system of nutrients application comprises two hoppers with dispensers of portion type. At the same time one of the rollers has ledges in the form of external hemispheres for pressing of cells in a furrow and is installed between a ploughshare and one of the hoppers. The other roller has on the surface a shell from an elastic material for compaction of nutrients applied into the cells and is installed between the second hopper arranged downstream the seeding apparatus and the scoop.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to plant seeds out with simultaneous formation of granules-capsules around seeds from a mixture of various substances, aiding faster germination of seeds and their higher germinating ability.

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Description

The present invention is intended for use in the agricultural sector for planting large-seeded crops, primarily corn, with the simultaneous introduction of a mixture of nutrients and fertilizers.

A known unit for applying coating compositions to seeds of agricultural crops, comprising a conveyor with cells made in the form of hemispheres, material feeders, a seed dispenser, a device for forming seeds on the lower and upper shells, knives, and a device for drying the finished product [RF patent No. 2388204, 2010].

The unit operates as follows.

Pre-prepared material, which is the future seed nutrient medium, is fed from the feeder onto a moving conveyor belt and distributed into cells. Excess material is removed with a knife, and the tape with the filled cells is sent to the device for forming the lower shell. Then the tape goes to the seed meter, where one seed is placed in each cell. Passing under the material feeder, the cells with seeds are covered with a layer of material. The formation of the upper spherical part of the shell on the surface of the seeds is carried out using a special device. Nutrient coated seeds are dried. Known seed drill designs are used to plant granular seeds.

The disadvantages of this unit include the complexity of the design and the need to use an additional sowing device to place the granules in the soil. In addition, the operation of the unit is complicated by the adhesion of the nutrient material to the tape. That is, the unit must be stopped for cleaning. Coated seeds made in this way often acquire a high cost comparable to the cost of the seeds themselves. If the degree of compaction of the shell is sufficiently high, this will lead to the difficulty of penetration of moisture and air to the seed during germination.

Closest to the proposed invention is a precision seeder STVT 12 / 8M [http://www.todak.kiev.ua/agrotechnics]. The seeder consists of a frame on which a compacting roller, a coulter, a sowing device communicating with the seed tank, a nutrient introduction system, a rake and packer rollers are successively installed.

A precision seeder works as follows. Using a compacting roller, the soil in front of the coulter is compacted and leveled. Using a coulter in the prepared soil, a furrow is made into which seeds are placed from the sowing device. Fertilizers are introduced into the furrow simultaneously with the seeds. A furrow with seeds and fertilizers is poured with a rake and compacted with packer rollers.

This precision seeder is not intended to form a shell of nutrient material in the soil around the seed, although it has some similar structural elements with an analog and the possibility of introducing complex nutrient material into the soil along with fertilizers is not ruled out.

The objective of this invention is the creation of an aggregate for planting seeds in the soil, allowing to form around the seed granule capsule from a mixture of long-acting nutrients, trace elements, fertilizers, peat, binder, which helps to increase the germination of seeds and accelerates the growth process throughout the period.

The problem is achieved in that in the unit for planting seeds in the soil containing the frame, a compacting roller, a coulter, a sowing device communicating with the seed tank mounted on the frame, a nutrient application system, a rake, the unit is equipped with rollers, and the nutrient application system contains two hoppers with batch-type dispensers, one of the rollers having protrusions in the form of external hemispheres for forcing the cells in the furrow and installed between the coulter and one of the hoppers, and the other roller has on the surface and a sheath of elastic material for sealing of nutrients included in the cell and is mounted between the second hopper positioned after sowing apparatus, and zagrebatelem.

Figure 1 shows the unit for planting seeds in the soil.

Figure 2 shows a view A.

Figure 3 shows a view of B.

Figure 4 presents a view of B.

The unit for planting seeds in the soil consists of a frame 1, a compacting roller 2, a coulter 3, rollers 4 and 5, hoppers with batchers of the batch type 6 and 7, a metering device 8 with a seed tank 9 and a rake 10. A shell is placed on the outer surface of the roller 5 11 of elastic material, designed to form the upper part of the granule and its smooth compaction.

The unit for planting seeds in the soil works as follows. First, when passing the compacting roller 2, soil preparation occurs, which consists in its leveling and compaction. Then, a furrow is created on the prepared surface using the opener 3. In this case, the soil extracted from the furrow is laid along its edges. In the groove made using a roller 4, cells are pressed in the shape of a hemisphere.

Then, from the hopper 6, with the help of a batch type dispenser, a pre-prepared mixture of nutrients is placed in the cells, which may consist of peat, microelements, mineral fertilizers, liquid manure, which simultaneously serves as a binder.

One seed is sown in each filled cell from the sowing unit 8. Then, a similar mixture from hopper 7 is introduced into the seed cells. Using a roller 5 having a shell of elastic material on the surface, the material in the cell is compacted, and a granule of nutrient composition material is formed around the seed.

After the formation of a granule with a seed, it is filled by means of a rake 10 with earth located at its edges.

The formation of granules in the soil does not require a high degree of compaction, as in the preparation of pelleted seeds, and there is no need for a drying process.

The described device allows you to form a complex, slightly compacted granule, in which the seed is enclosed in a nutrient membrane. Thus obtained granular agglomerates conduct air and moisture well to the seed. Long-acting complex nutrients contribute to the improvement of plant germination and growth throughout the entire period.

Planting seeds in nutrient granules directly in the soil allows us to ensure normal seed nutrition in the early stages of development, when the root system of the plant is still weak or not formed. This is especially effective when the soil contains a small amount of the elements necessary for plant development. It should also be noted that the use of nutrient granules eliminates energy-consuming operations from field work, such as treating crops with pesticides and herbicides.

Unlike pelleted seeds obtained by various methods, compaction or rolling, the proposed granules conduct air and moisture well to the seed and do not reduce germination.

The claimed unit is quite productive, can be used for planting various crops.

Claims (1)

A unit for planting seeds in the soil, containing a frame, a compacting roller mounted on the frame, a coulter, a sowing device in communication with the seed tank, a nutrient application system, a picker, characterized in that the unit is equipped with rollers, and the nutrient application system contains two hoppers with batch-type dispensers, while one of the rollers has protrusions in the form of external hemispheres for forcing cells in the furrow and is installed between the coulter and one of the hoppers, and the other roller has an elastic shell on the surface th material to seal introduced into the cells of nutrients and is installed between the second hopper positioned after sowing apparatus, and zagrebatelem.

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