RU2334385C1 - Ridger-seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: ridger-seeder has ridge formers fixed on the frame, drilling mechanisms, packing wheels and disk covering knifes. Packing wheels have an outside elastic shell. Drilling mechanisms are made in the shape of hollow drums and placed in the packing wheels. Plunger ejectors are placed in the drums. The plunger ejectors of seeds are joined with outside elastic shell.

EFFECT: optimal conditions of single seeding in open ground, their rational distribution and covering by light layer of soil are ensured.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to ridge seeders for the simultaneous formation of ridges, soil rolling, sowing and seeding of seeds of row crops.

Known ridge seeder containing ridge formers rigidly mounted on the frame with followers pivotally mounted in the form of spherical disks pivotally mounted on spring-loaded leashes and packer rollers installed between packer and zapper, and packer rollers have a common axis of rotation (patent No. 946430, Comb ridger seeder A01C 7/00).

The disadvantage of this seeder is the low quality of sowing and seeding, which is expressed in the random distribution of seeds on the surface of the ridge and the uneven thickness of the sprinkled seeds of the soil, which leads to uneven seedlings and thickening (or sparseness) of plants in individual sections of the ridge.

Known a seeder containing a frame, a wheel with bushings pivotally pivotally fixed thereon with holes and holes mounted therein, kinematically connected to the drive mechanism thereof in reciprocating motion relative to the bushes, and a fitting with a hole located at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the sleeve communicated by the vas deferens with the sowing apparatus, and the finger drive mechanism is made in the form of triangular plates, the two angles of which are respectively pivotally connected to the finger and the wheel housing, tr This angle is equipped with a roller, guide tracks for the rollers are installed on the frame, while a hole communicating with the atmosphere and a slot with an elastic plate installed in it are made in the fitting (AS No. 1242013, seeder, MPK А01С 5/04, 7/04) .

The disadvantages of this seeder are the sticking to the rim of the soil wheel and, as a result, the need to use special scraper, as well as the uneven seeding of seeds, since the seeding mechanism does not provide guaranteed single-piece delivery.

A seeder is also known, which contains a hopper, a rotating hollow drum with hole-forming machines mounted on it, having openings for seeds, a fixed cam shaft is installed inside the drum, and the side of the hole-forming machine facing the inside of the drum is made in the form of bushings with spring-loaded seed ejectors installed in them, which are kinematically connected to the cam shaft, each sleeve being made with a radial hole directed towards the drum rotation (AS No. 1005687, Seeder, MPK А01С 5/04).

The disadvantages of this seeder are the adhesion of the soil to the outer surface of the drum, as well as the low reliability of the sowing mechanism, due to the possibility of several seeds entering the holes of the bushings at once, jamming and crushing them.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device for sowing seeds, containing a disk rotating on a fixed axis with radial cells, spring-loaded ejectors, a cam connected to the axis of the disk, a scraper, a hopper, a leveler and a packer roller sequentially installed behind the disk, and the scraper is kinematically connected with the axis of the roller, and the cam is multi-stage (AS No. 1433430, Device for sowing seeds. IPC A01C 7/04).

The disadvantages of this device are the design complexity due to the need to use additional scraper and packer roller. In addition, the use of this technical solution for the cultivation of crops on ridges can cause severe desiccation of the soil of the ridge in the dry period due to the rolled surface. Rolling of the sowing ridge without subsequent loosening of the soil forms a surface crust, which does not provide friendly seedlings, as well as the normal development of seeds due to inhibition of plants and leads to their partial death.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation of a new sowing machine that provides optimal conditions for the single-piece sowing of seeds in prepared soil, their rational placement and sheltering with a loose soil layer.

The specified problem is solved as follows.

In a ridge seeder containing ridge formers mounted on the frame, sowing devices in the form of hollow drums with plunger seed ejectors installed inside them, packer rollers and disk earthing machines, sowing machines are located inside the packer rollers, packer rollers have an elastic outer shell and seed plungers are connected to the seed ejectors elastic outer rim.

In a preferred embodiment, the plunger ejector seeds are made in the form of two, located one inside the other, movable bushings and a plunger, and one of the bushings is connected with an elastic outer shell.

Distinctive features of the prototype are:

- sowing devices are located inside the packer rollers;

- packer rollers have an elastic outer rim;

- plunger ejectors associated with an elastic outer shell;

- plunger ejector seeds are made in the form of two, located one inside the other, movable bushings and a plunger;

- one of the bushings is connected with an elastic outer shell.

The sowing units are located inside the packer rollers. This embodiment of the seeder allows you to combine the packer roller with the sowing drum in one device, which greatly simplifies the design, reduces its weight and dimensions.

The packer rollers have an elastic outer rim. This provides a self-cleaning surface of the roller from sticking soil.

Plunger ejectors are connected with an elastic outer shell. This embodiment of the sowing mechanism greatly simplifies the drive of the plunger ejector and, in comparison with the prototype, allows you to refuse to manufacture a complex cam and scraper. In addition, the connection of the plunger pushers with an elastic outer shell enhances the effect of self-cleaning the surface of the packer roller.

Plunger ejector seeds are made in the form of two, located one inside the other, movable bushings and a plunger. This embodiment of plunger pushers of seeds allows for guaranteed single-piece sowing of seeds without jamming and crushing, precise placement of seeds on the rolled wet soil surface and their indentation to a depth of 1.5 cm.

Thus, a causal relationship of the totality of the distinguishing features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result is ensured: ensuring optimal conditions for the single-piece sowing of seeds in the prepared soil, their rational placement and sheltering with a loose soil layer.

An example of industrial applicability of the invention

In Fig.1 shows a ridge seeder, side view; figure 2 - arrangement of the working bodies, top view; figure 3 - sowing drum seeder, section aa in figure 1; figure 4 is the same, section bB in figure 3; figure 5 - plunger ejector seeds on an enlarged scale.

The ridge seeder contains a frame 1 with an automatic coupler 2. On the frame 1 are mounted ridge formers 3 in the form of swelling shares with racks 4 with adjustable depth. In the upper part of the seeder there are bunkers 5 mounted on the frame 1. On the frame 1, the metering devices 6 are also mounted in the form of hollow drums, the axes 7 of which are rigidly fixed with clamps 8. The hoppers 5 are connected to the metering drums 6 by the vas deferens 9. On the frame 1, it is hinged hinged sections are mounted and spring-loaded in the form of spherical disks 10 and rods 11. On the rods 11, equalizers 12 are also pivotally mounted, made in the form of obliquely mounted plates.

The seeder drum 6 of the seeder (Fig. 3) is located inside the packer roller and contains a roller 14 mounted on bearings 13 on the axis 7 with plunger seed ejectors 15 fixed on the outer surface and covered by a shell 16 made of elastic material. The lateral walls of the drum 6 are disks 18, rigidly fixed with nuts 17 on the axis 7, through the lateral hole of at least one of which the seed tube 9 is passed. The bearings are sealed by stuffing box seals 19 and 20.

The plunger seed ejector 15 contains (Fig. 5) a glass 21 rigidly mounted on the ring of the roller 14 and bushings 22 and 23, inserted one inside the other and fixed one relative to the other by a spring 24 and a circlip 25, and both inserted into the glass 21 together the sleeve 23 is also mounted on the elastic shell 16 with the washer 26 and screws 27. In the groove of the sleeve 23 there is a spring 28, and in the inner hole there is a spring 29 and a plunger 30. The sleeves 22 and 23 are fixed against rotation by one pin 31 located in the groove 32 of the sleeve 22 and fixed m on the sleeve 23.

The glass 21 and the bushings 22 and 23 on the side surfaces have openings 33, 34 and 35, respectively, located in the same plane passing through the axis of the bushings 22 and 23 and the glass 21.

Plunger pushers of seeds 15 are mounted on the roller 14, so that the planes of the axes of the holes 33, 34 and 35 pass through the axis 7 of the roller.

Figure 4 for clarity of the process of sowing seeds, the plane of the location of the holes 33, 34 and 35 are conventionally rotated perpendicular to the axis 7.

The ridge seeder operates as follows.

When the seeder is driven, the combing machines 3 cut into the soil, dump it on both sides, forming ridges. The sowing drums 6 are rolled along these ridges, on the axis 7 of which the frame 1 is supported through the bearings 13. In this case, the upper ridge platform is rolled under the influence of the seeder weight.

The grain poured into the hopper 5 through the seed tube 9 enters the sowing drum 6. The plunger seed ejector 15 located in the lower position is compressed due to the weight of the seeder (Fig. 4). The holes 33, 34 and 35 of the cup 21 and the bushings 22 and 23 are respectively aligned and the grain freely enters under the influence of its own weight and centrifugal force of rotation of the drum into the hole 35 of the sleeve 23, the volume of which allows you to place only one grain.

With further rolling of the drum, the force of the seeder weight on this plunger ejector ceases to act and under the action of the springs 24 and 29 and the elasticity of the elastic shell 16 of the sleeve 22 and 23 are shifted relative to each other, the cup 21 and the plunger 30. At the same time, the plunger 30 is constantly pressed due to the force of the spring 29 to the bottom of the cup 21. The grain in this position falls into the longitudinal hole of the sleeve 23 and is held there by the spring 28. At the same time, the displacement of the holes 34, 35 and 33 prevents other seeds from entering the plunger seed ejector. With further rolling of the drum, the grain is transferred, as shown in figure 4, to the upper position and then down.

When the plunger ejector seed 15 is in contact with the surface of the ridge, compression of the spring 29 and deformation of the elastic shell 16 begin. At the same time, the surface of the ridge is rolled. The bushings 23 and 22 are recessed inside the cup 21, and the grain is pushed out by the plunger 30, overcoming the force of the spring 28, and pressed into the welded surface of the ridge. At the same time, the distance between the sown seeds in the ridge is equal to the step of the location of the plunger ejector seeds 15 on the elastic shell 16. At the same time, the holes 33, 34 and 35 are again aligned, the new grain gets inside the plunger ejector and the process is repeated.

Following the sowing drums 6 pivotally connected to the frame sections of the disc harrow 10 (Fig. 1), covering the ridges on both sides, raise the crushed soil to the top of the ridge and fill the seeds with a loose layer of soil, after which the soil surface is leveled with levelers 12, ensuring the same thickness of the loose layer of soil over the seeds. In the process of rolling the sowing drums, the elastic shell is deformed when rolling on the soil and then, due to its elasticity and the action of the spring 29, sharply straightens. At the same time, soil pieces adhering to the surface of the elastic shell are shaken off, thereby achieving the self-cleaning effect of the seed drums.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the inventive comb seeder:

- ridge seeder embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in agriculture, namely for the simultaneous formation of ridges, soil rolling, piece sowing and seeding of row crops;

- for the declared comb seeder in the form described in the independent clause of the claims, the possibility of implementation by means and methods known before the filing date of the application is confirmed.

The declared comb seeder in one pass produces:

- cutting on the basis of ridges;

- rolling the upper surfaces of the ridges;

- single-grain sowing of seeds with their uniform distribution over the ridge site;

- pressing seeds into the rolled surface of the ridge to a depth of 1.5 cm;

- sprinkling of sown seeds with a loose layer of soil;

- alignment of the topsoil over the seeds.

Performing all of the above operations provides the best conditions for seed germination, emergence of friendly seedlings, plant growth and, accordingly, increase crop yields.

Claims (2)

1. A ridge seeder containing ridge formers mounted on the frame, sowing machines in the form of hollow drums with plunger seed ejectors installed inside them, packer rollers and disk shutters, characterized in that the metering units are located inside the packer rollers, the packer rollers have an elastic outer shell, and plunger ejector seeds are associated with an elastic outer shell. 2. The ridge seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger ejectors of the seeds are made in the form of two movable bushings and a plunger located one inside the other, one of which is connected with an elastic outer shell.

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