RU2268564C1 - Combined sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used for creation of stable plant associations on pastures.

SUBSTANCE: sowing unit has tractor, seed hopper positioned between rollers, shanks, coverers and smooth covering roller positioned behind coverers. Seeding units and seed guides are located under hopper. Seed guides are made in the form of slit-type dosing devices. Shanks are made in the form of soil deforming devices which are arranged in equally spaced relation on surface of front roller. Coverers are made in the form of ribs arranged with pitch equal to that of arrangement of soil deforming devices. Ribs are fixed on cylindrical surface of rear roller, which is located rearward of front roller with soil deforming device, is kinematically connected with front roller, and has smaller diameter than the latter. Each of soil deforming devices is made in the form of truncated hollow pyramid, which is secured with its one lateral face on surface of front roller. Pyramids are staggered on roller surface and arranged in opposed relation with respect to one another. Each of soil deforming devices may be repositioned with the help of disk cutter and is mounted on pyramid base and in slot on roller surface by means of pin formed as regular prism. Disk cutter shaft is fixed on roller surface with the help of fastening means. Opening formed centrally of disk cutter is shaped to conform to pin section.

EFFECT: provision for retention of rain and thaw water under extremely arid climate conditions and sowing of fodder crop testicles into hollows for creating of stable plant associations.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to sowing equipment, mainly for sowing grass seeds, shrubs and shrubs on untreated massifs, for example, on pastures with natural grass, including bluegrass, cereal, bean grasses and mixtures thereof.

Known sowing combination unit containing a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes, coulters, shortcuts and packers, in which, in order to ensure the possibility of early sowing of seeds on waterlogged soil and simplify the design of the unit, the tire treads of the front wheels of the tractor are made with annular protrusions acting as coulters, and a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with a sowing apparatus, seed tubes and shortcuts are placed in the interwheel of the tractor, and in quality of press rollers the rear wheels of the tractor used (SU, Inventor's Certificate №913962, ICI ³ A 01 B 49/04, A 01 C 7/00. Seed combined unit / Nikitin VB, VI Fortuna, EA Kochkin ., Patrin P.N., Anokhin V.I. (USSR) - stated on 11/05/1980; publ. 03/23/1982).

The disadvantages of the described sowing combined unit include the poor seed placement quality and low technical reliability of the tire treads of the front and rear wheels, as well as the high complexity of the readjustment of the sowing scheme. Structurally, it is impossible to carry out the drive of the metering unit shaft with one circuit of a chain (belt) transmission from a dual rear wheel. Constantly turned on the shaft of the sowing apparatus causes the loss of expensive seeds. When working in adaptive agriculture with complex contours of the plots, the specified seeding rate is not provided. Tractor wheel protectors produce additional re-compaction of the topsoil. Precipitation falls down (flows down) along the tractor’s rut to lower terrain, leaving areas with a reduced supply of soil moisture in the root horizon.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed object according to the set of features is a sowing combined unit containing a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes, coulters, zagortachi and a packer roller, in which the coulters are made in the form of soil deformers installed with equal step on the surface of the roller, and zagortachi - in the form of ribs located at a step equal to the step of the arrangement of soil deformers mounted on the surface of the roller, which is sequentially installed behind the roller with soil deformers, kinematically connected with it and has a smaller diameter, each soil deformer made in the form of two intersecting blades with solution angles less than 90 °, each rib in the form of a dihedral wedge with an angle at the apex of less than 30 °, while the vas deferens hoppers are installed between the rollers and have the form of a slit dispenser; the packer roller can be moved to a position raised above the surface of the soil by means of a hydraulic cylinder; the kinematic connection between the rollers is made in the form of a chain transmission with a gear ratio equal to the reciprocal of the ratio

(d _1/2 + h) / (d _2/2 + h),

where d ₁ is the diameter of the roller with soil deformers;

d ₂ - the diameter of the roller with ribs;

h is the depth of the hollow formed by the deformers.

(RU, patent No. 2226324 C1, IPC ⁷ A 01 B 49/06. Sowing combined unit / S.A. Korpushov, V.I. Petrov, A.M. Saldaev, A.G. Teryukov (RU). - Application No. 2002123087/12; claimed August 28, 2002; published on April 10, 2004, Bull. No. 10 // Inventions and utility models. - 2004, - No. 10).

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the described device, adopted as the closest analogue, include the low quality of the crafts of the holes by the soil deformers on the surface of the front roller. The lateral faces of the soil deformers, entwined with the roots of the plants, are poorly cut, the moist upper layer is inverted, and the shape of the inclined walls does not satisfy the watershed conditions.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is the expansion of the functionality of a sowing combined unit.

The technical result is the creation of sustainable plant communities with high feed quality and productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known sowing combination unit containing a tractor, a seed hopper installed between the rollers, sowing devices placed under it with seed tubes having the form of a slit metering device, the coulters made in the form of soil deformers are installed with an equal pitch on the surface the front roller, zagotachki made in the form located at a step equal to the pitch of the placement of the soil deformers - ribs mounted on the surface of the rear roller, which is sequentially installed behind the front roller with soil deformers, kinematically connected with it and having a smaller diameter, and a rolling smooth roller installed behind them, according to the invention, each soil deformer is made in the form of a truncated trihedral hollow pyramid, fixed with one of its side faces on the surface of the front roller, a pyramid on the surface of the roller are staggered and opposed to each other, with each soil deformer equipped with the ability to reinstall a disk knife mounted on the base of the pier amides and in a groove on the surface of the roller by means of an axis made in the form of a regular prism; the axis of the circular knife on the surface of the roller is fixed with fasteners; a hole is made in the center of the circular knife corresponding to the cross section of the axis; the annular cutting edge of the circular knife is placed above the protruding top of the base of the pyramid.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a sowing combination unit, side view.

Figure 2 - section aa in figure 1, the diametrical section of the soil deformer in the form of a pyramid with a circular knife on the base.

Figure 3 - section bB in figure 2, the relative positions of the annular cutting edge of the circular knife and the top of the base of the pyramid as a soil deformer on the surface of the front roller.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing combination unit (see Fig. 1) contains a caterpillar tractor 1 mounted between the rollers 2 and 3, the seed hopper 4, the sowing devices 5 with the seed tubes 6 located under it, and the smooth rolling roller installed behind them 7. The seed tubes 6 are in the form of a slot dispenser. The coulters, made in the form of soil deformers 8, are installed with an equal pitch on the surface of the front roller 2. Earthing is made in the form of spurs 9, mounted on a surface equal to the pitch of the soil deformers 8, - ribs 9 mounted on the surface of the rear roller 3. The rear roller 3 is installed in series behind the front roller 2 with soil deformers 8. The front roller 2 is kinematically connected with the rear roller 3 having a smaller diameter.

Each soil deformer 8 is made in the form of a truncated trihedral hollow pyramid. A pyramid with one of its lateral faces is fixed on the surface of the front roller 2. The pyramids on the surface of the roller 2 are staggered and opposite to each other. Each soil deformer 8 is equipped with the option of reinstalling a disk knife 10. The disk knife 10 is mounted on the base of the 11th pyramid and in the groove 12 on the surface of the roller 2 by means of the axis 13. The axis 13 is made in the form of a regular prism (from rolled steel: square, hexagonal, etc. ) The axis 13 of the disk knife 10 is placed in the hole on the base 11 of the pyramid and fixed on the surface of the roller 2 by fixing means 14. In the center of the disk knife 10 a hole is made corresponding to the cross section of the axis 13. The disk knife 10 is provided with an annular cutting edge 15. The annular cutting edge 15 of the disk knife 10 is placed above the protruding top 16 of the base 11 of the pyramid. The side faces 17 and 18 of the pyramid are mutually connected with the base 11 of the pyramid and the surface of the roller 2 with welds. The base 11 of the pyramid is aligned with the edge of the groove 12. The axis 13 has a recess 19 for accommodating the fastening means 14 and an entry chamfer 20 at the end of the axis.

The ribs 9 of the roller 3, performing the functions of zagortach, are made in the form of similar pyramids. The spacing of the ribs 9 on the surface of the roller 3 is equal to the spacing of the ribs 9 on the surface of the front roller 2. The roller 2 is connected to the frame 21 by pins and bearing assemblies. The roller 3 is connected by rods 22 to the pins of the roller 2. In addition to the rods 22, the rollers 2 and 3 have a synchronization gear 23. Roller 3 in comparison with roller 2 has a smaller diameter. Smooth packer roller 7 has the ability to translate into a raised position above the surface of the soil by means of a hydraulic cylinder 24 when performing the technological process of sowing seeds.

The sowing combination unit operates as follows.

The hopper 2 is filled with seeds of a single-species composition or mixture of cultures. When transporting the implement, the roller 7 is lowered by the hydraulic cylinder 24 to the lowest position relative to the frame 21. The front of the frame 21 is transferred to the transport position by the tractor 1 via the towbar 25 and the towed earring. The transport clearance between the soil deformers 8 and the ribs 9 of the rollers 2 and 3 and the road surface is 200 ... 250 mm.

When performing the technological process, the packer roller 7 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 24 to the upper extreme position, in which the roller 7 is raised as high as possible above the soil surface (see Fig. 1). In this position, the edges 15 of the disk knives 10 are the first to work with the translational movement of the sowing unit 10. They cut the old man and crop residues on the surface of the pasture, the topsoil with the roots of wild plants and shrubs. The lateral faces 17, 18 of the pyramid, the soil is pressed in such a way that the top 16 of the base 11 of the pyramid of the soil deformer 8 is recessed in the form of a triangular hole with inclined walls. Cutting the soil layer in the local area by the cutting edge 15 of the disk knife 10 reduces the force on the introduction of the soil deformer 8 to 5 to 8 times. This can significantly reduce the structural and technological mass of the roller 2.

When moving the sowing unit, each soil deformer 8 creates discrete troughs separated by soil bridges on the surface of the processed array perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit in a checkerboard pattern. The shaft of the metering device 5 is driven into rotation from the roller 2 through a chain transmission. Seeds from the hopper 4 by the metering device 5 are fed into the slit metering unit, which functions as the vas deferens 6. The seeds of grasses (shrubs) fall under their own weight onto the surface of the hollows. The profile of the lateral surface of the troughs allows the seeds to roll down, due to which they are concentrated on the inclined bottom of the trough.

The roller 3 moving synchronously after the roller 2 with its ribs 9 exerts a pressing effect on the seeds in the bottom of the troughs. The identical geometry of the soil deformers 8 and ribs 9 eliminates the deformation of the inclined walls of the troughs, and also compacts them.

One of the important functions of the created troughs in an extremely arid climate is the retention of melt water. The densified walls of the troughs facilitate the rolling of water droplets, hoarfrost, snow and moisture concentration in the lower slit part of the trough, in close proximity to the sown seeds. Thanks to the gap made by the cutting edge 15 of the disk knife 10, the distribution of sediments under the hollow in the root horizon is made. This ensures the accumulation of sufficient moisture for seed germination and the acceleration of plant growth even with a limited amount of precipitation. In addition, seeds and sprouts located at the bottom of the hollow are less susceptible to the harmful effects of winds and sunlight.

When sowing grass seeds on obstructed, easily blown soils, the roller 7 is brought to the lower position at which the treated surface is rolled.

When creating pastures on light soils, disk knives 10 are removed from the grooves 12 on the surface of the roller 2, releasing the fastening means 14 from the threaded holes, and the axes 13 are shifted laterally from the holes on the base 11 of the soil deformer 8.

With significant wear of the cutting edge 15 without regrinding, the disk 9 with the axis 13 disassembled is rotated to a new position so that the sharp cutting edge 15 is above the top 16 of the base 11 of the pyramid.

Thus, the described set of essential distinguishing features ensures the achievement of a technical result - the creation of sustainable and highly productive agrocenoses on degraded and unstructured pastures.

Claims (4)

1. A sowing combination unit comprising a tractor, a seed hopper installed between the rollers, seed drills placed underneath it with seed tubes having the form of a slit metering device, coulters made in the form of soil deformers and installed with equal pitch on the front roller surface; form located at a step equal to the spacing of the soil deformers, ribs mounted on the surface of the rear roller, which is sequentially installed behind the front roller with soil deformers, kinematic the ski is connected with it and has a smaller diameter, mounted behind it and packs a smooth roller, characterized in that each soil deformer is made in the form of a truncated trihedral hollow pyramid, fixed with one side face on the surface of the front roller, while the pyramids on the surface of the roller are placed in a checkerboard order and opposite to each other, and each soil deformer is equipped with a disc knife installed with the possibility of reinstallation, mounted on the base of the pyramid and in a groove on the surface of the roller by means of an axis made oh in the form of a correct prism. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the disk knife on the surface of the roller is fixed with fixing means. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in the center of the circular knife a hole is made corresponding to the cross section of the axis. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular cutting edge of the circular knife is placed above the protruding top of the base of the pyramid.

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