RU2490852C1 - Unit for planting seeds in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit for planting seeds in soil is designed to plant seeds with a mixture of nutrient components. The unit consists of a frame, a compactor and a packing wheel placed on the frame, a hopper with a nutrient mixture, a seeding machine with a seed hopper, an opener and a raker. At the lower part of the hopper a device of screw type is mounted for mixing and transporting the nutrient mixture the outer cylindrical-conical pipe coupled to seed hopper for metering the nutrient mixture and giving it a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical-conical pipe in the area of outlet of the nutrient mixture a pipe of the seeding machine is connected communicating with the seed hopper. The drive of the seeding machine is connected to the drive of the screw-type device. The invention enables to provide the improved nutrition of seeds at the early stages of development when the root system of a plant is still weak or not formed.

EFFECT: constructive implementation of all elements of the unit is quite simple and reliable.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention is intended for use in the agricultural sector for planting crops with the simultaneous introduction of a mixture of nutrients and fertilizers.

A known unit containing a conveyor with cells made in the form of hemispheres, material feeders, seed dispenser, seed forming device for the lower and upper shells, knives, and a device for drying the finished product [RF Patent No. 2388204, 2010].

The unit operates as follows.

Pre-prepared material, which is the future seed nutrient medium, is fed from the feeder onto a moving conveyor belt and distributed into cells. Excess material is removed with a knife, and the tape with the filled cells is sent to the device for forming the lower shell. Then the tape goes to the seed meter, where one seed is placed in each cell. Passing under the material feeder, the cells with seeds are covered with a layer of material. The formation of the upper spherical part of the shell on the surface of the seeds is carried out using a special device. Nutrient coated seeds are dried. Known seed drill designs are used to plant granular seeds.

The disadvantages of this unit should include the complexity of the design, low productivity and the need to use an additional sowing device to place the granules in the soil. In addition, the operation of the unit is complicated by the adhesion of the nutrient material to the tape. That is, the unit must be stopped for cleaning. Coated seeds made in this way often acquire a high cost comparable to the cost of the seeds themselves. If the degree of compaction of the shell is sufficiently high, this will lead to the difficulty of penetration of moisture and air to the seed during germination.

Closest to the proposed invention is a precision seeder STVT 12 / 8M [http://www.todak.kiev.ua/agrotechnics].

The seeder consists of a frame on which a compacting roller, a coulter, a sowing unit, a nutrient introduction system with a hopper, a rake and a packer roller are installed sequentially.

A precision seeder works as follows. Using a compacting roller, the soil in front of the coulter is compacted and leveled. Using a coulter, a furrow is formed in the prepared soil, into which seeds are placed from the sowing device. Fertilizers are introduced into the furrow simultaneously with the seeds. A furrow with seeds and fertilizers is poured with a rake and then the soil is compacted with a packer roller.

In this seeder, the same distribution of fertilizer (protective nutritional composition) is not provided in the zones of all seeds and it is possible that the seed enters the zone where fertilizer is absent. Even in the best case, the outer part of the seeds will not have contact with the fertilizer, i.e. the nutrient does not envelop the seed over the entire surface (a protective-nutritional shell is not created). When using such a seeder, it is impossible to ensure early sowing of seeds and to ensure their protection against cold in the early stages of development.

The objective of this invention is the creation of an aggregate for planting seeds in the soil, allowing to form around the seed a solid structure of a mixture of nutrients immediately before sowing, which leads to increased germination of seeds, accelerated growth throughout the period, and also to protect them from cold in the early stages .

This object is achieved by the fact that in the unit for planting seeds in the soil containing the frame, the compacting and rolling rollers placed on the frame, the hopper with the nutrient mixture, the sowing unit with the seed hopper, the coulter and the rake, a screw type device is installed in the lower part of the hopper, which serves for mixing and transporting the nutrient mixture into an external cylindrical-conical nozzle connected to the seed hopper, designed to dispense the nutrient mixture and give it a cylindrical shape we, and to the cylindrical-conical nozzle in the zone of the output of the nutrient mixture is connected to the nozzle of the sowing device, communicating with the seed hopper, and the drive of the sowing device is connected to the drive of the screw type device.

Figure 1 shows the unit for planting seeds in the soil.

Figure 2 shows a view A.

Figure 3 shows a view of B.

Figure 4 presents a view of B.

Figure 5 shows a section of the hopper 4 and the cylindrical-conical pipe 10 (2: 1).

The unit for planting seeds in the soil consists of a frame 1 on which there are sealing 2 and packer 3 rollers, a hopper with nutrient mixture 4, a sowing unit 5 with a seed hopper 6, a coulter 7 and a pick-up 8. A screw type device 9 is installed at the bottom of the hopper 4 A cylindrical conical nozzle 10 is connected to the hopper 4. In the screw type device 9, the screw is located both in the zone of the hopper 4 and in the nozzle 10 and serves to mix (average) the nutrient mixture in the hopper 4 and transport it through the cylindrical conical nozzle ku 10. In the zone of exit of the nutrient mixture from the cylindrical-conical nozzle 10, a nozzle 11 of the sowing apparatus 5 is connected to it.

The drive of the sowing apparatus 5 and the screw type device 9 is carried out through the gearbox 12, cardan 13 transmission from the vehicle engine.

The unit for planting seeds in the soil works as follows.

Before planting, a mixture of components of a protective and nutritional composition is prepared, which is loaded into hopper 4. The mixture contains an inert filler - peat, soil, and, most importantly, the nutrients (trace elements, fertilizers, growth regulators) necessary for starting plant growth, previously processed manure, which is also a binding component, as well as protective agents (against soil and ground harmful insects - insecticides and repellents, and from diseases of seedlings and young plants - fungus tsidy). The composition of the mixture may vary depending on the type of seed.

In the process of planting, when the tractor is moving with the machine, the soil is prepared by the compacting roller 2, its alignment and compaction. Further, a furrow is created on the prepared surface using the opener 7. In this case, the soil extracted from the furrow is laid along its edges.

Simultaneously with this process, the prepared mixture of nutrient components from the hopper 4, using the screw type device 9, is sent to the external cylindrical-conical pipe 10, in which the material of the mixture is given a cylindrical shape (the shape of a bovine intestine).

Moreover, using the screw type device 9, additional mixing of the mixture is carried out. When the nutrient material exits from the cylindrical part of the nozzle 10 to the conical, to the central part of the "gut" with a certain step, seeds are introduced from the nozzle 11 of the sowing apparatus 5 with the same interval. The cylindrical structure with seeds formed in this way is laid out in the prepared furrow and is covered by the soil grabber 8 located at its edges. The filled furrow is leveled by a packer roller 3.

The step of placing seeds along the length of the cylindrical part of the formed nutrient mixture is determined by the type of seeds.

The diameter of the cylindrical part also depends on the type and size of the seeds. The most appropriate is the ratio of the diameter of the nutrient structure to the maximum seed size of 3: 1-4: 1.

Planting seeds together with a mixture of nutrient components allows us to ensure normal seed nutrition in the early stages of development, when the root system of the plant is still weak or not formed. This is especially effective when the soil contains a small amount of the elements necessary for plant development.

The resulting nutritional structure around the seed has a viscosity of a pasty mass, is porous, passes air and moisture well to the seed and does not interfere with its growth. Another advantage of this unit is that the introduction of seeds into the nutrient medium is carried out directly during planting, which is economically justified. The design of all devices included in the unit is quite simple and reliable.

Claims (2)

1. A unit for planting seeds in the soil, consisting of a frame placed on the frame of the compacting and rolling rollers, a hopper with a nutrient mixture, a sowing unit with a seed hopper, a coulter and a rake, characterized in that a screw type device is installed in the lower part of the hopper, which serves for mixing and transporting the nutrient mixture into an external cylindrical-conical nozzle connected to the seed hopper, designed to dispense the nutrient mixture and give it a cylindrical shape. 2. The unit for planting seeds in the soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the sowing device connected to the seed hopper is connected to the cylindrical-conical nozzle in the outlet area of the nutrient mixture, and the drive of the sowing device is connected to the drive of the screw type device.

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