RU2154368C2 - Drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: drill is adapted for sowing of different crops and applying fertilizers in the process of planting crops in preliminarily cut furrows. Drill has at least two hoppers for seeds and fertilizer, and seeding units positioned in lower parts of hoppers and made in the form of hollow drums with radial cells formed as truncated cones. Size of cells depends on size of seeds to be sown, kinds and amounts of fertilizer to be applied. Cells are arranged so that when they are connected during turning of drums, they define isosceles triangles. Immovable pipe of pneumatic system with holes in its lower part is positioned within rotating drums. In the process of sowing, seeding drums are rotated in synchronism to provide settling of seeds and fertilizer in the same site of furrow. Drums are kinematically connected to drill wheel to be rotated in synchronism. Moreover, synchronous rotation of drums depends on path and drill advancement speed. Distance between longitudinal axes of drums is multiple the length of circumference of drum of smaller diameter. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and simplified construction. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to sowing devices and can be used for sowing seeds of various crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

 A device for sowing seeds is known, comprising a disk with radial cells rotating on a fixed axis, spring-loaded ejectors coaxially arranged with them, an equalizer and a packer roller mounted behind the disk, a multi-stage cam connected to the disk axis, a brush cleaner kinematically connected to the roller axis and interacting with the lower ends of the ejectors [1].

 A disadvantage of the known device is the low probability of seeds entering the cell and, as a result, uneven sowing. In addition, the complexity of the device for pushing seeds with fertilizers, the high likelihood of clogging the cells with fertilizers and moist soil, possible malfunctions in cleaning the cells do not contribute to the uniform distribution of the sown material and providing them with nutrients, all this reduces the efficiency of the known device.

 A device for seeding bulk materials, made in the form of a stationary cylindrical drum with a worm rotor located in it, having a pneumatic conveying system [2].

 The known device does not provide uniform sowing of sown crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

 Known pneumatic sowing apparatus containing a seed hopper, a drive hollow sowing drum with rows of staggered cells, a vacuum source and a sowing zone with an additional zone, with seed guides and a vacuum cut-off roller located in it [3].

 A disadvantage of the known apparatus is the design complexity, in addition, the device does not provide fertilizer at the same time as planting.

 The aim of the invention is to ensure uniform seeding of seeds in a checkerboard pattern with the simultaneous application of fertilizers so that the distance between plantings in adjacent rows is equal to the sides of an equilateral triangle, creating optimal conditions for the growth and development of sown crops.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the seeder is made in the form of two or more bunkers, in the lower part of which drums rotating synchronously relative to each other are located in the form of hollow cylinders with holes - cells in the walls of the drums. The cells on the rotating drums are spaced on the surface of these drums in such a way that isosceles triangles are formed when the cells are connected to each other on the reamer of the drums. The rotation of the drums is carried out synchronously and kinematically connected with the path traveled by the seeder and its speed. The rotation of the seed drums is ensured, in particular, by their kinematic connection with the seeder wheel, carried out by means of a gearbox and a number of gears.

 The distance between the longitudinal axes of the drums is a multiple of the circumference of the drum of a smaller diameter.

 This ensures that seeds and fertilizers hit the same furrow location.

 The seeder has a pneumatic system, made in the form of a fixed pipe with holes in the lower part, located inside the rotating drums, into which compressed air is supplied from the compressor.

 In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a seeder, consisting of two hoppers with drums, one of which is intended for seeds, the other for fertilizers; in FIG. 2 is a top view in section AA; in FIG. 3 - kinematic diagram of the connection of the seeder wheel with sowing drums.

 The seeder consists of bins 1 and 2, in the lower part of which are sowing rotating drums for seeds 3 and for fertilizers 4. Drums 3 and 4 are kinematically connected to the seeder wheel 5 and set so that the distance between the longitudinal internal axes of the drums is equal to their circumference if they are of the same diameter and a multiple of the circumference of the drum of a smaller diameter, if the drums are made of different sizes. Drums 3 and 4 have radial openings - cells 6, made in the form of a cone with an extension to the outer surface of the drums. The cells in the drums are arranged in such a way that when they are connected to each other, isosceles triangles are formed on the reamer of the drums. The cells in different drums have different sizes depending on the size of the seeds of the sowing culture and the amount of fertilizer or compost applied to this crop. The bottoms of bins 1 and 2 in their lower part repeat the outlines of cylindrical drums 3 and 4 and have oblong-shaped openings 7 of somewhat larger dimensions than the cells in the drums. Inside the drums 3 and 4 are fixed tubes 8 and 9 of the pneumatic system. In the lower part of the pipes 9 and 8 there are holes 10 and 11.

 Between the hopper and the drum there is a gasket 12, in particular of conveyor rubber, to protect the seeds from damage.

 The device operates as follows.

 During the movement of the seeder after the harrow cutting the furrows, the kinematically connected system "seeder wheel - drums" drives the drums with seeds and fertilizers in synchronous rotation. The hopper 1 with fertilizers and a drum 3 arranged sequentially one after the other, then the hopper 2 with a drum 4 at a certain distance from each other, which ensures the release of seeds and fertilizers at the same furrow, are included in the work.

 Using a pneumatic system, the fertilizer is sucked in by air from the hopper into the cells 6 of the drum 3 and filled. With further rotation of the drum, the cells in it coincide with the holes in the bottom of the hopper, fertilizers are ejected into the furrows so that when connecting the ejection points in three adjacent furrows, an equilateral triangle is formed.

 At the same time, in the seed hopper, the seeds are drawn in using the pneumatic system from the hopper into the cells of the drum rotating in it. When the cells coincide with the seeds with the lower holes in the bottom of the hopper, the seeds fall out to the same places in the furrows where fertilizers had fallen before. Moreover, when the cells coincide with the outlet openings, the cells are cleaned with air from the pneumatic system.

 After applying seeds and fertilizers to the furrows, the furrows are sealed with a roller or other devices.

 The inventive seeder allows you to use it for a wide range of crops, grains, seeds of vegetable crops, potatoes. It is also possible to apply various fertilizers from several bins sequentially installed one after another.

 Sowing crops at the corners of an equilateral triangle, made by a seeder, allows you to create optimal conditions for plants to grow and develop, provide each plant with sufficient nutrition, better light conditions, significantly increase the yield of the cultivated crop per unit area.

 The simplicity of the design of the claimed technical solution, the availability of material for the manufacture of the seeder, its multivariance, ease of maintenance allow it to be used both in large and small farms.

Sources of information
1. USSR author's certificate N 1433430, MKI A 01 C 7/04, 1988.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 596180, MKI A 01 C 7/00, 1978.

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1306500, MKI A 01 C 7/00, 1987 [prototype].

Claims (6)

 1. A seeder containing a seed hopper, a hollow sowing rotary drum kinematically connected to the drive wheel with staggered cells kinematically connected to the drive wheel, and a pneumatic system, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one more hopper with sowing synchronously a rotating drum to eject fertilizers into the furrow at the same place with the seeds, while the drums have one drive, and the cells on the drums are arranged to form isosceles when they are connected together triangles.  2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the drums are made with the same diameter, and the distance between the longitudinal axes of the drums is equal to their circumference.  3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the drums are made with different diameters, and the distance between the longitudinal axes of the drums is a multiple of the circumference of the drum of a smaller diameter.  4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the drums with the drive wheel is made in the form of a gearbox and a series of gears.  5. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells in the sowing drums are made in the form of a truncated cone, and each drum has cells of certain sizes depending on the type of seeds sown, the type and dose of fertilizer applied.  6. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic system is made in the form of a fixed tube with holes in the lower part located inside the rotating drum, into which compressed air is supplied.

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