RU2479460C1 - Method of sunk ship surfacing and complex for surfacing and floating sunk submarines and other vessels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to salvage operations and may be used for surfacing sunk vessels. Proposed method comprises attaching pontoons to sunk ship hull to control its floatation. Note here that said pontoons are arranged in tied-up cassettes. To release sink ship from silt, elastic web with ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles is set up with ship hull separated from bed, underwater scraper is placed under its bottom with the help of towboats. Proposed complex consists of vessel for underwater operations with hoisting machines, pontoons to be attached to sunk ship hull, and floating adapter. Besides, said complex comprises additionally the web with ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles. Floating adapter is composed of scraper composed of all-metal structure with skids arranged at its bottom.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and safety.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the conduct of rescue operations at sea, and can be used when lifting sunken ships, underwater objects, including submarines and vehicles, and offshore platforms for hydrocarbon production.

In the practice of rescue operations, the following well-known methods of lifting sunken vessels are used (Catalog of diving equipment for rescue and ship-lifting equipment. / Giprorechtrans. - M .: 1989. - 125 pp. [1], E.R. Goldin, V. P. Kozlov, F. P. Chelyshev. Underwater-technical and ship-lifting emergency rescue operations. M.: Transport. - 1990. - 335 p. [2]):

- lifting with the help of lifting pontoons;

- drainage of the compartments of the vessel after their sealing (restoration of buoyancy);

- the use of various lifting means;

- filling the compartments of the vessel with light materials;

- filling the compartments of the vessel with foam plastic materials;

- a combined method, including restoring buoyancy and lifting to the surface of a sunken ship by means of pontoons or hoisting devices.

For lifting large sunken ships in practice, mainly lifting pontoons are used (V.N. Zorbidi. Rescue and ship lifting operations. M: Transport. - 1976. - 216 p. [3], Avramov N.Yu. Ship lifting. - L . - M.: Water transport, 1938, p.137 - 139 [4], RU 2063902 C1, 07.20.1996 [5], RU 2059519 C1, 05.10.1996 [6], RU 95103177 A1, 12.20.1996 [7 ], RU 2051067 C1, 12/27/1995 [8].

There is also a known method, which relates to emergency operations to raise sunken ships, mainly submarines. The known method of lifting wrecks using pontoons (patent RU No. 2198817, 02.20.2003 [9]) provides for the removal of water from the internal compartments of the hull through valves in its lower part under the action of excessive internal pressure created by a series of successive explosions of charges before filling the pontoons with air small size installed inside the case. The implementation of this method reduces the time of preparatory operations and reduces financial costs.

The claimed technical result of the known method [9] is achieved by the fact that in the compartments of the sunken ship create excess pressure relative to the pressure of the external marine environment, under the action of which water from the compartments is pushed into the external marine environment through valves made in the hull of the vessel, while the excess pressure in the compartments of the vessel are created by a series of successive explosions of small charges mounted in the hull of the vessel.

The disadvantage of this method is that when the sunken ship is under a thick layer of silt, the efficiency of creating excess pressure by performing a series of successive explosions with low-power charges can be reduced to zero, because valves in the hull may be clogged with sludge. In addition, there is the likelihood of unforeseen destruction of the sunken hull elements due to explosions.

A common disadvantage of known methods and devices for lifting sunken ships or other large objects is that they practically do not provide lifting of sunken objects under a thick layer of silt, in addition, the known methods and devices are very time-consuming and unsafe, which is confirmed by theoretical studies of dynamics hoisting, which show that under conditions of excitement, a raised vessel or another sunken large-sized object may be in the range of parametric resonance . This circumstance can negate the implementation of labor-intensive ship-lifting operations.

Also known is a complex for lifting the transportation of sunken submarines and other vessels, which relates to the field of means intended for ship lifting and rescue operations. The complex contains two self-propelled floating lifting equipment, equipped with lifting devices with a gripper mounted on them. The gripping device includes a frame with pivoting drive legs, allowing to cover the hull of the sunken ship without compression. In this case, the gripping device is configured to change the longitudinal and transverse angle of capture to eliminate the "suction effect" of the body to the ground.

After raising the sunken ship, bow and stern fairings and bottom attachments are attached to self-propelled floating lifting devices, forming a drained space in the form of a floating self-propelled dock.

In this case, it is possible to lift the sunken ship from various depths and its subsequent safe transportation (patent RU No. 2390460, 05.27.2010 [10]), in contrast to the well-known complex for lifting sunken ships, which contains a surface-mounted catamaran-type vessel and submersible devices with tick captures connected by a cargo power cable to a surface vessel with a longitudinal truss carrying submersible vehicles moving along the truss with winches and serviced by two bridge cranes each (RU patent No. 2205769 C2 [11]), and that unlike the well-known complex for lifting sunken objects, which also contains a vessel for lifting sunken objects, containing two hulls and transverse beams connecting them, resting on hulls along their diametrical plane by means of a foundation, as well as lifting devices placed on the beams (RU 2284277 C2 [12]).

In addition, it is also known catamaran-type lifting vessel containing hulls mounted on them with a power plant and a lifting device, containing four columns mounted in pairs from the side of the vessel's inner sides with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane, and four load-bearing rods with a gripping mechanism (copyright certificate SU No. 885101 [13]).

Known devices for lifting ships have common significant drawbacks inherent in catamaran vessels related to providing rigidity and strength in marine conditions, and also have a limited depth of immersion of the grips, the need for underwater work to capture the ship, the difficulty of safely transporting a raised ship in suspended conditions in the sea the state between the hulls of the catamaran; limited device functionality.

As a prototype of the proposed method, a method of lifting wrecks using pontoons [9] was selected, and as a device for its implementation, a complex for lifting transportation of sunken submarines and other vessels [10] was selected.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality of the method of lifting a sunken ship and a device for lifting a sunken ship, as well as improving the safety of lifting operations and reducing their complexity.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of lifting a sunken ship, including attaching pontoons to the hull of the sunken ship, regulating its buoyancy, and raising the sunken ship by concentrated force on the surface of the water, while the lifted ship is given zero buoyancy, in contrast to the known methods - pontoons are placed in cassettes installed in tiers; before installing the pontoons, the damaged section of the main pipeline is released from the submerged sludge layers by means of hydraulic th method, while for the release of the sunken ship from the silt give birth to a flexible cloth with a ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles, in the separation of the body of the wreck from the ground under his bottom by tugboats give birth underwater scraper.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the complex for lifting and transporting the sunken ship, consisting of an underwater work vessel with lifting devices, pontoons that are attached to the hull of the sunken ship, a floating attachment, additionally contains a ballast screen equipped with hydraulic nozzles, a floating the prefix is made in the form of an underwater drag, which is made in the form of an all-metal structure, in the lower part of which runners are placed. At the same time, the ballast panel equipped with hydraulic nozzles is provided with a rigid “pivot” frame - the traverse, to which the slings are attached, the pontoons are grouped and placed in cassettes, which are attached to the hull of the sunken ship by means of sling towels, cassettes, their upper parts are interconnected by means of lightweight beams and installed in tiers.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that pontoons that provide zero buoyancy are attached to a sunken ship or other large-sized object. At the same time, pontoons are formed into groups that are placed in cassettes installed in tiers; before installing the pontoons, the damaged section of the main pipeline is released from the submerged sludge reservoirs by the hydraulic method. After that, compressed air is fed into the pontoons through the compressed air supply and flooding system of the pontoons, equipped with etching and safety valves. After the wreck is separated from the ground under its bottom by means of tugs, an underwater drag is set up, which is an all-metal structure consisting of a bottom with skids with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners, fenders and attachment points.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. The scheme of preparation of the sunken ship for lifting. A sunken ship 1, a flexible cloth 2 with a ballast 3, a ship 4 for providing work with a lifting mechanism 5. The upper edge of the flexible cloth 2 is framed by a beam 6, to which the slings 7 are attached, and attached to the anchor 8 by a guy 9, pontoons 10, placed in cassettes 11, through the attachment nodes 12 are connected to the underwater drag 13.

Figure 2. The design of the underwater scoop 13. The underwater scoop 13 is an all-metal structure, consisting of a bottom 14 with runners 15 with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners 16, breaker devices 17, cartridge mounting units 12.

Figure 3. Cassette application of pontoons. Pontoons 10 are combined into groups that fit into cassettes 11, which are attached to the sunken ship 1 by means of sling towels 18. Cassettes 11 in their upper part are interconnected by means of lightweight beams 19.

Figure 4. The scheme of fastening pontoons in tiers. The upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11, the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11. To guide the upper tier 20 to the lower tier 21, conical glasses are used: the lower 22 and the upper 23. The upper glass 23 is guided to the lower glass 22 along the guide cable 24. The upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 and the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11 are attached to each other by means of shutters 25.

Figure 5. Shutter design. The shutter 25 includes a supporting structure 26, which is mounted on the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11, on which an earring 27, made in the form of a glass, and which can rotate around a vertical axis, is suspended. At the bottom of the earring 27, a figured hole is made with slots — slotted cutouts. On the lower tier 21 on the cantilever platform, a finger 28 with protrusions is installed. When the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 is mounted on the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11, the finger 28 of the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11 enters the figured hole so that the protrusions of the finger 28 enter the slotted cutouts. When turning the earrings 27 manually using a lever inserted into the hole in the walls of the earrings 27, or using a servomotor, the protrusions of the finger 28 are displaced relative to the slotted cut-out, providing a reliable connection between the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 and the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11.

Pontoons 10 are equipped with compressed air purge, flooding systems, etching and safety valves. The supply of compressed air is carried out from the surface and under water through air-guard bottles.

The method is implemented as follows.

Prepare the sunken ship 1 to rise to the surface. Moreover, to release the sunken ship 1 from the sludge, a flexible cloth 2 with a ballast 3 equipped with hydraulic nozzles was used. When water is supplied through the nozzles under pressure, the sludge erodes, the ballast 3 plunges into the depth, dragging the cloth 2. The cloth 2 can be lowered into the water from the ship 4 by means of a lifting mechanism 5. Lining the cloth in a line is achieved by framing the upper edge of the cloth with a rigid “cork” - traverse 6, to which the slings are attached 7. After immersing the panel 2 to the calculated depth, its upper edge is attached to the anchor 8 using a guy 9 (or guy 9 is fed to the vessel 4).

Sludge is cleaned between the section of the sunken ship 1 and the cloth 2 after fastening on the guy wires 9 the upper edge of the cloth 2 on the anchor 8 or on the ship 4. To ensure greater reliability of the cloth 2, it can be reinforced by hammering the tongue with fastening on the braces.

After that, under the sunken ship 1 start pontoons 10, regulating its buoyancy. To reduce the complexity of diving operations during installation and unfastening of each individual pontoon 10 on the hull of the sunken ship 1, the pontoons 10 are combined into groups and placed in groups in cassettes 11 into which the pontoons 10 fit. The hull of the sunken ship 1 is attached to the cassettes by means of sling towels 18. Cassettes 11 in their upper part are interconnected by means of lightweight beams 19.

Cassettes 11 are set in tiers. To guide the upper tier 20 to the lower tier 21, conical glasses are used: the lower 22 and the upper 23. The upper glass 23 is guided to the lower glass 22 along the guide cable 24. The upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 and the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11 are fastened to each other by means of shutters 25.

The shutter 25 includes a support structure 26, which is mounted on the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11, on which an earring 27, made in the form of a cup, which can rotate around a vertical axis, is suspended. At the bottom of the earring 27, a figured hole is made with slots — slotted cutouts. On the lower tier 21 on the cantilever platform, a finger 28 with protrusions is installed. When the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 is mounted on the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11, the finger 28 of the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11 enters the figured hole so that the protrusions of the finger 28 enter the slotted cutouts. When you rotate the earrings 27 manually using the lever inserted into the hole in the walls of the earrings 27, or using a servomotor, the protrusions of the finger 28 are displaced relative to the slotted cut-out, providing a reliable connection between the upper tier 20 of the cassettes 11 and the lower tier 21 of the cassettes 11.

The installation of pontoons in cassettes with their placement in tiers allows you to more evenly distribute the load on the raised flooded object.

When the hull of the sunken ship 1 is separated from the ground under its bottom by means of tugs, an underwater drag 13 is introduced, which is an all-metal structure consisting of a bottom 14 with runners 15 with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners 16, fender devices 17 and cassette fasteners 11.

After winding the drag 13 under the bottom of the sunken ship 1, pontoons 10 are supplied with compressed air to ensure that the sunken ship 1 rises to the estimated depth of its transportation by means of tugboats to their destination.

The application of the invention will improve the efficiency of lifting operations by reducing the complexity and safety when carrying out lifting operations of large-sized sunken objects.

Information sources

1. Catalog of diving equipment for rescue and ship-lifting equipment. Giprorechtrans. - M .: 1989. - 125 p.

2. E.R. Goldin, V.P. Kozlov, F.P. Chelyshev. Submarine and ship lifting emergency rescue operations. M .: Transport. - 1990 .-- 335 s.

3. V.N. Zorbidi. Rescue and ship lifting operations. M .: Transport. - 1976. - 216 p.

4. Avramov N. Yu. Ship lifting. - L. - M .: Water transport, 1938, p.137-139.

5. Patent RU No. 2063902 C1, 07.20.1996.

6. Patent RU No. 2059519 C1, 05/10/1996.

7. Patent RU No. 95103177 A1, 12.20.1996.

8. Patent RU No. 2051067 C1, 12/27/1995.

9. Patent RU No. 2198817, 02.20.2003.

10. Patent RU No. 2390460, 05.27.2010.

11. Patent RU No. 2205769 C2.

12. Patent RU 2284277 C2.

13. Copyright certificate SU No. 885101.

Claims (4)

1. A method of lifting a sunken ship, including attaching pontoons to the hull of the sunken ship, regulating its buoyancy, characterized in that the pontoons are placed in cassettes installed in tiers, while to release the sunken ship from the sludge, a flexible cloth with a ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles is inserted the separation of the hull of the sunken ship from the ground under its bottom, by means of tugs, lead an underwater drag. 2. A complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship, consisting of an underwater work vessel with lifting devices, pontoons that are attached to the hull of a sunken ship, a floating attachment, characterized in that the complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship additionally contains a ballast equipped hydraulic nozzles, the floating attachment is made in the form of an underwater drag, which is made in the form of an all-metal structure, in the lower part of which a skid is placed I am. 3. The complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship according to claim 2, including a cloth with ballast, equipped with hydraulic nozzles, characterized in that the cloth with ballast, equipped with hydraulic nozzles, is provided with a frame of the upper edge of the cloth with a rigid "anchor" - traverse, to which are attached slings. 4. The complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship according to claim 2, containing pontoons, characterized in that the pontoons are grouped and placed in cassettes that are attached to the hull of the sunken ship using sling towels, the cassettes in their upper part are interconnected by lightweight beams and set in tiers.

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